近年来，脂质代谢紊乱与眼科疾病关系密切。体外研究和临床前模型显示，高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein，HDL)及其主要蛋白成分载脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1，apoA1)对内皮细胞具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡作用，对血管具有强大的保护作用。ApoA1模拟肽能够模拟apoA1功能，且分子质量更小，前景非常乐观。而动物实验及人体试验均证实了模拟肽D-4F口服使用的安全性及有效性，因此目前研究最为广泛。目前来说，对于apoA1及其模拟肽在眼科疾病的研究中属于萌芽阶段。本文总结了apoA1及其模拟肽的结构，及其在眼科疾病如视光学、角膜病、玻璃体视网膜疾病中的研究进展，为apoA1及其模拟肽在眼科的进一步研究及开发利用提供参考。

The recent researches indicate that the disorder of lipid metabolism is closely related to ophthalmic diseases.In vitro studies and preclinical studies have shown that high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its main structural protein apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) have superior efficacy in blood vessel protection, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects on endothelial cells. Prospect of the ApoA1 mimetic peptide is very optimistic as it can mimic the function of apoA1, and its molecular weight is smaller. The safety and efficacy of oral use of mimetic peptide D-4F have been confirmed in both animal experiments and clinic trials. Thus, it had been extensively studied. In this paper, we reviewed the structure of apoA1 and its mimetic peptide, as well as their  researches related to ophthalmic diseases, such as optometry, corneal diseases and vitreoretinal diseases, so as to provide reference to further researches in apoA1 and its mimetic peptide in the of ophthalmic diseases.