广州双生子眼病研究（The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study, GTES）是一项针对中国南方双胞胎人群的长期队列研究，通过15年纵向随访数据，系统解析了遗传与环境因素对近视的影响。研究证实，眼轴长度与视网膜周边屈光度具有高度遗传性，且教育负担的加重是近视进展的核心环境驱动因素。GTES基于1291对双生子数据建立了近视预测模型，为近视早期筛查与干预提供科学依据。此外，该研究还探讨了遗传因素和环境因素对近视发展的共同影响。本文基于GTES研究的主要结论，以期为公共卫生策略和临床实践提供更有力的科学依据，以遏制全球近视流行的趋势。

The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study (GTES) is a cohort of twins living in South China that has been longitudinally followed for more than 15 years. This study has extensively investigated the heritability of myopia and the influence of environmental factors, producing significant and far reaching impacts. GTES has found a high heritability of axial length and peripheral refraction, the significant role of education in myopia progression, and established a prediction model for myopia onset and progression. The study has also explored the impact of both genetic and environmental factors on myopia development. By reviewing the major findings on myopia from the GTES, we hope to better inform public health strategies and clinical practices aimed at mitigating the global myopia epidemic.