Abstract: Between 2011 and 2013, two large-scale cohort epidemiology studies were launched in Shanghai: the SCALE study, which aimed to provide ocular public health services to cover the entire youth population in Shanghai, and the SCES, which was based on sample surveys and aimed to provide information on the prevalence and incidence of visual impairment and different types of refractive errors. A total of 910,245 children and adolescents were finally enrolled in the SCALE study; three possible methods for monitoring refractive error without mydriasis were tested, and the agreement between the refractive outcomes of three commonly used autorefractors were examined to ensure the accuracy of the results of the SCALE study. A total of 8,627 children were enrolled in the SCES, and the baseline prevalence of different refractive errors, different behaviors associated with 1 year myopic shifts, and the different patterns of 2-year myopia progression between internal migrant and local resident school children have been analyzed. In some subset samples of the SCALE study and the SCES, several refraction components such as choroidal thickness (ChT) and crystalline lens power were also measured, to further elucidate the relationships between the refraction components and myopia as well as the mechanism of myopia incidence and development. The three methods used in Shanghai to prevent and intervene with childhood myopia: increasing outdoor time, low concentration atropine, and use of orthokeratology lens are also addressed in this review.
Background: The ORVIS infrastructure aims to facilitate the development and availability of valid and adapted tools that will allow functional, perceptual, cognitive and psychological evaluation of low vision clients by researchers and clinicians who work in low vision and visual impairment rehabilitation.
Methods: The tools developed or documented within ORVIS Infrastructure are tests or questionnaires which allow, or will allow to assess—in an accurate and reliable manner—characteristics related to visual impairment. The tools in development are: (I) questionnaire de repérage des hallucinations visuelles liées au syndrome de Charles-Bonnet (QR-SCB); (II) repérage des personnes agées présentant des INDices de déficience VISUELle (IndiVisuel); (III) mesure de l’impact de la déficience visuelle dans les activités quotidiennes (MIDVAQ) and (IV) M’EYE read test. The directory documents 14 tools and offers—within a descriptive sheet—characteristics, components and metrological properties as supported by cited scientific studies.
Results: The ORVIS Infrastructure, which aims at the development and availability of assessment tools, fills researchers’ and clinicians’ needs for measurement tools that are valid, effective and appropriate for use with a visually impaired clientele. Such tools are, especially in French, little known and hard to find, and represent a precious resource for those who want to evaluate the efficacy of treatments or interventions.
Conclusions: ORVIS is available at www.orvis.vision. Between November 2015 and September 2017, the directory has been accessed 1,383 times by 952 unique visitors.
Background: The perceptions surrounding assistive technology have been shown to be increasingly stigmatizing in older adult populations. This stigmatization can lead individuals to the abandonment of the assistive device. Until now, the methods of identifying or predicting the stigma surrounding assistive technology has mostly been qualitative in nature. Here we present a novel quantitate and qualitative research study that uses neuro-cognitive (psychophysics and EEG) and eye tracking technology, in addition to a new questionnaire to investigate the stigma associated with assistive devices. Therefore, this approach plays a major role in understanding and predicting the neural and physiological correlates associated to stigma.
Methods: Thirty-four older adults (>50 years) took part in the study. To determine the psychophysiological predictors of stigma surrounding assistive technologies, we monitored brain activity using EEG, heart rate and eye movements using an eye-tracker while participants viewed a series of images containing either an older or younger individual in different social scenarios (e.g., talking to doctor, at coffee shop). In each scenario, the individual uses either no assistive device, a low stigmatizing device (e.g., iPad), or a high stigmatizing device (e.g., electronic magnifier).
Results: Here we present preliminary analysis of the eye movement data. Analysis shows that in comparison to images that contained a low stigmatizing device, in images that contain high stigmatizing devices, the latency to fixate the device is shorter, first fixation duration is longer, and the total number of fixations on the device are higher. The environment that the devices is used in has no effect on eye movement metrics.
Conclusions: Although the sample size is small, and based on a healthy older-adult population, these initial observations would indicate that latency to fixate and first fixation duration are predictors of stigma associated with assistive devices. Future research should expand this prediction to those actively using assistive devices, and how the measures predict abandonment over time.
Background: To explore the application effect of psychological nursing intervention in patients with traumatic endophthalmitis.
Methods: A total of 90 patients with traumatic endophthalmitis admitted to our hospital from August 2018 to April 2019 were selected as study objects and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing care, and the observation group performed psychological nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. The scores of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) and nursing satisfaction degree were compared before and after nursing treatment in two groups.
Results: The scores of SAS and SDS of the observation group were better than those of the control group. The score of the nursing satisfaction degree of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, showing statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Psychological nursing intervention can improve the physical and mental condition of patients with traumatic endophthalmitis, reduce their negative emotions such as anxiety and depression, and improve the satisfaction of nursing. It is worthy of clinical promotion.
Abstract: Timely and widely available, social media (SM) platforms and tools offer new and exciting learning opportunities in medical education. Despite scarce, we sought for a body of consistent evidence allowing us to substantially approach the concept of SM and how physicians as learners and medical educators can use SM based-education to benefit their clinical practice and their patients’ outcomes. We correlate education theories with the progression of world-wide web phases and how this influences the process of teaching and learning. We mention some examples of SM tools already in use in healthcare education. Potential advantages and effectiveness SM in medical education, as well as limitations of SM and pre-requisites for its use are discussed. Our concluding remarks underline the good practices in effectively utilizing SM in healthcare education.
