Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Low-Level Red Light (LLRL) treatment on children and adolescents with low to moderate myopia. Methods: A total of 100 children and adolescents under the age of 15 with low to moderate myopia were included in the study. Only the right eye of each subject was analyzed. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (Orthokeratology lens, Ortho-K) and a treatment group (Repeated Low Intensity Single Wavelength Red Light Therapy, RLRL). The treatment group received 650 nm low-intensity single-wavelength red light therapy combined with refractive correction, while the control group wore Ortho-K lenses only at night. All subjects maintained normal daily life and study habits during the study period, with assessments conducted at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent refraction (SE), axial length (AL), and choroidal thickness (CT) were measured at each follow-up. Results: BCVA in the treatment group showed significant improvement at 6 and 12 months after the intervention compared to baseline (P < 0.05). The SE and AL in the treatment group increased significantly less at 6 and 12 months compared to both baseline and the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the change in choroidal thickness in the treatment group was significantly greater at 6 and 12 months than at baseline and compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Low-Level Red Light therapy is a safe and effective method for improving vision, inhibiting the progression of myopia, and controlling axial length elongation in children and adolescents with low to moderate myopia.

Infectious corneal ulcer is a common ophthalmic disease that poses a threat to vision. Patients for whom drug treatment is ineffective often face serious consequences such as aggravated infection and corneal perforation. In such cases, corneal transplantation is the main treatment method. However, this surgical method has a series of problems such as difficulty in obtaining materials and high technical difficulty in transplantation. In contrast, the unique advantages of amniotic membrane, such as easy availability and simple operation, are demonstrated. If research can prove the feasibility of amniotic membrane transplantation in the treatment of infectious corneal ulcer, then the selection of amniotic membrane treatment will solve the thorny problem of infectious corneal ulcer in clinical practice.Objective to study the physiological characteristics of amniotic membrane, the timing of amniotic membrane transplantation, the surgical materials and the types of infectious bacteria so as to provide reference for the treatment of infectious corneal ulcer with amniotic membrane transplantation.

To summarize the nursing experience of a case of Descemet's membrane detachment after cataract surgery, Taking a patient in our department with complications of corneal posterior elastic layer detachment after senile cataract surgery as an example,To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of rare complications after cataract surgery. The main nursing measures include psychological nursing, pain nursing, postural nursing, prevention and nursing of postoperative complications, and detailed health education in perioperative period, including safety guidance, medication guidance and discharge guidance. Posterior elastic layer detachment of cornea, if not properly managed, will seriously affect the patient's vision recovery and quality of life.Medical staff should pay attention to the situation of corneal edema in patients after cataract surgery, and try to detect and intervene as early as possible to ensure patient safety and promote patient recovery. Due to the efficient operation of the day ward, patients stay in the day ward for a short time, especially for patients who do not plan to have a second operation,The department should arrange experienced senior responsible nurses to supervise.In the nursing process, we pay attention to humanistic care for patients, use multi-form and all-round health education, establish a good trust relationship with patients, improve the overall medical experience of patients, ensure patient safety, and promote patient rehabilitation. After careful treatment and personalized care, the patient's vision improved after discharge, the iOP was normal, and the posterior elastic layer of the cornea was well applied.

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common and frequently-occurring disease in pediatric ophthalmology. At present, most people think that its possible mechanism is due to the congenital dysplasia of lacrimal duct system, which usually manifests as membranous or bony obstruction at the end of nasolacrimal duct, or abnormal inferior nasal duct leads to obstruction of nasolacrimal duct, which makes the liquid in lacrimal sac stagnate, which can lead to bacterial proliferation and dacryocystitis. Congenital obstruction of nasolacrimal duct is the most common cause of overflow of tears and pus in infants, and it can also cause the attack of acute dacryocystitis. A small number of children can also show congenital dacryocystitis or congenital dacryocystocele. For those complicated with acute dacryocystitis or congenital dacryocystocele, ophthalmologists and pediatricians have no reference treatment standards, and lacrimal duct doctors have disputes about the concept and method of treatment for such diseases. Whether to probe immediately or wait for self-healing or stabilization before intervention, and long-term local medication and lacrimal sac massage may lead to family members' irritability and children's uncooperative. At present, there is no unified diagnosis and treatment standard for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction at home and abroad, and there are many disputes about the timing and anesthesia method of lacrimal duct exploration for children with congenital lacrimal duct obstruction. Therefore, this article reviews the treatment status and progress of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in order to provide reference for clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

The global problem of adolescent myopia is an increasingly serious public health problem. The incidence rate of myopia in East Asia is extremely high, which is particularly serious in China, and gradually presents a trend of younger age. During the growth process of adolescents, many factors can affect the development of myopia, among which intraocular pressure is highly correlated with myopia. This article mainly reviews the relationship between intraocular pressure and myopia to assist in guiding the treatment of myopia in adolescents.

Objective: To explore the application effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on patients with chronic dacryocystitis. Method: 200 patients with chronic dacryocystitis admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected for analysis. They were randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots. The study group received comprehensive nursing care, while the control group received routine nursing care. There were 100 patients in each group. The compliance, nursing quality, and length of hospital stay of the two groups were analyzed. Result: The compliance of patients in the study group was higher than that in the control group, P<0.05. The nursing quality in the study group was higher than that in the control group, P<0.05. The hospitalization time in the study group was shorter than that in the control group, P<0.05, indicating statistical significance between the groups. Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing can provide high-quality nursing guidance, shorten hospitalization time, improve nursing service compliance, and ensure the physical and mental health of patients in the perioperative intervention of chronic dacryocystitis. It is worth promoting and using.

Objective: To explore the risk factors for retinal holes(RH) in the fellow asymptomatic eye of patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: Retrospective research.A total of 124 unilateral primary RRD patients visited our hospital from July 2021 to December 2023,124 fellow asymptomatic eyes of which were included as the study subjects.They were divided into a lesion group (n=32) and a normal group (n=92) based on whether they had occurrence of RH.We compared the differences between two groups in age,course of disease,axial length,uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Differences in the proportion of lesions occurring in different laterality and genders were also compared.The binomial logistic regression method was used to further analyze the factors mentioned above,in order to identify the risk factors for the develment of lesions in the fellow asymptomatic eye. Results: The age and UCVA of the lesion group were lower than those of the normal group (all P<0.05),while in terms of disease duration,axial length,BCVA,there was no significant statistical difference between two groups(all P>0.05).The proportion of lesions occurring in the left eye is higher than that in the right eye (P<0.05).While was no significant statistical difference in the proportion of male and female lesions occurring.Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that laterality was a risk factor for lesion occurrence (P<0.05),and the OR value of lesion occurrence in the left eye relative to the right eye was 2.555. Conclusions: The occurrence of RH in the fellow asymptomatic eye of primary RRD patients varies among different age groups an laterality groups,but reveals no significant difference among different genders.The occurrence of lesions is not related to the length of the disease course,axial length,or visual acuity.The association bewteen axial length and RH remains unclarified.Laterality a risk factor for the occurrence of lesions,in fact,the risk of RH presence in the fellow eye of right eye RRD patients is 2.555 times higher than that of left eye RRD patients.

青光眼是一组以视盘萎缩凹陷、视野缺损以及视力下降为共同特征的视神经退行性疾病，也是世界首位不可逆性致盲眼病，导致患者生活质量降低、引起极大卫生经济负担。但其发病机制尚不明确，促进房水排出从而降低眼内压力仍是目前减缓疾病进展的唯一治疗手段。房水排出的主要途径是经由小梁网进入Schlemm’ s管最后汇入巩膜外静脉，因此小梁网在调节房水排出以及平衡眼内压力方面发挥重要作用。近年以来体内以及体外房水排出测量技术和小梁网成像技术不断突破，众多研究表明小梁网存在压力依赖的节律性搏动，在房水的脉冲式排出中起到关键作用，但在青光眼中这种搏动随疾病的进展减弱甚至消失。文章将以小梁网的泵理论为核心，总结青光眼中房水排出的最新研究进展，并从恢复小梁网功能的角度出发探索可能有效的治疗策略，为青光眼的临床诊治提供新的思路。

Objective: To investigate the safety of flexible laryngeal masks in the application of endoscopic ophthalmic ambulatory surgery. Methods: Adult patients undergoing endoscopic ophthalmic ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia from January 2023 to January 2024 was retrospectively analyzed to determine the success rate of using flexible laryngeal mask airway(FLMA); the changes in hemodynamics at T1 (entry into the operating room), T2 (after intubation), T3 (before surgery), and T6 (after surgery) time points and the respiratory parameters at T2 (after intubation), T4 (5 minutes after surgery), T5 (30 minutes after surgery), and T6 (after surgery) time points were analyzed; meanwhile, the complications during the PACU stay were also analyzed. Results: A total of 635 patients were included in the retrospective analysis, of whom 619 patients were initially used FLMA, FLMA were successfully inserted in 607 patients with a rate of 98.1% while 12 patients suffered insertion failure during the period of anesthesia induction. Importantly, none of patients displayed FLMA ventilation failure and required tracheal intubation during the period of surgery. General anesthesia via FLMA ventilation can provide high quality of surgical field for endoscopic ophthalmic surgery, as evidenced by stable heart rates and mean arterial pressure and no significant change in minute ventilation at each time points. All patients recovered uneventfully with a PACU stay time of 34.62±11.23 min and FLMA removal time of 14.36±4.38 min. None of patients exhibited subsequently endotracheal intubation after FLMA removal. Conclusion: FLMA with successful placement can be safely used for endoscopic ophthalmic ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia.

Purpose: To compare the bacterial distribution of patients with chronic dacryocystitis in southern China and northwest China, and clarify the geographical differences in the bacterial spectrum. Methods: This is a case-control study. From March 2022 to April 2024, patients diagnosed with chronic dacryocystitis in the ophthalmology department of a tertiary hospital in northwest China and in the south of China were included, and matched in age and gender. All patients underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy to obtain lacrimal sac secretions. Both samples were cultured with general bacteria and fungi, and compared the positive rate and composition ratio of bacterial culture between the two groups. Results: The positive rates of bacterial culture of lacrimal sac secretions in southern China and northwest China were 26.0% and 50.7%, respectively (P＜0.001). The composition ratios of Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli in southern region were 45.9% and 37.6%, respectively, while those in northwest regio