Aim: To analyze the clinical characteristics, incidence and risk of retinal detachment (RD) after cataract surgery and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in high myopic patients.

Methods:The medical records of 146 high myopic patients (232 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were studied retrospectively. The development of RD was followed up over a 3-year period, and its characteristics were determined. All of the eyes received a comprehensive ophthal-mological examination, including best-corrected visual acuity measurements, a dilated fundus examination and axial length measured by A-scan ultrasonography.

Results: RD developed in 15 eyes of 15 patients. All the 15 eyes needed vitreo-retinal surgery. The mean interval between cataract surgery and the development of RD was 10 ± 9 months (range 0.5～32 months) . The visual results of the eyes after anatomical successful vitreo-retinal surgery ranged from finger count /10 cm to 0.06. 80% (12/15) of the eyes had a worse vision after the surgery than that before cataract surgery. Posterior capsular tear were associated significantly with RD (P < 0.01). Approximately 60%( 9/15) of retinal detachment was attributable to posterior capsule tear during cataract surgery.

Conclusion: Incidence of RD in high myopic patients after cataract surgery was 6.4%. RD was the potentially serious complication and tended to develop more frequently in eyes with posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery. It is crucial to examine retinal status after cataract surgery and to have a close follow-up to prevent retinal complications, especially for patients with posterior capsular disruption. 

Objective To observe the effect of TREK-TRAAK K2P activation on the phagocytic function of oxidative damaged human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). Methods Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of TREK-1, TREK-2 and TRAAK channel proteins in human RPE cells, and the RPE cell oxidative damage model was induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) at different time and concentration gradients. The study was divide into control group, t-BHP model group, riluzole plus t-BHP group, and riluzole group. 2×107/ml fluorescent microspheres or FITC-labeled porcine photoreceptor outer segment membrane discs were added to each group for 6h incubation, fluorescence photos were obtained after fixation and staining, and the phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index of RPE cells was analyzed and calculated by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Results TREK-1, TREK-2, and TREEK channel subtype proteins were all highly expressed in the human RPE cytoplasm. The survival rate of human RPE cells after t-BHP intervention was concentration- and time-dependent. There was no statistical difference in the survival rate between 200 μmol/L t-BHP intervention for 6 hours and the control group (P>0.05), and 400 μmol/L t-BHP intervention for 6 hours induced half death. Specific phagocytic index: The t-BHP group was lower than other groups (P<0.001). Specific phagocytosis rate: the t-BHP group was lower than other groups, with no statistical difference (P>0.05). Nonspecific phagocytic index: the t-BHP group was lower than other groups (P＜0.001); nonspecific phagocytic rate: the t-BHP model group was lower than the riluzole plus t-BHP group, with no statistical difference (P=1), and only the riluzole group was higher than the t-BHP model group (P＜0.05) in pairwise comparison. Conclusion Activation of TREK-TRAAK K2P can protect the phagocytic function of human RPE cells damaged by oxidative stress.

Purpose: To set up an easy procedure of tissue culture for human lens epithelial cells in vitro and to observe the biological characteristics.

Methods: Capsules from embryo of 20 weeks, eye bank of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre and patients with cataract were spread on culture utensil. 10 μ L of 10% DMEM medium was added and a piece of coverslip was lay to prevent crimp. Then the capsules were cultured under 37℃after adding enough medium. Capsules from the same source were cultured by traditional tissue culture method. Expressions of β crystallin between primary tissue culture cells and SRA01/04 cell line were compared by western blotting.

Results: With coverslip assisted, the cells could be observed proliferated and migrated from the edge of embryo capsule 2 days later, and for capsules from eye bank and age-related cataract patients, the interval time was 3 to 4 days. By traditional tissue culture method, the interval time of embryo capsule was 3 to 4 days, and for capsules from eye bank and age-related cataract patients, the interval time was the same. And capsules floated sometimes.

Conclusions: By coverslip assisted primary tissue culture human lens epithelial cells could grow faster and easier, and the method is worthy to be spread in research of lens diseases.

Subjects and objective: To measure the quantitative pupil light reflex after unilateral ocular contusion, analyze the correlation of pupil light reflex and other tests of visual function.

Methods: The pupil light reflex in 26 patients who suffered unilateral ocular contusion was tested by infrared video pupillography, psychophysical and electrophysiological tests including visual acuity, visual field, and visual evoked potentials were also tested. Pupil area, the latency and amplitude of pupil light reflex were recorded.

Results: The correlation of the ratio of pupil light reflex amplitude and the differences of visual acuity between 2 eyes in 26 contusion patients was statistically significant. The correlation coefficient r was - 0.648. There were significant correlation between amplitude of pupil light reflex and median defect of visual field. The correlation coefficients r were 0.5 and 0.535. The significant correlations were found in the ratio of amplitudes between pupil light reflex and visual evoked potentials. Multiple linear regression analysis showed combining pupil light reflex amplitude and visual evoked potential amplitude could elevate the possibility of predicting visual acuity.

Conclusion: Pupil light reflex amplitude measurement is superior to other pupil measurements for reflection of the changes of visual function after ocular contusion. The correlations of pupil light reflex amplitude and visual acuity, visual field, visual evoked potential are significant in the ocular contusion patient. Pupil light reflex combined with visual evoked potential could elevate the possibility of predicting visual function precisely after ocular contusion.

Purpose : To investigate the clinical manifestation of damage of visual function causedby pituitary adenoma.

Methods: Visual acuity, visual field, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), pattemvisual evoked potential (PVEP) and examination fundus were performed in 126 cases(252 eyes)of pituitary tumor.

Results :There was 73.8% (186 eyes) of patients with decreased visual acuity, 51.6%(130 eyes) with primary optic atrophy, 69.6 %(156 eyes) with the defects of visualfield and 88.9%(160 eyes) with abnormal PVEP. Abnormal ophalmological manifestationwas the first diagnostic symptom in 26.2%, and 16.7% was misdiagnosed as eye diseases.

Conclusions: Pituitary tumor could cause defection of visual function. lt is helpful toearly diagnosis and timely treatment by fully understanding clinical features in the eyewith pituitary tumor.

Objective: To demonstrate the clinical characteristics and surgical effects of congenital lacrimal gland cutaneous fistula with ectopic lacrimal gland. Methods: Observational case and literature review. The results of exterior photograph、lacrimal duct irrigation、digital subtraction imaging of the lacrimal fistula and CT results of lacrimal fistula of the patient diagnosed as lacrimal gland cutaneous fistula with ectopic lacrimal gland were recorded. We explore the surgical methods of the patient. The surgical strategy entailed the transposition of the proximal segment of the lacrimal fistula and its subsequent anastomosis with the conjunctival sac, serving as an alternative conduit to the native lacrimal duct. Pathological examination and postoperative follow-up were performed. Results: Ophthalmic testing: fistula with a diameter of about 1mm was observed in 1/3 of the upper eyelid of the left eye. The skin of the fistula was sunken and tufted with hair growth. There was a paroxysmal discharge of clear fluid from the fistula. Lacrimal examination: The opening of the fistula in the skin of the left upper eyelid was outward and upward. The fistula exploration was conducted through the opening of the fistula. The fistula tract initially coursed medially and caudally, followed by laterally and caudally. The fistulous tract initially coursed medially and caudally, followed by laterally and caudally. At a depth of 3.5mm from the dermal surface, a soft resistance was encountered which could not be overcome by forced pressure. The irrigation fluid refluxed along its original pathway, without pus or bloody fluid regurgination. Digital subtraction imaging of the lacrimal fistula in the left eye showed that contrast media remained and there were fan-shaped spaces in the depth of the fistula. CT results of lacrimal fistula showed high density of lacrimal gland in left eye. External observation of the left eye was observed during outpatient follow-up 6 months after surgery. Transposed lacrimal fistula successfully diverted tear fluid into the conjunctival sac of the upper fornix. Conclusions: Congenital lacrimal gland cutaneous fistula combined with congenital ectopic lacrimal gland and ectopic hair is rare in clinic, highlighting the significance of accurate preoperative diagnosis. In the case that the main lacrimal gland is distinct and functional, complete removal of the ectopic lacrimal gland tissue and transposition of lacrimal fistula to anastomosis with the upper conjunctival sac to replace the lacrimal duct is a better treatment option.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is the main subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in China. There is little pathological research on PCV, and the conclusions among studies are lack of consistence. Herein, this article summarise the controversial issues regarding the location level, origin, and the vascular endothelial growth factor expression of PCV lesions by introducing our latest clinicopathologic study on PCV and combining with previous studies in China and worldwide.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of endonasal endoscopic lower position dacryocystorhinostomy（En-LP-DCR） combined with new RT lacrimal stent intubation for treating chronic dacryocystitis. Methods: In A prospective randomized controlled study, patients with chronic dacryocystitis secondary to primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups. In study group (Group A), 43 cases (44 eyes) were treated with the En-LP-DCR combined with new RT lacrimal stent intubation. Control group (Group B), 39 cases (39 eyes) :conventional endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy combined with bicanalicular intubation. The stent was removed from 3 to 6 months after surgery and followed up 6 to 12 months. Results: There was no recurrence of chronic dacryocystitis in both groups. In group A, 42 eyes (95.45%) were cured and 2 eyes (4.54%) were improved. In group B, 38 eyes were cured (97.43%) and 1 eye was improved (2.56%), there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In group B, 12 eyes (30.77%) With the incorporation of powered instrumentation to make bony ostium with full exposure of the lacrimal sac., while group A did not use powered dynamic system. Operation time of group A: 31.88±1.64min; The operation time of group B was 48.54±4.4min, the difference between the two groups was significant (P< 0.01). In group B, the stent dislocated from the medial canthus in 2 cases, while in group A, there were no cases of the stent dislocated. No patient with dislocation, displacement of stent and punctum erosion founded in both groups, and no recurrence of chronic dacryocystitis was observed during the average follow-up of 6 months. lConclusion: Endonasal endoscopic lower position dacryocystorhinostomy combined with new RT lacrimal stent intubation is a new and effective method for the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis, with minimally surgical injury and faster postoperative recovery. Further research should investigate the long-term curative effect and the effect on the function of tear pump .

With the application of multimodal imaging techniques, a specific subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), known as cuticular drusen, has been identified. This subtype is closely associated with the progression of AMD, particularly non-exudative AMD, also referred to as dry AMD. However, there is a scarcity of literature focusing on the multimodal imaging characteristics of AMD combined with cuticular drusen. Therefore, studying and elucidating the multimodal imaging features of cuticular drusen, its differential diagnosis from other AMD subtypes of drusen, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment methods holds significant clinical importance. Multimodal imaging reveals cuticular drusen as numerous, symmetrical, evenly sized, yellow subretinal nodules in both eyes, exhibiting a typical "stars-in-the-sky" appearance on fluorescein angiography (FFA) and zigzag elevations between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane on optical coherence tomography (OCT). The distribution characteristics of AMD patients with cuticular drusen vary greatly among individuals and can easily be confused with drusen from other AMD subtypes, so the differentiation from hard drusen, soft drusen, large colloidal drusen, and Sorsby's fundus dystrophy (SFD) is necessary. Studies suggest that cuticular drusen have a genetic, atherosclerosis-like pathogenesis which closely related to the accumulation of large lipoprotein particles secreted by the RPE. Future therapies targeting the complement system may be employed to delay the progression of cuticular drusen-related lesions. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, typical multimodal imaging features, differential diagnosis, genetic basis, pathophysiological mechanisms, complications, and clinical management strategies of cuticular drusen.

With the application of multimodal imaging techniques, a specific subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), known as cuticular drusen, has been identified. This subtype is closely associated with the progression of AMD, particularly non-exudative AMD, also referred to as dry AMD. However, there is a scarcity of literature focusing on the multimodal imaging characteristics of AMD combined with cuticular drusen. Therefore, studying and elucidating the multimodal imaging features of cuticular drusen, its differential diagnosis from other AMD subtypes of drusen, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment methods holds significant clinical importance. Multimodal imaging reveals cuticular drusen as numerous, symmetrical, evenly sized, yellow subretinal nodules in both eyes, exhibiting a typical "stars-in-the-sky" appearance on fluorescein angiography (FFA) and zigzag elevations between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane on optical coherence tomography (OCT). The distribution characteristics of AMD patients with cuticular drusen vary greatly among individuals and can easily be confused with drusen from other AMD subtypes, so the differentiation from hard drusen, soft drusen, large colloidal drusen, and Sorsby's fundus dystrophy (SFD) is necessary. Studies suggest that cuticular drusen have a genetic, atherosclerosis-like pathogenesis which closely related to the accumulation of large lipoprotein particles secreted by the RPE. Future therapies targeting the complement system may be employed to delay the progression of cuticular drusen-related lesions. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, typical multimodal imaging features, differential diagnosis, genetic basis, pathophysiological mechanisms, complications, and clinical management strategies of cuticular drusen.