眼睑基底细胞癌(basal cell carcinoma of eyelid, BCC)是眼附属器中最为常见的恶性肿瘤，近年来，其全球发病率呈持续上升趋势，且患者发病年龄有明显年轻化的倾向，这不仅增加了疾病的公共卫生负担，也对临床防治策略提出了更高要求。本文综述了眼睑BCC在诊疗领域的最新研究进展。在诊断方面，除传统组织病理学检查外，皮肤镜、反射共聚焦显微镜(reflectance confocal microscope, RCM)和光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography, OCT)等新技术的应用不仅显著提升了诊断灵敏度与特异度，更在肿瘤亚型鉴别和边界描绘方面展现出独特优势。在分子机制研究方面，代谢组学揭示了眼睑BCC存在显著的代谢重编程，包括脂质代谢、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD)代谢、多胺代谢以及葡萄糖代谢等多条代谢通路的异常活化。更为前沿的空间代谢组学技术则将代谢信息与组织空间位置相结合，进一步验证了磺酸、羟基吡啶硫酮等特异性代谢物在肿瘤发生发展中的潜在生物标志物价值。治疗方面，除了传统手术治疗之外，放射治疗的技术革新，以及针对Hedgehog信号通路的靶向药物及免疫抑制剂等免疫疗法的突破，为晚期/转移性患者带来了革命性的治疗转机。文章旨在为未来的眼睑BCC预防和治疗策略提供新的见解，并为临床医生提供新的诊疗思路。

Eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most prevalent malignant tumor of the ocular adnexa, has seen a steady rise in global incidence, accompanied by a notable trend toward earlier onset. This trend not only exacerbates the public health burden but also imposes greater demands on clinical strategies for prevention and management. This article reviews the latest research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of eyelid BCC. In diagnostic practice, alongside conventional histopathological examination, the incorporation of novel technologies—such as dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT)—has markedly enhanced diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, while offering distinct advantages in tumor subtype differentiation and margin assessment. Metabolomic analyses reveal pronounced metabolic reprogramming in eyelid BCC, with aberrant activation of lipid, NAD, polyamine, and glucose metabolism. Spatial metabolomics further supports the biomarker potential of metabolites such as taurine and pyrithione in tumor initiation and progression. Beyond conventional surgery, advances in radiotherapy, targeted Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, and immunotherapies have created new opportunities for advanced or metastatic eyelid BCC. This review highlights emerging strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, offering clinicians fresh perspectives for patient management.

目的：探讨眼睑基底细胞癌在控制性切除联合眼睑一期修复的疗效。方法：通过对 47 例经病理诊断为眼睑基底细胞癌患者行控制性切除联合眼睑一期修复手术治疗，对其疗效进行回顾性分析。结果：术后修复皮瓣均成活，眼睑功能良好，随访 4 个月~10 年，期间无复发及转移病例。结论：对于眼睑部的基底细胞癌，采用显微控制下切除肿瘤联合一期修复的手术方法提高了患者的治愈率，同时最大限度地保留了眼睑的正常组织，达到了保持眼睑功能和美容的双重目的。

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of controlled excision combined with eyelid reconstruction in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma of eyelids. Methods: Clinical data of 47 patients pathologicall diagnosed with eyelid basal cell carcinoma were treated by controlled excision combined with eyelid reconstruction were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All skin flaps survived after operation, and the eyelid function was excellent. No recurrence or metastasis occurred during the follow-up. Conclusion: For basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids, controlled excision combined with eyelid reconstruction can improve the cure rate, and retain the normal tissues of the eyelid as much as possible, which both maintains eyelid function and improves cosmetic appearance.