Schlemm's canal (SC), as the primary pathway for aqueous humor drainage, maintains intraocular pressure balance by regulating aqueous outflow. Abnormalities in its structure and function are closely associated with elevated intraocular pressure and the development of glaucoma. Research on SC aids in elucidating the mechanisms behind outflow resistance and exploring new avenues to enhance aqueous drainage, thereby providing a foundation for the development of new drugs aimed at lowering intraocular pressure and treating glaucoma. Currently, our understanding of the mechanisms regulating SC development and functionality remains limited, with a lack of specific therapeutic strategies targeting SC. In recent years, advancements in measurement and imaging technologies have revealed the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying SC development, leading to the identification of key regulatory targets. This has enhanced our understanding of SC structural and functional regulation. Furthermore, innovative applications of SC as a target for intraocular pressure-lowering medications and surgical interventions are continually expanding. This article systematically reviews the research on the structure and function of SC, summarizes the key molecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms, and discusses the latest advancements in SC-targeted pharmacological and surgical therapies, providing new insights for the clinical diagnosis and management of glaucoma.

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) manifests through two main clinical presentations, characterized by the meibomian gland (MG) ductal obstruction or acinar dropout. While previous research has predominantly associated MGD pathogenesis with hyperkeratinization-related MG ductal obstruction and subsequent acinar atrophy, recent cases have shown significant functional acinar loss in the absence of apparent ductal keratinization or blockage. The deterioration of either MG obstruction or dropout exacerbates the condition of the other, suggesting an independent yet interconnected relationship that perpetuates the vicious cycle of MGD. Understanding the distinct pathological features of MG obstruction and dropout is crucial for delineating their etiology and identifying targeted therapeutic strategies. This review explores the nuanced interrelations of MG obstruction and dropout, elucidating potential pathological mechanisms to establish a foundation for early MGD diagnosis and intervention.

Myopia, a common cause of visual impairment, has become a prominent global health problem. In urban areas of East and Southeast Asia, myopia has reached "epidemic" proportions among children and young adults, with more than 80 percent of children suffering from myopia by the time they complete high school. The beneficial effect of increasing the time of outdoor physical activity on the incidence of myopia and physical health in children has been widely recognized. However, in countries with highly competitive education systems, such as China, parents and school administrators may be reluctant to increase their children's time for extracurricular physical activity for fear of affecting their academic performance. Therefore, it is very important to correctly view the role of after-school outdoor activities and physical exercise in the prevention and control of myopia and physical and mental development of adolescents, encourage schools and families to jointly support children's physical exercise and promote the

To evaluate the clinical application of infrared light reflection (IR) combined with fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in retinal large artery aneurysm and its complications. Method: Retrospective case series study was used. The clinic data of 61 patients (61 eyes) were diagnosed in Henan Eye Hosptial from February 2010 to june 2024. All eyes were examinated by IR and FFA, and 12 eyes examinated by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). The fundus imaging characteristics of retinal large artery aneurysm and its complications was analyzed.Results:The images of IR presented 60 eyes with cystic strong reflex light. FFA showed 53 eyes with cystic strong fluorescence, including 5 eyes with retinal branch vein occlusion, and 1 eye with retinal branch artery occlusion. The detection rate of retinal large artery aneurysm in the FFA group was lower than that in the IR group (P=0.038<0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of retinal large artery aneurysm between the IR group and the ICGA group in 10 eyes with hemorrhagic retinal large artery aneurysm (P=0.763>0.05). Conclusion: IR combined with FFA examination could replace ICGA combined with FFA examination and is suitable for individualized diagnosis of exudative retinal large artery aneurysm or combined with retinal vascular occlusion.

Objective Analyze the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive vitrectomy (PPV) with or without intraoperative injection of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX) for the treatment of Idiopathic Macular Epiretinal Membrane (IMEM), by comparing the relevant indicators. Methods A retrospective study design was used to collect 49 patients (49 eyes) who were diagnosed with IMEM (Gass2) and underwent surgical treatment at Huizhou Central People’s Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023. According to their treatment plan, they were divided into a non-combined injection DEX group (25 cases, 25 eyes) and a combined injection DEX group (24 cases, 24 eyes). All patients underwent comprehensive optometry before and after surgery, and their best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded. Scan the central macular thickness (CMT) within 6x6mm of the macular area, while scanning the average ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness. Record whether the elliptical zone (EZ) within 1x1mm of the macular area is complete and continuous. Use OCTA mode to scan the superficial capillary layer (SCP) of the retina within a range of 6x6mm, and record the measurements of vascular density (VDs) in the central area and the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Measure the patient's intraocular pressure using a non-contact tonometer. Follow up for 6 months and record the above indicators, with BCVA and CMT followed up for 1 year. Perform statistical analysis of data using SPSS 29.0 software. Independent sample t-test is used for data between two groups that follow a normal distribution, while Mann Whitney U-test is used for data that does not follow a normal distribution. Unordered data is evaluated for differences using Pearson 2-test. Use repeated measures ANOVA to analyze the time differences and interaction differences of various indicators. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the correlation between CMT, mean GCL thickness, EZ integrity, VDs, FAZ area, and combined injection of DEX with BCVA. P<0.05 is considered to have statistically significant differences. Results This study included 25 cases (25 eyes) in the non-combined injection DEX group, with an average age of (62.96±7.12) years; The combined injection of DEX group consisted of 24 cases (24 eyes), with an average age of (62.75±5.29) years. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, intraocular pressure, and preoperative indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). Both surgical methods can improve the structure, function, and microcirculation disorders in the macular area. The postoperative BCVA in both groups of patients improved compared to before, and persisted until 6 months after surgery. The trend of CMT changes was highly consistent with BCVA, while the average GCL thickness began to recover at 3 months after surgery. The SCP fovea VDs and FAZ area did not show significant recovery until 6 months after surgery. Both surgical methods showed time differences and interaction differences in the above indicators after surgery (P0.015), and the combined injection of DEX group performed better within 6 months (P0.036). Compared to the non combined injection of DEX group, only the combined injection of DEX group showed statistically significant improvement in EZ integrity at 6 months after surgery (P=0.009). However, at 1 year of follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in BCVA and CMT between the two groups (P0.079). The improvement of BCVA within 6 months after surgery is correlated with the improvement of CMT, average GCL thickness, SCP fovea VDs, FAZ area, EZ integrity, and injection of DEX within 6 months after surgery. The combination of DEX injection can improve the recovery of BCVA. Conclusions 1) The efficacy of PPV combined with intravitreal injection of DEX is better within 6 months compared to the non-combined injection of DEX treatment group . 2) There was no significant difference in the improvement of BCVA and CMT after one year of surgery between the combined single injection DEX treatment regimen and the non-combined injection DEX treatment regimen.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the surgical skills and prognostic management of vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 in the treatment of giant hiatus retinal detachment. Methods: Six cases of giant retinal tear detachment were treated with vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8, their postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure and retinal reduction were observed, and the relevant literature was analyzed and summarized. Results: Six cases of giant retinal tear detachment were treated with vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 and finally the retina was completely reattached. Conclusion: vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 can achieve a high reattachment rate for giant retinal tear detachment. The keys to successful surgery are complete removal of the vitreous, release of strains, retinotomy to release the tension, drainage of subretinal fluid, and adequate filling of the vitreous cavity.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the surgical skills and prognostic management of vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 in the treatment of giant hiatus retinal detachment. Methods: Six cases of giant retinal tear detachment were treated with vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8, their postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure and retinal reduction were observed, and the relevant literature was analyzed and summarized. Results: Six cases of giant retinal tear detachment were treated with vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 and finally the retina was completely reattached. Conclusion: vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 can achieve a high reattachment rate for giant retinal tear detachment. The keys to successful surgery are complete removal of the vitreous, release of strains, retinotomy to release the tension, drainage of subretinal fluid, and adequate filling of the vitreous cavity.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the surgical skills and prognostic management of vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 in the treatment of giant hiatus retinal detachment. Methods: Six cases of giant retinal tear detachment were treated with vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8, their postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure and retinal reduction were observed, and the relevant literature was analyzed and summarized. Results: Six cases of giant retinal tear detachment were treated with vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 and finally the retina was completely reattached. Conclusion: vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 can achieve a high reattachment rate for giant retinal tear detachment. The keys to successful surgery are complete removal of the vitreous, release of strains, retinotomy to release the tension, drainage of subretinal fluid, and adequate filling of the vitreous cavity.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the surgical skills and prognostic management of vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 in the treatment of giant hiatus retinal detachment. Methods: Six cases of giant retinal tear detachment were treated with vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8, their postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure and retinal reduction were observed, and the relevant literature was analyzed and summarized. Results: Six cases of giant retinal tear detachment were treated with vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 and finally the retina was completely reattached. Conclusion: vitrectomy filled with silicone oil or C3F8 can achieve a high reattachment rate for giant retinal tear detachment. The keys to successful surgery are complete removal of the vitreous, release of strains, retinotomy to release the tension, drainage of subretinal fluid, and adequate filling of the vitreous cavity.

Purpose: To compare the influence of krypton laser with different power densities combined with Nd: YAG laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) on the intraocular pressure, blood-aqueous barrier and inflammatory of anterior chamber as well as the therapeutic effect.

Methods: Using a laser flare cell meter and Goldmann tonometer, the level of aqueous protein, the number of cells in the anterior chamber and intraocular pressure of 31 patients (62 eyes) who underwent krypton laser with different power densities combined with Nd: YAG laser peripheral iridotomy were examined and recorded preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results: The mean preoperative and 1-hour, 3-day, 7-day, 1-month postoperative intraocular pressure ( IOP) of the high power-density group were (15.68±2.41) , (27.13 ±3.48) , (20.97 ±5.27) , (16.35 ±1.14) and (15.06 ±2.02) mmHg, while those of the low were (15.35±1.78) , (22.77±3.26) , (16.26±2.41) , (15.68±2.06) and (15.06±1.36) mmHg. The mean preoperative and 3-day, 7-day, 1-month postoperative flare intensity of the high power-density group were (4.65±1.50) , (10.41±2.47) , (7.31±2.31) and (6.15±2.16) pc /ms, while those of the low were (4.45±1.19) , (6.47±1.11) , (4.81±0.55) and (4.98±1.48) pc/ms. The number of aqueous cells of the high was (0.47±0.42) , (36.22±9.16) , ( 18.54±3.60) and (6.29±0.98) , while that of the low was (0.58±0.52) , (24.73±6.09) , (10.61±1.70) and (2.96±1.35) . The mean 1-hour and 3-day postoperative IOP of the high was higher than that of the low. Both the mean flare intensity and the mean number of aqueous cells of the high power-density group were higher than those of the low. The differences were of statistical significance (P <0.05) . The mean flare intensity of the high power-density group in the 1-month postoperative follow-up was still higher than the baseline. The mean number of aqueous cells of both the high and the low power-density groups in the 1- month postoperative follow-up was still higher than the baseline. During 1-month follow-up, no obvious visual damage, diffuse corneal endothelial burns or corneal decompensation, lens injury and closure of the peripheral iris incision were observed.

Conclusion: When krypton laser combined with Nd: YAG laser peripheral iridotomy is under consideration, relatively low power-density krypton laser is recommended because it can achieve the similar therapeutic effects as high power-density krypton laser but leads to less complications and a briefer recovery. More follow-ups are needed after LPI, because the number of aqueous cells in 1-month follow-up was still abnormal.