目的：分析某三甲眼科专科医院近5年临床诊疗涉及非手术常规血液检验项目的申请检测情况，为眼科医师了解检验辅助诊断概况、专科医院的实验室项目管理和开展新项目提供依据。方法：从中山大学中山眼科中心医学检验信息管理系统导出2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间到院申请进行血液检测的12 866例门诊患者的22 453份样本(共94 081项检验项目)相关检验记录。将申请检测科室及专科医师按照中华医学会眼科学分会推荐分为10个亚专科，对疾病诊断和检测项目等资料进行统计分析，采用文字、柱状图及折线图的形式进行描述。结果：5年间申请进行血液检测的12 866例门诊患者，男性患者6 356例(49.4%)，女性患者6 510例(50.6%)。基于首诊眼病诊断分类，排名前三位的眼病分别为眼整形/眼肿瘤病5 214例 (40.5%)、眼底病 3 487例(27.1%)、角膜病1 711例(13.3%)。申请检测样本量从2018年的3 163份增至2022年的5 903份，总体呈上升趋势。从申请的专科医师分析，眼整形/眼眶病专科医师申请单最多，有6 751份(占30.1%)，其中自身免疫性疾病检测所占比例最高，为49.1%，甲状腺疾病相关检测占41.9%；眼免疫专科医师申请检测量为4 214份(占18.8%)，以自身免疫性疾病检测为主占55.7%，感染性项目检测占32.5%；眼底病专科医师申请检测量为3 629份(16.2%)，其中自身免疫性疾病检测和感染性项目检测分别占47.8%和39.6%；角膜病专科医师申请数为1 436份(占6.4%)，其中过敏性疾病检测比例为41.2%。基于一份申请单可同时检测多个项目，眼整形/眼眶专科申请检测总项最多，有33 513项，甲

状腺疾病检测占65.0%；角膜病专科申请16 482项，过敏性疾病检测占83.4%，眼底病专科和眼免疫专科分别为8 794项和8 047项，均以自身免疫性疾病检测为主，分别占42.5%和40.4%。结论：眼科专科医院中非手术常规检验项目在各亚专科的申请数量明显分布不均，项目构成受亚专科疾病特点的影响。眼科实验室应针对性加强非手术常规检测项目的宣传和管理。

Objective: To analyze the application and testing of non-surgical routine blood test items in clinical diagnosis and treatment in a top-tier ophthalmic hospital over the past five years, providing ophthalmologists with insights into the overview of laboratory-assisted diagnosis, laboratory project management in specialized hospitals, and the basis for launching new projects. Methods: Relevant test records of 22,453 samples (totaling 94,081 test items) from 12,866 outpatient patients who applied for blood tests at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, were retrieved from the medical laboratory information management system. The departments applying for tests and specialist physicians were divided into 10 subspecialties according to the recommendations of the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Statistical analysis was performed on disease diagnosis and test items, and the results were described in the form of text, bar graphs, and line graphs. Results: Among the 12,866 outpatient patients who applied for blood tests over the five-year period, 6,356 (49.4%) were male and 6,510 (50.6%) were female. Based on the classification of first-visit ophthalmic diseases, the top three were ophthalmic plastic surgery/ocular tumor diseases (5,214 cases, 40.5%), fundus diseases (3,487 cases, 27.1%), and corneal diseases (1,711 cases, 13.3%). The number of samples applied for testing increased from 3,163 in 2018 to 5,903 in 2022, showing an overall upward trend. From the perspective of specialist physicians applying for tests, ophthalmic plastic surgery/orbital disease specialists had the highest number of applications, with 6,751 (30.1%), among which autoimmune disease testing accounted for the highest proportion, at 49.1%, and thyroid disease-related testing accounted for 41.9%. The number of applications from ophthalmic immunology specialists was 4,214 (18.8%), with autoimmune disease testing accounting for 55.7% and infectious disease testing accounting for 32.5%. The number of applications from fundus disease specialists was 3,629 (16.2%), with autoimmune disease testing and infectious disease testing accounting for 47.8% and 39.6%, respectively. The number of applications from corneal disease specialists was 1,436 (6.4%), with allergic disease testing accounting for 41.2%. Since multiple tests could be performed on a single application, the ophthalmic plastic surgery/orbital disease subspecialty had the highest total number of tests applied for, with 33,513 tests, of which thyroid disease testing accounted for 65.0%. The corneal disease subspecialty applied for 16,482 tests, with allergic disease testing accounting for 83.4%. The fundus disease subspecialty and ophthalmic immunology subspecialty respectively applied for 8,794 and 8,047 tests, both primarily focused on autoimmune disease testing, accounting for 42.5% and 40.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The number of applications for non-surgical routine test items in ophthalmic specialized hospitals is significantly unevenly distributed among various subspecialties, and the composition of the items is influenced by the characteristics of diseases in each subspecialty. Ophthalmic laboratories should strengthen the promotion and management of non-surgical routine test items in a targeted manner.

随着移植技术逐年发展，异基因造血干细胞移植患者的生存期延长，长期并发症成为影响患者预后及生活质量的主要原因。眼移植物抗宿主病是异基因造血干细胞移植术后最常见的眼部并发症，发生率可高达50%以上。根据发病时间可分为急性及慢性眼移植物抗宿主病，临床上最常以慢性炎症及眼表组织纤维化为特点，主要表现为干眼和不同程度的角结膜炎，治疗较为棘手，可不同程度影响患者视觉质量及生活质量，严重可致盲。近年来眼移植物抗宿主病越来越受到国内外学者重视，其发病机制、临床特点、诊断及治疗相关研究逐渐深入，文章针对眼移植物抗宿主病的临床诊疗新进展进行综述。总体而言，眼移植物抗宿主病早期识别仍较为困难，早期诊断策略有待进一步探索。目前治疗对眼移植物抗宿主病的效果较为有限，或缺乏充足的循证医学证据，临床上缺乏针对不同严重程度及疾病活动度的分级诊疗策略，未来有待进一步探索新的治疗靶点及疾病活动监测指标，将有助于改善患者长期预后及生活质量。

Despite advancements in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation techniques leading to improved overall survival rates, long-term complications have emerged as the primary contributors to poor prognosis and diminished quality of life. Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD), a prevalent complication affecting over 50% of patients post-transplantation, frequently manifests as refractory dry eye, often accompanied by keratoconjunctivitis. Patients with oGVHD routinely suffer from visual impairment and a decline in their quality of life.Currently, research into the mechanisms, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of oGVHD has progressively deepened. This article reviews the latest advancements in the clinical diagnosis and management of oGVHD. Notably, there is a pressing need for strategies focused on early diagnosis and treatment, as early recognition of oGVHD remains challenging. Existing treatments for oGVHD either exhibit limited efficacy or lack robust clinical evidence to support their use as the best available options.Further research is imperative to develop tiered diagnostic and treatment approaches, including the exploration of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for disease detection. Such endeavors hold the promise of enhancing patients' long-term prognosis and quality of life.