综述

近视疾病经济负担研究进展

Research progress on the economic burden of myopia

:700-707
 
据统计,目前全球有近14亿近视人口,近视已成为全球主要的健康问题。近视不仅影响个人的视力健康,还可能引发多种严重的并发症,如高度近视相关的黄斑变性和视网膜脱离等,严重时可导致失明。除了对个人健康的影响,近视还带来了巨大的经济负担,包括直接医疗成本(如眼镜、隐形眼镜、矫正手术等费用)和间接成本(如生产力下降、学习能力降低和生活质量的下降)。在中国,近视的问题尤其显著,近视患病率居高不下,这不仅对个人健康构成威胁,也对社会和经济造成重大影响。国际上,近视的经济负担研究涵盖了医疗直接成本、患者时间成本及生产力损失等方面,可以帮助政府和卫生部门了解近视疾病的经济影响,从而制定合理的公共卫生政策和资源分配策略,优化医疗资源使用,减少社会成本。该文从近视疾病经济负担的构成及其测算方式、国内外经济负担现况等方面对近视疾病经济负担进行简要综述,旨在提供一个关于近视疾病经济负担的综合性认识,指出当前研究的方向和成果,以及预防近视和减轻其经济负担的重要性,为未来研究提供方向和基础。
It is estimated that there are nearly 1.4 billion myopic people in the world, and myopia becomes a significant global health problem. Myopia not only affects visual health, but also leads to serious complications such as macular degeneration and retinal detachment, which can cause blindness in severe cases. Apart from its impact on health, myopia also imposes a substantial economic burden. This burden includes direct medical costs (e.g., expenses for eyeglasses, contact lenses, and corrective surgeries) as well as indirect costs (e.g., reduced productivity, learning abilities, and quality of life). The prevalence of myopia is particularly high in China, posing a threat not only to individual health, but also to society and the economy. International studies on the economic burden of myopia have examined the direct medical costs, patient time costs and productivity loss. These studies help governments and health authorities understand the economic impact of myopia to develop effective public health and resource allocation strategies.. By optimizing medical resources and reducing social costs, these measures aim to alleviate the economic burden. This article provides an overview of the economic burden of myopia, including its definition, measurement, current status at home and abroad, and the importance of prevention and alleviation. It also highlights the current research directions and findings, to provide focusing fields and foundations for future research.
病例报告

双眼 Terson 综合征一例

Binocular Terson syndrome: a case report

:646-651
 
Terson综合征又称蛛网膜下腔出血合并玻璃体积血综合征,是一种较为罕见的眼科疾病。患者多因颅内出血而存在意识障碍、沟通困难,极易漏诊,错过最佳治疗时机。该文报道了一例30岁男性患者,因弥漫蛛网膜下腔出血,突发昏迷,于发病1个月后出现双眼视物模糊,最终确诊为双眼Terson综合征,并行双眼玻璃体切割术及右眼视网膜前膜剥膜术治疗。术后54 d,患者左眼视力由指数/5 cm恢复至矫正视力0.3。术后19 d,患者右眼视力由手动/20 cm恢复至矫正视力0.12。
Terson syndrome, also known as subarachnoid hemorrhage combined with vitreous hemorrhage syndrome, is a relatively rare ophthalmic condition. Patients mostly have impaired consciousness and communication difficulties due to intracranial hemorrhage, which makes it very easy to miss the diagnosis and the best time for treatment. This article reports the basic case of a 30-year-old male patient with sudden coma due to diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. And he had blurred vision in both eyes 1 month later, which was finally diagnosed as binocular terson syndrome. He was treated with vitrectomy in the left eye and vitrectomy + anterior retinal detachment surgery in the right eye. The visual acuity of patient was restored from finger count/5cm to corrected visual acuity of 0.3 in the left eye when 54 days after surgery and from manual/20 cm to corrected visual acuity of 0.12 in the right eye when 19 days postoperative.
论著

基于医院小儿眼科常见病种分析儿童眼科药物临床试验现状

Analysis of the current situation of clinical trials of ophthalmic drugs in children based on the common diseases of pediatric ophthalmology in hospital

:408-415
 

目的:结合医院小儿眼科常见病种调研国内儿童眼用制剂药物临床试验开展现状,为儿童眼用制剂药物临床试验的发展提供参考。方法:基于国家药物临床试验登记与信息公示平台和医院信息系统,结合郑州市第二人民医院儿童眼科病种,分析儿童眼科药物临床试验开展情况。 结果:医院门诊就诊患者以屈光不正最多(占68.49% ),其次是结膜炎(占11.25%),再次是斜视(占8.60%)。平台共检索到相关临床试验165项,儿科专用药物临床试验25项,其中延缓青少年近视方面试验24个,小儿结膜炎试验1个,其他病种药物临床试验检测结果为0;药物临床试验中以I期和Ⅲ期临床试验为主;延缓青少年近视方面试验已完成试验8项,其他都在进行中。结论:儿童眼科疾病的药物治疗尚有巨大的临床需求未满足,直接关系到了儿童健康权益保障与生命安全维护。当前国内儿童眼用制剂研发呈现企业参与度低、创新动力不足的现状,其核心制约因素在于项目少、难度大、涉及更多的伦理问题。建议通过政产学研协同创新,系统性推进儿童眼用制剂的研发进展,切实解决我国儿童眼病治疗用药难的问题,为儿童视觉健康提供有力保障。

Objective:Combined with the common diseases of pediatric ophthalmology in our hospital, the current situation of clinical trials of ophthalmic preparations for children in China was investigated to provide reference for the development of clinical trials of ophthalmic preparations for children in China. Methods:Based on the national drug clinical trial registration and information publicity platform and hospital information system, combined with the pediatric ophthalmic diseases in our hospital, the development of pediatric ophthalmic drug clinical trials was analyzed. Results:Among the outpatients in our hospital, ametropia was the most common ( 68.49 % ), followed by conjunctivitis ( 11.25 % ) and strabismus ( 8.60 % ). A total of 165 clinical trials and 25 clinical trials of pediatric drugs were retrieved from the platform, including 24 trials on delaying juvenile myopia, 1 trial on pediatric conjunctivitis, and 0 clinical trial on other diseases. Drug clinical trials were mainly phase I and phase III clinical trials. Eight trials have been completed to delay juvenile myopia, and others are in progress. Conclusions:There is still a huge clinical demand for the drug treatment of children 's eye diseases, which is directly related to the protection of children 's health rights and life safety. At present, the research and development of children 's ophthalmic preparations in China presents the current situation of low enterprise participation and insufficient innovation motivation. The core constraints are fewer projects, greater difficulty, and more ethical issues. It is suggested to systematically promote the research and development of ophthalmic preparations for children through the collaborative innovation of government, industry, university and research, so as to effectively solve the problem of difficult medication for children 's eye diseases in China and provide a strong guarantee for children 's visual health.
综述

眼表的微环境及其调节机制

The ocular surface microenvironment and its regulatory mechanisms

:491-498
 
眼表是一个复杂且精细的系统,包括角膜、泪膜和结膜等多个结构。作为眼部直接与外界接触的部分,眼表不仅负责起着保护眼睛的作用,还在视觉功能中扮演着至关重要的角色。眼表微环境(ocular surface microenvironment,OSM)的平衡对眼睛的健康至关重要,任何微环境的失衡都可能引发多种眼表疾病,如干眼症、角膜炎等。随着现代人群生活方式的改变,视屏终端综合征(Visual Display Terminal,VDT)发生率急剧上升,破坏了OSM的平衡,导致眼表疾病的发病率大大升高,特别是干眼症的发病率显著增加,严重影响了患者的生活质量,因此,深入研究维持OSM稳态的调节机制以及探索有效的治疗策略显得尤为紧迫。近年来,研究突破了传统的解剖学框架,揭示了OSM的多系统协同调控机制,为维持眼表微环境稳态提供了新的思路。神经、淋巴、免疫系统之间相互调节,不仅有助于深入挖掘眼表疾病的关键分子和信号通路,还为发现新的生物标志物以及潜在治疗靶点提供了新的方向。因此,本文章系统综述了近年来OSM调节机制的最新进展,重点讨论神经、淋巴和免疫调节在维持OSM稳态中的作用,并分析三者之间的相互影响,以期为眼表疾病的预防及诊疗提供新的思路。
The ocular surface is a complex and sensitive system composed of includes various structures including the cornea, tear film and conjunctiva. As the part of the eye directly exposed to the external environment, the ocular surface not only protects the eye, but also plays a vital role in vision. The balance of the ocular surface(OSM) is essential for eye health, and any disruption can lead to ocular surface diseases, such as dry eye and keratitis. With the evolving lifestyle of the modern population, the incidence of Visual Display Terminal (VDT) syndrome has significantly increased, disturbing the OSM balance and leading to a rise in ocular surface diseases, particularly dry eye disease, which severely impacts patients' quality of life. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct comprehensive research into the regulatory mechanisms that maintain OSM homeostasis and explore effective therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have moved beyond traditional anatomical frameworks, uncovering the multi-system coordinated regulatory mechanisms of OSM, providing new insights into maintaining ocular surface homeostasis. The interplay between the nervous, lymphatic, and immune systems not only helps identify key molecules and signaling pathways involved in ocular surface diseases but also offers new opportunities for discovering novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. This article presents a systematic review of the latest advancements in OSM regulatory mechanisms, focusing on the roles of nervous, lymphatic, and immune regulation in maintaining OSM homeostasis and analyzing the interactions among these systems, with the goal of offering new insights for the prevention and treatment of ocular surface diseases.
论著

基于 OpenFDA 数据库的盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液不良反应信号检索与分析

Retrieval and analysis of cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops related adverse drug reaction signals based on OpenFDA

:331-339
 

目的:利用美国食品药品监督管理局公共数据开放项目(OpenFDA)检索并分析盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液药品不良反应adverse drug reactionsADRs的报告情况,为临床安全用药提供参考 方法: 盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液作为检索词,在OpenFDA数据库中检索200411日至202481日期间盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液相关ADRs的所有信息,对检索到的数据进行分析。 结果:共检索到盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液相关ADRs 11851185患者中,剔除性别不详,女性男性分别为516和48343.54% vs 40.76%;剔除年龄不详后,ADRs发生率较高的是65~<80患者221例,18.65%50~<65患者176例,14.85%3~<13患者140例,11.81%)。盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液发生率较高ADRs眼器官疾病(767例,64.73%神经系统疾病(254例,21.43%及胃肠系统疾病(228例,19.24% 结论:盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液可发生眼局部和全身ADRs临床在使用时应详细询问患者疾病史和用药史,加强用药监护,提高患者用药的安全性。

Objective: To retrieve and analyze adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops on the US Food and drug Administration Public Data Open Project (OpenFDA), so as to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods: Using "Cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops" as the search term, retrieve all information related to ADRs of cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops from the OpenFDA database from January 1, 2004 to August 1, 2024, and analyze the retrieved data  Results: A total of 1 185 cases of ADRs associated with cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops were found. Among the 1185 patients, 516 were female and 483 were male ( 43.54 % vs 40.76 % ) after excluding the unknown gender. After excluding patients with unknown age, the incidence of ADRs was higher in patients aged 65~ < 80 years old ( 221 cases, 18.65 % ), 50~< 65 years old ( 176 cases, 14.85 % ), and 3~ < 13 years old ( 140 cases, 11.81 % ). The ADRs with high incidence of cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops were ocular organ diseases ( 767 cases, 64.73 % ), nervous system diseases ( 254 cases, 21.43 % ) and gastrointestinal system diseases ( 228 cases, 19.24 % ). Conclusions: Cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops can cause local and systemic adverse reactions. In clinical use, the patient 's disease history and medication history should be asked in detail, and medication monitoring should be strengthened to improve the safety of patient medication.

论著

双眼 Terson 综合征一例

Bilateral Terson syndrome: a case report

:-
 
Terson综合征又称蛛网膜下腔出血合并玻璃体积血综合征,是一种较为罕见的眼科疾病。患者多因颅内出血而存在意识障碍,沟通困难,极易漏诊,错过最佳治疗时机。该文报道了一例30岁男性患者,因弥漫蛛网膜下腔出血,突发昏迷,于发病1个月后出现双眼视物模糊,最终确诊为双眼Terson综合征,并行双眼玻璃体切割术及右眼视网膜前膜剥膜术治疗。术后54 d,患者左眼视力由指数/5 cm恢复至矫正视力0.3。术后19 d,患者右眼视力由手动/20 cm恢复至矫正视力0.12。
Terson syndrome, which is also defned as subarachnoid hemorrhage combined with vitreous hemorrhage syndrome, is a relatively rareeye disease. Due to intracranial hemorrhage, patients with this disease usually experience consciousness disorders and communication difculties, so that it is easy to to miss the diagnosis and the optimal time for treatment. This article reports a case of a 30-year-old male patient with sudden coma due to diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. He felt blurred in both eyes 1 month afer the onset, and was diagnosed as binocular terson syndrome ultimately. He underwent bilateral vitrectomy and anterior retinal membrane detachment surgery in the right eye. Te patient visual acuity was restored from fnger count/5cm to 0.3 corrected visual acuity in the lef eye when 54 days afer surgery, and his visual acuity was from manual/20 cm to 0.12 corrected visual acuity in the right eye when 19 days afer surgery.
论著

单眼发作的原发性急性房角关闭双眼生物学参数差异

Difference of ocular biometric parameters between acute primary angle closure eyes and the fellow eyes

:413-419
 
目的:比较单眼发作的原发性急性房角关闭(acute primary angle closure,APAC)患者发作眼与未发作眼眼部生物学参数的差异,分析急性房角关闭发作的可能危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2020年3月中山眼科中心青光眼科222例45岁以上单眼发作的APAC病例。排除双眼发作、另眼有发作史及晶状体源性、外伤性等继发因素。A超测量晶状体厚度、眼轴长度,超生生物显微镜测前房深度。对单眼发作APAC患者的发作眼与未发作眼眼轴长度、前房深度、晶状体厚度、晶状体相对位置等进行统计学分析。结果:患者发作年龄为(62.57±9.14)岁。发作眼与未发作眼前房深度分别为(1.75±0.27) mm和(1.88±0.31) mm,眼轴长度分别为(22.34±0.80) mm和(22.35±0.83) mm,晶状体厚度分别为(5.14±0.38) mm和(5.17±0.42) mm,晶状体相对位置分别为0.195和0.198。发作眼前房深度较浅,晶状体相对位置较靠前,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001),发作眼的眼轴长度、晶状体厚度较未发作眼差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。APAC发作年龄较小(45~59岁)的患者双眼眼轴均短于发作年龄较大(60~69、70岁以上)的患者;发作年龄70岁以上患者双眼前房深度均较浅,双眼晶状体相对位置均较靠前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明APAC发作年龄较小的患者双眼眼轴均较短(P<0.001)。结论:APAC发作眼的前房较浅、晶状体相对位置靠前。短眼轴、女性与不同个体的APAC发作相关。浅前房、晶状体厚、晶状体相对位置靠前可能是高龄人群APAC发作的危险因素。
Objective: To compare the ocular biometric parameters between the acute primary angle closure (APAC) eyes and the fellow eyes as well as the risk factors associated with APAC. Methods: From January 2008 to March 2020,222 monocular APAC patients over 45 years old from the Glaucoma Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively studied. Patients with binocular attack, previous attack in the fellow eyes, and secondary factors such as lens-induced and traumatic glaucoma were excluded. Ocular biometric parameters including axial length (AL) and lens thickness (LT) were measured with A-scan ultrasound, while the anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured by ultrasonic biological microscope. AL, ACD, LT and relative lens position (RLP) were compared between the APAC and the fellows eyes. Results: The average age of onset was (62.57±9.14) years. The ACD was (1.75±0.27) and (1.88±0.31) mm, AL was (22.34±0.80) and (22.35±0.83) mm,LT was (5.14±0.38) and (5.17±0.42) mm, and the RLP was 0.195 and 0.198 for the APAC and the fellow eyes,respectively. Compared with the fellow eyes, the ACD of the APAC eyes was shallower, and the RLP was more anterior (both P<0.001), while the differences of AL and LT were not statistically significant (both P>0.05).Furthermore, AL of patients with a younger age of onset (aged 45 to 59 years) was shorter than that of those with an older age of onset (aged 60 to 69 or over 70 years); patients with an onset age of over 70 years have shallower ACD and more anterior RLP, all statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, correlation analysis indicated that younger onset age was significantly correlated to shorter axial length of APAC eyes (P<0.001). Conclusion:APAC eyes had shallower ACD and more anterior RLP. Shorter AL and female were associated with APAC attack between individuals. Shallower ACD, thicker lens and more anterior RLP are potential risk factors for APAC among aged population.
论著

单眼发作的原发性急性房角关闭双眼生物学参数差异

Difference of ocular biometric parameters between acute primary angle closure eyes and the fellow eyes

:413-419
 
目的:比较单眼发作的原发性急性房角关闭(acute primary angle closure,APAC)患者发作眼与未发作眼眼部生物学参数的差异,分析急性房角关闭发作的可能危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2020年3月中山眼科中心青光眼科222例45岁以上单眼发作的APAC病例。排除双眼发作、另眼有发作史及晶状体源性、外伤性等继发因素。A超测量晶状体厚度、眼轴长度,超生生物显微镜测前房深度。对单眼发作APAC患者的发作眼与未发作眼眼轴长度、前房深度、晶状体厚度、晶状体相对位置等进行统计学分析。结果:患者发作年龄为(62.57±9.14)岁。发作眼与未发作眼前房深度分别为(1.75±0.27) mm和(1.88±0.31) mm,眼轴长度分别为(22.34±0.80) mm和(22.35±0.83) mm,晶状体厚度分别为(5.14±0.38) mm和(5.17±0.42) mm,晶状体相对位置分别为0.195和0.198。发作眼前房深度较浅,晶状体相对位置较靠前,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001),发作眼的眼轴长度、晶状体厚度较未发作眼差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。APAC发作年龄较小(45~59岁)的患者双眼眼轴均短于发作年龄较大(60~69、70岁以上)的患者;发作年龄70岁以上患者双眼前房深度均较浅,双眼晶状体相对位置均较靠前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明APAC发作年龄较小的患者双眼眼轴均较短(P<0.001)。结论:APAC发作眼的前房较浅、晶状体相对位置靠前。短眼轴、女性与不同个体的APAC发作相关。浅前房、晶状体厚、晶状体相对位置靠前可能是高龄人群APAC发作的危险因素。
Objective: To compare the ocular biometric parameters between the acute primary angle closure (APAC) eyes and the fellow eyes as well as the risk factors associated with APAC. Methods: From January 2008 to March 2020, 222 monocular APAC patients over 45 years old from the Glaucoma Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively studied. Patients with binocular attack, previous attack in the fellow eyes, and secondary factors such as lens-induced and traumatic glaucoma were excluded. Ocular biometric parameters including axial length (AL) and lens thickness (LT) were measured with A-scan ultrasound, while the anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured by ultrasonic biological microscope. AL, ACD, LT and relative lens position (RLP) were compared between the APAC and the fellows eyes. Results: The average age of onset was (62.57±9.14) years. The ACD was (1.75±0.27) and (1.88±0.31) mm, AL was (22.34±0.80) and (22.35±0.83) mm, LT was (5.14±0.38) and (5.17±0.42) mm, and the RLP was 0.195 and 0.198 for the APAC and the fellow eyes, respectively. Compared with the fellow eyes, the ACD of the APAC eyes was shallower, and the RLP was more anterior (both P<0.001), while the differences of AL and LT were not statistically significant (both P>0.05). Furthermore, AL of patients with a younger age of onset (aged 45 to 59 years) was shorter than that of those with an older age of onset (aged 60 to 69 or over 70 years); patients with an onset age of over 70 years have shallower ACD and more anterior RLP, all statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, correlation analysis indicated that younger onset age was significantly correlated to shorter axial length of APAC eyes (P<0.001). Conclusion: APAC eyes had shallower ACD and more anterior RLP. Shorter AL and female were associated with APAC attack between individuals. Shallower ACD, thicker lens and more anterior RLP are potential risk factors for APAC among aged population.
其他期刊
  • 眼科学报

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
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  • Eye Science

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
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