Objective: To investigate the effects of a compound Lycium barbarum fumigation formulation administered through ultrasonic nebulization on corneal status and tear film quality in a rat model of evaporative dry eye, providing experimental evidence for the clinical use of the compound Lycium barbarum fumigation formulation. Methods: Forty clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, sodium hyaluronate eye drops group, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nebulization group. Except for the control group, the remaining three groups were induced to develop the evaporative dry eye model using a mechanical method of blocking the meibomian glands. After successful modeling, the model group received no treatment, the sodium hyaluronate eye drops group received sodium hyaluronate eye drops three times daily (1 drop each time), and the TCM nebulization group received the compound Lycium barbarum fumigation formulation via nebulization twice daily for 20 minutes each time. Tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal injury score, tear pH value, and other indicators were observed before intervention, after 2 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks of intervention. Results: Tear film break-up time: After 2 days of TCM nebulization, the tear film break-up time was significantly prolonged in the TCM nebulization group and the sodium hyaluronate eye drops group compared to the model group (P<0.01). After 1 and 2 weeks, the tear film break-up time in the TCM nebulization group further increased compared to the model group and the sodium hyaluronate eye drops group (P<0.01). The effect of TCM nebulization treatment was most significant after 2 days, with BUT approaching the level of the control group. Corneal injury score: After 2 days of TCM nebulization, the corneal injury score significantly decreased, while there was no significant change in the sodium hyaluronate eye drops group. After 1 and 2 weeks, both the TCM nebulization group and the sodium hyaluronate eye drops group showed a significant reduction in corneal injury score (P<0.01), with the TCM nebulization group demonstrating a more significant improvement. Tear pH value: After 2 days of TCM nebulization, there was a significant decrease in tear pH value, while there was no significant change in the sodium hyaluronate eye drops group. After 1 and 2 weeks, the tear pH value continued to decrease in the TCM nebulization group, while there was no significant change in the sodium hyaluronate eye drops group. The effect of TCM nebulization treatment was most significant after 2 weeks, with a more significant decrease in tear pH value. Conclusion: TCM nebulization treatment with the compound Lycium barbarum fumigation formulation shows significant effects in alleviating ocular surface dysfunction, improving corneal injury scores, and reducing tear pH values, which are more significant compared to the sodium hyaluronate eye drops group.
Background Research innovations on disease screening, diagnosis, and management in ophthalmology have been boosted by deep learning (DL) in the last decade. To assess historical research trends and current advances, we conducted an artificial intelligence (AI)–human hybrid analysis of publications on DL in ophthalmology. Methods All DL-related articles in ophthalmology published between 2012 and 2022 from Web of Science were included. 500 high-impact articles annotated with key research information were used to fine-tune an LLM for reviewing medical literature and extracting information. After verifying the LLM's accuracy in extracting diseases and imaging modalities, we analyzed trend of DL in ophthalmology using 2535 articles. Results Researchers using LLM were 70% (p = 0.0001) faster than those who did not, while achieving comparable accuracy (97% versus 98%, p = 0.7681). The field has grown 116% annually, paralleling trends of the broader DL domain. The publications focused heavily on diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.0003), glaucoma (p = 0.0011), and age-related macular diseases (p = 0.0001) using retinal fundus photographs (FP, p = 0.0015) and optical coherence tomography (OCT, p = 0.0001). DL studies utilizing multimodal images have been growing, with FP and OCT combined being the most frequent. Furthermore, 43 publicly available ocular image datasets were summarized. Conclusion This study has characterized the landscape of publications on DL in ophthalmology, by identifying the trends and breakthroughs among research topics and the fast-growing areas. This study provides an efficient framework for combined AI–human analysis to comprehensively assess the current status and future trends in the field.
The vigorous development of digital ophthalmology technology has penetrated into all fields of ophthalmology and brought about major changes. This paper summarizes the research and development of leading-edge technology in ophthalmology, focusing on the breakthroughs and achievements of various technologies, focusing on the domestic but also looking at the world, and elucidating the status quo and achievements of global advanced ophthalmology technologies in recent years. For example, artificial intelligence can be applied to the accurate monitoring of many diseases, the efficient evaluation of high-incidence diseases, and the technical support of telemedicine, etc., which improves the accuracy and efficiency of screening, diagnosis, treatment and other links, reduces the burden of doctors, and shows great application potential; Other technologies such as digital imaging technology have also made leaps and bounds in surgical navigation and imaging diagnosis. 3D modeling and new machine learning technologies have contributed to surgical design and improved surgical success, providing more efficient and convenient services to patients with eye diseases around the world. In addition, digital ophthalmology technology also shows a diversified development trend, and multi-disciplinary communication, cross-use, collision of different sparks. Although many cutting-edge ophthalmic technologies are still in the initial stage of development, there is still a certain distance from the implementation of high coverage, and there are still many uncertainties in the accuracy and interpretability of algorithms, medical ethics, public acceptance, medical disputes, clinical technical challenges and other issues. But there is no doubt that with the increasing improvement of medical level, the above technology will be continuously improved and popularized.
To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy and safety of Ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) in the treatment of advanced glaucoma, particularly in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP), and reducing eye pain. Method: 14 patients (14 eyes) diagnosed with advanced glaucoma in our hospital from 2018 to 2020 were collected and underwent UCP procedures. IOP, pain grade scores and visual acuity after surgery were followed up. Result: the average IOP were statistically reduced (p<0.05) before and after surgery (43.7 ± 8.5 before surgery, 25.3 ± 8.2, 21.3 ± 9.6, 21.8 ± 8.7, 22.6 ± 7.3, 24.9 ± 7.1, 27.2 ± 6.2 at 1week, 1, 3, 6, 12, 36 years after surgery), with a decrease of over 30%. However, the IOP increased with the time. one eye's vision decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 due to cataract after surgery. The patient's pain was significantly reduced after surgery. Conclusion: UCP is safe and convenient surgery for delayed glaucoma, and has significant effect on reducing IOP, alleviating ocular pain.
Myopia, as one of the most common eye diseases, has seen a sharp rise in prevalence in recent years. The global number of myopia cases has reached 2 billion, and it is estimated to affect 50% of the global population by 2050. Proximal factors, intermediate factors, and distal factors collectively influence the onset of myopia, leading to significant differences in myopia prevalence across different regions and age groups. High-income countries in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific region have the highest prevalence of myopia, especially among adolescents. Treatment technologies for myopia include visual optical interventions, refractive surgeries, drug therapies, etc., providing diverse treatment options for myopia patients to help slow down its progression and improve vision problems. However, each treatment method has its limitations and risks, requiring careful selection and evaluation in clinical practice.
Lamellar macular hole associated preretinal hyperplasia membrane (LHEP) is considered to be the repair process of retinal tissue damage after the formation of lamellar macular hole (LMH). LMH with LHEP usually shows a non-progressive and stable state, but after long-term clinical follow-up, a few LMH develop to full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). It has been found that in the months or years before the formation of LMH, the contractile epiretinal membrane (ERM) and / or partially detached posterior vitreous body, or Cystoid macular edema (CME), lead to traction deformation of the macular fovea, and the central fovea results in structural destruction of the fovea or the formation of FTMH after traction stretching or cystic edema. The central concave configuration of LMH can be reconstructed spontaneously after transient attacks of CME and small FTMH. Therefore, traction ERM or incomplete posterior vitreous detachment in the formation of degenerative LMH may initially cause interlamellar damage of the retina, followed by the formation of LHEP,LHEP to help LMH maintain a long-term stable state. Whether vitreoretinal surgery is beneficial to both traction and degenerative subtypes is controversial. Some studies reported that visual acuity improved after treatment for both subtypes, while others described poor surgical results for degenerative LMH. The analysis of the visual and anatomical results of flat part vitrectomy for degenerative and tractive LMHs shows that the postoperative visual results are similar. This finding has important clinical significance and can prove that surgical treatment can also be performed in degenerative subtypes. However, the incidence of FTMH after degenerative LMH is still higher than that of traction LMH. Therefore, before surgical treatment of LMH, we should evaluate the type of LMH, evaluate the status of LHEP and traction ERM and vitreous body combined with OCT follow-up results, judge the stability of LMH, and carry out surgical intervention at an appropriate time, which may lead to better visual acuity.
Abstract: Visual function training is a non-surgical, personalized, and systematic physical therapy for visual impairments and visually related neurological abnormalities. This article reports a 7-year-old male patient with visual impairment who experienced reading difficulties, blurred vision, and blurred vision for more than 2 months. The final diagnosis was visual dysfunction, and the patient underwent continuous visual function training for three months. Currently, the patient's clinical symptoms have disappeared.
Abstract: Visual function training is a non-surgical, personalized, and systematic physical therapy for visual impairments and visually related neurological abnormalities. This article reports a 7-year-old male patient with visual impairment who experienced reading difficulties, blurred vision, and blurred vision for more than 2 months. The final diagnosis was visual dysfunction, and the patient underwent continuous visual function training for three months. Currently, the patient's clinical symptoms have disappeared.
