目的： 探讨EZ Prep清洗液替代二甲苯进行手工脱蜡制作特殊染色片的效果。 方法: 应用EZ Prep清洗液替代二甲苯脱蜡，选取中山大学中山眼科中心临床病理科石蜡标本100例进行回顾性研究，常规切片后切片一式两份，分别采用传统二甲苯和EZ Prep清洗液手工脱蜡后按实验室标准化操作流程进行特殊染色，并比较脱蜡时间和染色效果。 结果： EZ Prep清洗液手工脱蜡处理的切片在革兰氏染色(Gram's)、六胺银染色(GMS)、高碘酸-无色品红染色(PAS)、马松(Masson)三色染色、刚果红等多种特殊染色中的染色质量和二甲苯脱蜡处理的效果一致，两组间优良率比较差异无统计学意义(χ ² = 0. 33，P ＞ 0. 05)，且平均脱蜡时间由(33.0±2.7)min缩短至(7.2±1.1)min，加快了染色出片时间。结论：EZ Prep清洗液可以替代二甲苯在眼组织特殊染色中脱蜡，并具有脱蜡时间短、环保的优点，值得推广应用。

Objective: To investigate the effect of EZ Prep cleaning solution as an alternative to xylene for manual deparaffinization in the preparation of special staining slides. Methods: EZ Prep cleaning solution was utilized to replace xylene for deparaffinization in a retrospective study involving 100 paraffin-embedded specimens from the Clinical Pathology Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University. Routine sections were prepared and duplicated, with one set deparaffinized using traditional xylene and the other using EZ Prep cleaning solution. Subsequent special staining was performed following standardized laboratory protocols. Deparaffinization time and staining outcomes were compared. Results: Slides treated with EZ Prep cleaning solution for manual deparaffinization demonstrated staining quality comparable to xylene treatment across various special stains, including Gram's, GMS, PAS, Masson's trichrome, and Congo red. The difference in the excellent rate between the two methods is not statistically significant (χ ² = 0.33, P > 0.05). Moreover, the average deparaffinization time is significantly reduced from 33.0±2.7 minutes to 7.2±1.1 minutes, thereby speeding up the staining process. Conclusion: EZ Prep could replace xylene deparaffinized sections in special staining of ocular tissues with the advantages of shorter deparaffinized time and environmental protection, which is worthy of promotion and application.

视网膜静脉阻塞（Retinal Vein Occlusion, RVO）是导致视力损害的主要眼底疾病之一，常引发视网膜缺血、出血、液体渗漏和黄斑水肿，从而导致视力下降甚至永久丧失。目前，RVO继发黄斑水肿的主要治疗方法是玻璃体腔内注射抗血管内皮生长因子（Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF）药物。然而，RVO的病理机制不仅限于VEGF，还涉及血管生成素-2（Angiopoietin-2, Ang-2）的作用。在病理状态下，Ang-2通过破坏血管稳定性，诱导新生血管形成，并加剧炎症反应，进一步促进RVO的病程进展。法瑞西单抗（Faricimab）作为一种双特异性抗体药物，能够同时抑制VEGF-A和Ang-2这两条关键的病理通路，显示出在改善患者视力方面的潜在优势。文章对Faricimab在RVO治疗中的作用机制、临床应用、相关治疗药物对比及未来发展前景进行了详细论述，为其在眼科领域的进一步应用提供了理论依据和参考。

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the leading retinal diseases causing vision impairment and is often associated with retinal ischemia, hemorrhage, fluid leakage, and macular edema, ultimately resulting in decreased vision or even permanent vision loss. Currently, the primary treatment for RVO-associated macular edema is intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. However, the pathological mechanisms of RVO are not limited to VEGF alone, but also involve angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Under pathological conditions, Ang-2 disrupts vascular stability, induces neovascularization, and exacerbates inflammatory responses, thereby accelerating the progression of RVO. Faricimab, as a bispecific antibody, can simultaneously inhibit both VEGF-A and Ang-2 pathways, which are critical in RVO pathogenesis, and has shown potential advantages in improving visual outcomes. The article provides a detailed discussion on the mechanism of action, clinical applications, comparison with related therapeutic agents, and future development prospects of Faricimab in the treatment of RVO, offering a theoretical basis and reference for its further application in ophthalmology.

大部分眼科手术/操作具有创伤小、疼痛刺激轻等特点，因此，选择眼表面麻醉即可满足手术的镇痛的需要，促进了眼科日间手术的广泛开展。其中，盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液是常用的眼科表面麻醉剂，具有麻醉起效迅速、镇痛作用强、持续时间久(约13分钟)等特点，已经广泛应用在眼内手术中，在使用过程中，盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液对瞳孔及血管无影响，保证了眼内手术的安全。盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液能提供良好的眼表环境，对角膜厚度及角膜上皮厚度影响轻微，从而满足曲光手术的需要。此外，盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液能提供良好的术后镇痛，减少术后镇痛药物的使用，降低斜视术后患儿的躁动发生率。不含防腐剂的表面麻醉剂不影响麻醉剂的起效时间及镇痛效果，对眼表的影响轻微，从而创造良好的手术操作环境，提高手术效果，降低并发症和手术风险，是眼科手术中较为理想的表面麻醉药物。文章就盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液的作用机制及麻醉效果、药代动力学、临床疗效、安全性等进行综述。

Most ophthalmic surgeries are characterized by small incisions and mild pain, therein, the choice of topical anesthesia can meet the needs of surgeries and accelerate ophthalmic surgeries to be conducted in day surgery model. 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops is one of commonly used topical anesthetics for ophthalmic surgery, which has the characteristics of rapid onset and sufficient analgesia with long duration (about 13 minutes). Oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops has been widely and safely used in intraocular surgery without affecting the pupil and blood vessels. Meanwhile, oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops has negligible effects on corneal thickness and corneal epithelial thickness to meet the needs of refractive surgery. In addition, oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops can provide sufficient postoperative analgesia, reduce the use of postoperative analgesics and the incidence of emergence agitation in children after strabismus surgery. The preservative-free topical anesthetic would be one of ideal topical anesthetics as it can provide a good surgical condition and reduce complications and risks of post-operative infections without changing the onset time and analgesia effects. This article provides a review of the mechanism, analgesia, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops.

神经退行性疾病会损害大脑和神经系统的结构和功能，导致认知和行为能力逐渐下降，因此，早期诊断神经系统疾病可以促进预防、监测和治疗，从而改善患者的预后。眼与脑在结构和胚胎学上的相似之处为评估中枢神经系统的神经和微血管变化提供了潜在可能。眼组学是眼科学、遗传学和生物信息学的交叉学科，目标是开发快速、无创、具有成本效益的生物标志物，用于全身性疾病的筛查、诊断和风险分层。随着诊断和眼科成像技术的进步，用于检测眼的结构、功能和视觉变化的各项技术得到了快速发展。眼部生物标志物成为评估神经退行性疾病进展有前景的工具。文章采用眼部影像学（例如 OCT、OCTA）和电生理学（例如 VEP、ERG）等筛查方法检测眼部异常神经退行性疾病，总结了眼组学在神经退行性疾病的应用，包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、额颞叶痴呆、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和亨廷顿病，旨在为神经退行性疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的思路。尽管并非所有生物标志物都是疾病特异性的，但未来大数据、人工智能和眼组学的融合，有可能进一步深入了解这些神经退行性疾病。

Neurodegenerative diseases can damage the structure and function of the brain and nervous system, leading to a gradual decline in cognitive and behavioral abilities. Therefore, early diagnosis of neurological diseases can promote prevention, monitoring, and treatment, thereby improving the prognosis of patients. The structural and embryological similarities between the eyes and the brain provide potential for evaluating neurological and microvascular changes in the central nervous system. oculomics is an interdisciplinary field that combines ophthalmology, genetics, and bioinformatics, with the goal of developing rapid, non-invasive, and cost-effective biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and risk stratification of systemic diseases. With the advancement of diagnostic and ophthalmic imaging technologies, various techniques for detecting the structure, function, and visual changes of the eye have been rapidly developed. Eye biomarkers have become promising tools for assessing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The article uses screening methods such as eye imaging (such as OCT, OCTA) and electrophysiology (such as VEP, ERG) to detect abnormal neurodegenerative diseases in the eyes. It summarizes the application of oculomics in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease, aiming to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Although not all biomarkers are disease-specific, the integration of big data, artificial intelligence, and oculomics in the future may further deepen our understanding of these neurodegenerative diseases.