Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, and ocular and visual dysfunction is one of the common non-motor symptoms of PD, further affecting PD patients’quality of life. Reduced dopamine concentrations and deposition of α-synuclein in the retina of PD patients have been shown in studies. At present, there is still a lack of effective tools for early diagnosis and assessment of PD. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography can reveal abnormalities in the microstructure and microvasculature of the retinal layers, and researchers applying these techniques have found that the thickness of the parapapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and the retina in the macula in PD patients have had varying degrees of thinning, and the density and complexity of capillaries in the superficial and deep capillary plexus of the retina have been reduced. Further, investigators have explored the clinical application of these techniques in PD and have found that they can be used to detect pathological changes occurring in early PD, reflect the course and severity of the disease, and play a role in differential diagnosis. In conclusion, retinal-correlated testing may be an indicator to assess the severity of brain pathology in PD patients and to aid in disease diagnosis and monitoring the progression of PD, although large sample, multicenter replication studies are still needed to provide more reliable results.

Objective To explore the application effects of different nursing models before and after the establishment of a one-stop intravitreal injection center, and to analyze their impact on patient's medical time and experience. Methods A retrospective clinical study was conducted. From January 2023 to March 2024, 2955 patients who received anti-VEGF drug treatment at the Shantou International Eye Center, a joint initiative of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, were included in the study. The 1399 patients who received anti-VEGF drug treatment before the establishment of the intravitreal injection center from January 2023 to August 2023 were set as the control group; the 1556 patients who received anti-VEGF drug treatment after the establishment of the intravitreal injection center from September 2023 to March 2024 were set as the observation group. The control group followed the routine day surgery process, while the observation group established a one-stop intravitreal injection center to optimize the diagnosis, treatment, and nursing service process. A questionnaire survey was used to compare the differences in waiting time at various points from appointment to surgery, on the day of surgery, and postoperative review, health education awareness rate, patient satisfaction, and adverse event rate between the two groups. Results The questionnaire survey showed that the waiting time for surgery between the control group and the observation group was (3.93±2.98 days, 1.34±2.38 days), respectively, the surgery time was (2.53±2.11 minutes, 1.93±1.82 minutes), the in-hospital time was (313.62±184.96 minutes, 85.43±34.14 minutes), and the postoperative review time was (45.92±48.44 minutes, 25.82±16.21 minutes), with all differences being statistically significant (P<0.001); the overall health education awareness rate before and after the establishment was (95.50%, 98.70%), with a significant difference (P<0.001, χ2=16.09); the patient satisfaction survey showed that the proportion of "very satisfied" in various medical experience options was significantly higher after the establishment than before. Conclusion The one-stop intravitreal injection center nursing model has simplified the medical process, greatly reducing the waiting time at various points from appointment to surgery, on the day of surgery, and postoperative review, significantly improving work efficiency, and significantly improving the overall medical experience of patients.

Cornea is an ideal target organ for gene therapy. Corneal alkali burn, cornealneovascularization and corneal graft rejection tend to be with poor treatment elicacydue to its complex pathogenesis. This article aims to update the recent progress of genetherapy on corneal diseases.

       Medulloepithelioma is a clinically uncommon tumor originated from nervous system, often occurred in central nerve system and ciliary body, and malignant medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve is far rarer. So far, there has been no case report in China. It may be clinically misdiagnosed because it resembles glioma at the early stage of the disease. We reported a boy with a tumor in his right eye at age of 3.8 years, which was shown by biopsy of the partial tumor that there were some obviously heteromorphous neoplastic cells, karyokinesis, and moreover, some neoplastic cells differentiatied into cartilage cells, gradually formed into hyaline cartilage islands and the expressions of NSE and S-100 were positive. Teratoid malignant medulloepithelioma of optic nerve was made pathologically.

Binocular vision,the ability of both eyes to work together, has gradually gained attention in cognitive psychology and neuroscience research,particularly regarding its association with executive functions.Executive functions,as an important cognitive capability,involve various aspects such as attention,working memory,decision-making,and problem-solving,affecting individuals' daily life and work performance.Current research indicates that binocular vision plays a crucial role in visual information processing and significantly influences the regulation of executive functions.However,there is still a lack of systematic analysis in the existing literature regarding the specific neural mechanisms and clinical implications of the relationship between binocular vision and executive functions. This paper aims to review existing studies,delve into the role of binocular vision in executive functions, analyze the underlying neural mechanisms,and discuss the potential clinical implications of these findings.Additionally, the article will propose future research directions to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between binocular vision and executive functions, providing new perspectives and ideas for research in related fields.

Objective To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery combined with capsular tension ring implantation in primary angle-closure glaucoma patients with zonular abnormalities. Analysis postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure （IOP） and the sources of postoperative refractive error, the accuracy of Barrett Ⅱ, Kane and EVO formulas for calculating intraocular lens power were compared. Methods Case series study. Twenty six patients (26 eyes) of glaucoma with zonular abnormalities underwent phacoemulsification combined with goniolysis and capsular tension ring implantation. The influencing factors of visual acuity, IOP and refractive error were retrospectively analyzed. To compare the relationship between the reserved diopter of Barrett Ⅱ, Kane and EVO formula and the actual refraction results of patients after surgery. Results Compared with preoperative, the logMar visual acuity was improved after operation, the difference was statistically significant, but there was no statistically significant difference

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the leading retinal diseases causing vision impairment and is often associated with retinal ischemia, hemorrhage, fluid leakage, and macular edema, ultimately resulting in decreased vision or even permanent vision loss. Currently, the primary treatment for RVO-associated macular edema is intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. However, the pathological mechanisms of RVO are not limited to VEGF alone, but also involve angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Under pathological conditions, Ang-2 disrupts vascular stability, induces neovascularization, and exacerbates inflammatory responses, thereby accelerating the progression of RVO. Faricimab, as a bispecific antibody, can simultaneously inhibit both VEGF-A and Ang-2 pathways, which are critical in RVO pathogenesis, and has shown potential advantages in improving visual outcomes. The article provides a detailed discussion on the mechanism of action, clinical applications, comparison with related therapeutic agents, and future development prospects of Faricimab in the treatment of RVO, offering a theoretical basis and reference for its further application in ophthalmology.

Ferroptosis, as a unique mode of cell death, has increasingly been highlighted in ophthalmic disease research in recent years, and its significance cannot be overlooked. This process involves iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, leading to damage to cellular membrane structures and ultimately triggering cell death. In the field of ophthalmology, ferroptosis is closely linked to the pathological progression of various degenerative disease, providing a fresh perspective for the treatment of these conditions. In retinal degenerative disease, such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, ferroptosis plays a central role. These diseases cause damage to retinal cells, subsequently affecting visual function. Ferroptosis accelerates disease progression by influencing the balance between survival and death of retinal degenerative diseases. Notably, recent research indicates that ferroptosis also plays a crucial role in the development of corneal diseases. With advancements in the study of ferroptosis regulatory mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies and methods targeting ferroptosis, the role of ferroptosis in corneal diseasees and its potential therapeutic value are gradually being unveiled. This paper focuses on the roles of four classic ferroptosis signaling pathways in the ferroptosis process, reviews the internal mechanisms of ferroptosis, and introduces the current application of ferroptosis inhibitors in the repair of damages corneas, providing insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies for corneal diseases.

Purpose:To report a case of papilloedema caused by primary empty sella turcica syndrome.

Methods:Retrospectively review the clinical and physical features, magnetic resonance imaging records and therapies of a patient with papilloedema caused by primary empty

sella turcica syndrome.

Results: Except for typical clinical manifestation of papilloedema , a characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be found in a case of papilloedema caused by

primary empty sella turcica syndrome. These imaging features are that sella turcica expanded, the inside of sella turcica was filled with cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) signal,

pituitary gland was pressed, flatted and near the basis of sella turcica. Papilloedema was relieved and acuity of vision improved after surgery.

Conclusions:MRI is the preferred imaging technique for patient with papilloedema caused by primary empty sella turcica syndrome. If acuity of vision apparentlydecreases,surgery is necessary, and therapeutic effect is excellent.

神经营养性角膜病变是一种与角膜神经退行性改变有关的疾病，角膜神经的知觉和营养功能受损，导致角膜上皮缺损、角膜溃疡甚至角膜穿孔。目前人工泪液、治疗性角膜绷带镜、泪点栓塞、羊膜移植，睑缘缝合等治疗措施仍是治疗神经营养性角膜病变的主要治疗方式，对于轻中度病变患者，具有较好的治疗效果，而对于重度病变患者，药物治疗及简单的手术干预治疗效果不佳，病情反复发作。由于重度神经营养性角膜病变患者的角膜神经完全消失，丧失角膜感觉，对未恢复角膜神经营养功能的角膜白斑或溃疡患者行角膜移植术，可能导致角膜移植术后上皮持续不愈合，因此恢复角膜神经营养功能是复明的重要保障手段。角膜神经移植术是重度神经营养性角膜病变患者恢复角膜神经营养功能，提高角膜知觉，改善角膜透明度的重要和有效的治疗方法。角膜神经移植术通过将具有正常功能的供体神经移植到麻痹眼角膜缘周围，使神经末梢重新长入角膜基质，恢复角膜知觉功能。随着角膜神经移植术的术式的不断改进，其良好的术后效果和优点已经渐渐突显。角膜神经移植术包括直接角膜神经移植和间接角膜神经移植，促使角膜神经重新生长，重建角膜神经的营养和知觉功能。角膜神经移植手术已有40年历史，1981年Samii等首次报告了角膜神经移植术，2009年Terzis等成功地实施了第1例直接角膜神经移植术，2014年Elbaz等进行了第1例以腓肠神经作为间置移植物的间接角膜神经移植。封面展示了神经营养性角膜病变患者未接受治疗前的和接受角膜神经移植术后的眼表角膜图像。由于角膜神经退行性改变，角膜失去神经支配，继而出现角膜上皮缺损，角膜缘新生血管形成，经角膜神经移植后，角膜上皮愈合，角膜透明度改善，同时角膜缘新生血管消退。