Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in elderly population. Among its subtypes, neovascular AMD (nAMD) has become a global focus in ophthalmological research due to its rapid progression and severe vision impairment. With the acceleration of population aging, the disease burden of nAMD is increasingly heavy, making it urgent to conduct in-depth research on its pathogenesis and explore effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, the rapid development of high-throughput omics technologies has provided unprecedented opportunities to decipher the complex molecular pathological mechanisms of nAMD. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and multi-omics integration analyses have not only helped to deeply explore disease-related key molecules, pathways, and networks but also provided new perspectives for discovering novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in molecular omics technologies in nAMD research, focusing on findings from different omics approaches across various biological samples, and analyzes the advantages of multi-omics integration in revealing disease mechanisms and screening biomarkers, aiming to provide references for future research in this field.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in elderly population. Among its subtypes, neovascular AMD (nAMD) has become a global focus in ophthalmological research due to its rapid progression and severe vision impairment. With the acceleration of population aging, the disease burden of nAMD is increasingly heavy, making it urgent to conduct in-depth research on its pathogenesis and explore effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, the rapid development of high-throughput omics technologies has provided unprecedented opportunities to decipher the complex molecular pathological mechanisms of nAMD. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and multi-omics integration analyses have not only helped to deeply explore disease-related key molecules, pathways, and networks but also provided new perspectives for discovering novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in molecular omics technologies in nAMD research, focusing on findings from different omics approaches across various biological samples, and analyzes the advantages of multi-omics integration in revealing disease mechanisms and screening biomarkers, aiming to provide references for future research in this field.

Music, as a non-invasive sensory stimulus, has been increasingly applied in medical fields due to its unique therapeutic value. This article reviews the current applications and research progress of music in fundus examination and treatment. Extensive clinical studies have demonstrated that music intervention can significantly reduce patients' anxiety levels during ophthalmic procedures and improve their medical experience. Positive effects have been observed across various clinical scenarios, including intravitreal injections, retinopathy of prematurity screening, and visual field examinations. Furthermore, studies on simulated ophthalmic surgical procedures have shown that background music not only does not interfere with surgeons' operational performance but may actually optimize the surgical environment by regulating the operator's psychological state. Although the effectiveness of music intervention varies among individuals, with patients showing different preferences for music types, rhythms, and volumes, music therapy generally demonstrates promising potential in fundus clinical practice as a safe, economical, and easily implemented auxiliary measure. Looking forward, more rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed to establish standardized music intervention protocols to maximize the positive effects of music in ophthalmic treatment. Meanwhile, emphasis should be placed on the principle of individualized treatment, developing appropriate music intervention strategies based on patients' personal preferences and specific clinical conditions.

Tilted disc syndrome (TDS) is a congenital retinal abnormality characterized primarily by the abnormal shape and position of the optic disc. Its typical presentation includes an oval-shaped optic disc that is tilted downward or nasally, accompanied by developmental anomalies of the surrounding choroid and retinal pigment epithelium. These anatomical changes can have profound effects on the visual function of patients and may lead to a range of ocular complications, such as peripapillary hyper reflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS), choroidal vascular lesions, and macular region pathologies. In the diagnostic process of TDS, a combination of methods is typically employed, including fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual field testing, to comprehensively assess the morphology and function of the optic disc. Despite years of research on TDS, its exact pathogenesis remains not fully understood. Existing studies suggest that genetic factors, developmental abnormalities, and environmental influences may play significant roles in the occurrence of TDS. Furthermore, the relationship between TDS and other ocular diseases is also a current area of research interest. For instance, conditions such as myopic tilted disc, optic disc edema, and optic nerve tumors often require differential diagnosis in clinical practice to ensure that patients receive accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatments. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research progress on TDS, including its definition, epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, associated visual function abnormalities, diagnostic methods, and related complications. The goal is to enhance clinical understanding of the features and mechanisms of this condition, thereby providing more comprehensive guidance for the clinical management and treatment strategies for patients.

?Tilted disc syndrome (TDS) is a congenital retinal abnormality characterized primarily by the abnormal morphology and position of the optic nerve head.? Typical manifestations include an oval-shaped optic disc that is tilted downward or nasally, accompanied by developmental anomalies of the surrounding choroid and retinal pigment epithelium. These anatomical changes not only affect the visual functions of patients but may also lead to a series of ocular complications, such as peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS), choroidal vascular lesions, and macular region pathologies. Although TDS has been studied for many years, its exact pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, the differential diagnosis of TDS with other ocular diseases, such as myopic disc tilt, disc edema, and optic nerve tumors, is also a current research focus. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research progress on TDS, including its definition, epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, associated visual function abnormalities, diagnostic methods, and related complications, to offer clinicians a more thorough understanding and provide practical guidance for patient management.

Fundus aging is a key factor and pathological basis for the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is histopathologically characterized by choroidal capillary atrophy, Bruch’s membrane (BrM) thickening, and abnormalities of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). BrM thickening can be induced by the aggregation of age-related fundus deposits and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Basal laminar deposits (BLamD) represent diffuse thickening of the basement membrane of RPE, usually considered to be a normal fundus aging. Basal linear deposits (BLinD) and soft drusen, mainly composed of neutral lipids such as esterified and unesterified cholesterol, can disrupt the homeostasis of material exchange between the choroid and the outer retina, resulting in ischemia, hypoxia, and oxidative stress in the outer retina, which are important pathological changes in the early AMD. Recently, our understanding of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD), deposits above the RPE, has been gradually deepened and it also has profound significance in the pathogenesis of AMD. In this review, we presented the pathologic features and multimodal imaging of age-related fundus deposits (including hard drusen and cuticular drusen), aiming to help recognize and understand the manifestations, pathologic features, and formation mechanisms of these deposits, as well as their clinical significance in the development and progression of AMD.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the current state and hotspots of artificial intelligence (AI) in myopia research from 2017 to 2024 using bibliometric methods based on the literature indexed in the Web of Science database. Methods:A literature review was conducted, focusing on documents related to AI in myopia research indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2017 to 2024. Employing CiteSpace software and bibliometric methods, a visualization analysis was performed, considering dimensions such as annual publication volume, country and institution of origin, journal distribution, and keyword emergence.Results: A total of 160 relevant publications were retrieved. China and the United States emerged as the most prolific countries in terms of publications; Capital Medical University, Sun Yat-sen University, National University of Singapore, Wenzhou Medical University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University were the leading research institutions in terms of publication output; "Translational Vision Science Technology" and "Biomedical Engineering Online" were the journals with the highest number of publications. The research evolution can be divided into two phases: the first phase (2017-2021) focused on the use of artificial intelligence technologies, including machine learning and deep learning, for the identification and classification of pathological myopia fundus retina images, OCT, and OCTA images; the second phase (from 2022 to the present) expanded the application of artificial intelligence to the calculation of intraocular lenses for high myopia patients, prediction of refractive surgery outcomes, and myopia management, with the integration of artificial intelligence and blockchain technology showing broad application prospects in the field of myopia management.Conclusions:The application of AI in the field of myopia has evolved from early identification of fundus images to the prediction of post-refractive surgery complications. Currently, the integration of AI technology with blockchain not only enables secure data transmission and model sharing but also addresses data management and privacy protection issues. This direction holds significant potential in the future of myopia management, indicating a new trend of collaboration across institutions and national borders.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and multimodal imaging features of inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (iCNV). Methods: In this study retrospective, observational study, multimodal imaging examinations, including fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), were used to observe the morphology of iCNV in patients diagnosed with uveitis. The area of iCNV, CNV types, CNV morphology and other imaging characteristics were further analyzed. Results: A total of 39 patients were included, with 48 affected eyes and 51 iCNV were identified. The average age of the included patients was 35.28±13 years. Among the affected eyes, 3 presented with multifocal CNV, and 92.16% of iCNV were classified as type 2 CNV. iCNV exhibited diverse morphologies, including focal-like pattern (15 cases, 29.41%),sea-fan pattern(16 cases, 31.37%), dead-tree pattern CNV(9 cases, 17.65%), stellar pattern (9 cases, 17.65%), and diffuse reticular (2 cases, 3.92%). Notably, tree-like and stellar pattern iCNV showed a significant correlation with non-active CNV (P＜0.01). Conclusion:iCNV is closely related to inflammatory lesions, exhibiting characteristic imaging features on SD-OCT and ICGA. OCTA allows for direct observation of the morphology of iCNV. These multimodal imaging characteristics provide important diagnostic criteria for clinicians, aiding in the formulation of effective treatment plans.

Objective: This study was to investigate the changes of biological parameters of different length eye axes during silicone oil filling and the refractive outcome 1 month after silicone oil removal combined with cataract surgery, and to analyze the relationship between the two, in order to provide scientific basis for the selection of intraocular lens degree in clinical patients with silicone oil eyes. Methods: From May 2023 to March 2024, 63 cases of 63 eyes received vitrectomy (PPV) combined with silicone oil filling in Chengdu Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for "rheogenic retinal detachment (RRD)", and 46 cases of 46 eyes underwent silicone oil extraction combined with cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. The patients were divided into group A (≥26mm) and group B (< 26mm) according to the axial length of the eyes before silicone oil filling. Ocular axis length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal curvature (K), and other biological parameters of patients were measured before PPV and before silicone oil removal, and biological parameters such as relative lens position were calculated. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), preoperative reservation degree and actual diopter 1 month after combined operation were collected and recorded at different observation points, and the postoperative diopter error (PE) was calculated. All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Results: (1) Changes of biological parameters: During the silicone oil filling period, AL of the two groups increased to different degrees, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001); There was no significant difference in ACD and K between the two groups before oil extraction and before silicone oil filling (P > 0.05). (2) Refractive outcome analysis: 1 month after silicone oil removal combined with cataract surgery, BCVA in group A was improved compared with that before silicone oil filling (P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in group B (P > 0.05). The difference between the actual diopter 1 month after combined operation and the preoperative reservation degree in patients with ocular axis ≥26mm was statistically significant (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the actual diopter and the reserved diopter 1 month after operation in patients with ocular axis < 26mm (P>0.05). PE in group A was significantly correlated with the change of lens position during silicone oil filling 1 month after surgery (r =-0.998, P < 0.01). Conclusion: AL becomes longer during RRD silicone oil filling. Far-sighted drift is easy to occur after the removal of silicone oil ≥26mm combined with cataract surgery. The change of relative lens position during silicone oil filling and preoperative AL may be the main factors causing PE.

With the increasing demand for lens removal and the continuous development of medical level, corneal refractive surgery with a large number of verified safety and efficacy has been widely used in clinical practice, but there are still some postoperative complications, dry eye is one of the most common complications after corneal refractive surgery, and it is also one of the important factors affecting postoperative visual quality and satisfaction. The definition of dry eye is inseparable, which is inseparable from the pathogenesis and pathophysiological process of dry eye that have not yet been fully elucidated, and the pathogenesis of dry eye after corneal refraction is also worthy of further exploration and research. The complexity of the etiology and pathogenesis of dry eye makes the diagnosis and treatment of this disease a practical challenge for ophthalmologists, and the special state of ocular surface structure and function after corneal refraction should be considered and optimized on the basis of simple dry eye diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the latest research progress in the prevention and treatment of dry eye after corneal refraction and its current application in practical clinical work.