年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration, AMD)是老年人视力丧失的主要原因之一，其中新生血管性AMD (neovascular AMD, nAMD)以其进展迅速、严重损伤视力的特点，成为全球眼科研究的焦点。随着人口老龄化加剧，nAMD的疾病负担日益沉重，对其发病机制的深入研究和有效治疗策略的探 索迫在眉睫。近年来，高通量组学技术的蓬勃发展为解析nAMD复杂的分子病理机制提供了前所未有的机遇。基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学以及多组学整合分析，不仅有助于深入挖掘疾病相关的关键分子、通路和网络，也为发现新的生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点提供了新的视角。文章系统综述了近年来分子组学技术在nAMD研究中的最新进展，重点关注不同组学方法在各类生物样本研究中 的发现，分析多组学整合在揭示疾病机制和筛选生物标志物方面的优势，以期为该领域的未来研究提供参考。

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in elderly population. Among its subtypes, neovascular AMD (nAMD) has become a global focus in ophthalmological research due to its rapid progression and severe vision impairment. With the acceleration of population aging, the disease burden of nAMD is increasingly heavy, making it urgent to conduct in-depth research on its pathogenesis and explore effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, the rapid development of high-throughput omics technologies has provided unprecedented opportunities to decipher the complex molecular pathological mechanisms of nAMD. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and multi-omics integration analyses have not only helped to deeply explore disease-related key molecules, pathways, and networks but also provided new perspectives for discovering novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in molecular omics technologies in nAMD research, focusing on findings from different omics approaches across various biological samples, and analyzes the advantages of multi-omics integration in revealing disease mechanisms and screening biomarkers, aiming to provide references for future research in this field.

Myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) can cause severe visual impairment in highly myopic patients. We review the randomized trials of two approved pharmacotherapy for treating mCNV, including intravitreal injections of ranibizumab and afl ibercept. These two vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists show superior ability to improve vision and reduce macular thickness, comparing with sham injections or verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT). There is no severe ocular or systemic adverse reaction reported in studies associated with ranibizumab and afl ibercept for mCNV. Prompt treatment with these agents can lead to a better outcome.

Myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) can cause severe visual impairment in highly myopic patients. We review the randomized trials of two approved pharmacotherapy for treating mCNV, including intravitreal injections of ranibizumab and afl ibercept. These two vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists show superior ability to improve vision and reduce macular thickness, comparing with sham injections or verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT). There is no severe ocular or systemic adverse reaction reported in studies associated with ranibizumab and afl ibercept for mCNV. Prompt treatment with these agents can lead to a better outcome.

目的：观察羊膜移植手术对于减少碱烧伤后角膜新生血管的疗效。

方法：回顾性病例对照研究。2006－2010 年期间该院收治的 Ⅲ 度角膜碱烧伤的患者 19 例 23 眼，其中行羊膜移植术（治疗组）11 例 13 眼，未行羊膜移植术（对照组）8 例 10 眼。该两组的年龄和手术外的处理基本匹配。伤后 3 d 治疗组行羊膜移植术。分别在伤后 14、60 d 测量各组角膜新生血管面积。应用 SPSS 12.0 统计学软件将此两组的面积进行配对 t 检验，以 P < 0.05 作为差异有统计学意义。

结果：在烧伤后 14 d 治疗组新生血管面积（62.133 ± 8.571）mm²，明显低于对照组（89.561 ± 9.741）mm²，治疗组较对照组减低 30.6%，两组差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。烧伤后 60 d 治疗组新生血管面积（112.019 ± 17.362）mm²，明显低于对照组（129.481 ± 13.534）mm²，治疗组较对照组减低 13.5%，两组差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。

结论：羊膜移植术能明显抑制碱烧伤所致角膜新生血管的生长。

Purpose: To study the curative effect of amnion membrane transplantation on decreasing corneal neovascularization (CNV) induced by alkali burn.

Methods: It was a non-randomized retrospective case-control study. Among 19 cases (23 eyes) of third-degree alkali burns from 2006 to 2010, 11 cases (13 eyes) were performed with amnion membrane transplantation operation, and others were not. Amnion membrane transplantation was performed at the 3^rd day after burn in the treatment group. Ages and treatments beyond surgery of double groups were matched. Areas of CNV in double groups were measured at the 14^th day and 60^th day after burn.

Results: Area of CNV in the treatment group was (62.133 ± 8.571) mm² at the 14^th day after burn, and was 30.6% lower than that in the control group. Area of CNV in the treatment group was (112.019 ± 17.362) mm² at the 60^th day after burn, and was 13.5% lower than that in the control group. There was statistical significance (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Amnion membrane transplantation operation can inhibit the growth of corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burn. 

To report the case of a patient who presented with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) as the first sign of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS). A 25-year-old woman presented with recent onset of decreased vision and metamorphopsia in the right eye. The results of fundoscopic examination, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were compatible with a diagnosis of idiopathic CNV, which was treated with one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Five years later, the patient returned complaining of photopsia and decreased vision in the same eye. The fundoscopic examination showed typical signs of MEWDS. After 3 months, recurrence of CNV was observed in the same eye. In conclusion, idiopathic CNV might be the only manifestation of a subclinical occurrence of MEWDS. In this case, it was followed by a recurrence of MEWDS and subsequent reactivation of CNV. 

To report the case of a patient who presented with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) as the first sign of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS). A 25-year-old woman presented with recent onset of decreased vision and metamorphopsia in the right eye. The results of fundoscopic examination, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were compatible with a diagnosis of idiopathic CNV, which was treated with one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Five years later, the patient returned complaining of photopsia and decreased vision in the same eye. The fundoscopic examination showed typical signs of MEWDS. After 3 months, recurrence of CNV was observed in the same eye. In conclusion, idiopathic CNV might be the only manifestation of a subclinical occurrence of MEWDS. In this case, it was followed by a recurrence of MEWDS and subsequent reactivation of CNV. 

The present study reports a case of a patient with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). We observed the functional and anatomical improvement of the patient treated with intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor bevacizumab. The study also systematically searched the database for similar cases to provide a literature review. Data concerning the clinical features, treatment strategies and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Retrospective interventional case report and systematic literature review. A 56-year-old healthy Chinese woman with CNV secondary to PXE was reported. Examinations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and digital fundus photography. The patient managed with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections (bevacizumab 1.25 mg/0.05 mL). The Cochrane Library, PubMed, OVID, and UpToDate databases were searched using the term pseudoxanthoma elasticum or Gr?nblad-Strandberg syndrome with the limits English. Articles that predated the databases were gathered from current references. Fundus examination revealed angioid streaks bilaterally and CNV in left eye (LE). After the patient underwent three intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, the LE showed absorption of the subretinal fluid and shrinkage of the CNV. Visual acuity (VA) was improved in her treated LE. Bevacizumab treatment was well tolerated with no adverse events reported. Approximately ten articles about 45 patients (49 eyes) describing CNV secondary to angioid streaks in PXE treated with anti-VEGF were found in the literature search. In the present case, bevacizumab of an initial three injection loading dose, achieved maintenance of visual function in the treatment of CNV associated with angioid streaks in PXE. Literature articles concluded that the intravitreal application of anti-VEGF is highly efficient for improving and stabilizing the lesion as well as the eyesight. So we believe that anti-VEGF therapy can be a great choice of treatment for CNV secondary to angioid streaks related PXE.

The present study reports a case of a patient with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). We observed the functional and anatomical improvement of the patient treated with intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor bevacizumab. The study also systematically searched the database for similar cases to provide a literature review. Data concerning the clinical features, treatment strategies and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Retrospective interventional case report and systematic literature review. A 56-year-old healthy Chinese woman with CNV secondary to PXE was reported. Examinations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and digital fundus photography. The patient managed with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections (bevacizumab 1.25 mg/0.05 mL). The Cochrane Library, PubMed, OVID, and UpToDate databases were searched using the term pseudoxanthoma elasticum or Gr?nblad-Strandberg syndrome with the limits English. Articles that predated the databases were gathered from current references. Fundus examination revealed angioid streaks bilaterally and CNV in left eye (LE). After the patient underwent three intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, the LE showed absorption of the subretinal fluid and shrinkage of the CNV. Visual acuity (VA) was improved in her treated LE. Bevacizumab treatment was well tolerated with no adverse events reported. Approximately ten articles about 45 patients (49 eyes) describing CNV secondary to angioid streaks in PXE treated with anti-VEGF were found in the literature search. In the present case, bevacizumab of an initial three injection loading dose, achieved maintenance of visual function in the treatment of CNV associated with angioid streaks in PXE. Literature articles concluded that the intravitreal application of anti-VEGF is highly efficient for improving and stabilizing the lesion as well as the eyesight. So we believe that anti-VEGF therapy can be a great choice of treatment for CNV secondary to angioid streaks related PXE.

A 45-year-old female presented with typical features of posterior scleritis in her left eye with visual acuity of 20/252. After treatment with oral steroids and immunosuppressive drugs, at 2 months follow-up, posterior scleritis resolved and visual acuity improved to 20/50. Five months later she presented with vision loss (20/160) associated with active choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) close to scar. Significant choroidal thinning (subfoveal choroidal thickness =137 microns), compared to fellow eye (subfoveal choroidal thickness =247 microns) was noted. Two doses of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) were given at 1 month interval. At 9 months follow-up, her visual acuity was maintained at 20/160 with scarred CNVM. In conclusion, IVB is safe and efficacious in treatment of inflammatory CNVM secondary to posterior scleritis. Choroidal changes after posterior scleritis could be contributory factor for formation of CNVM.

A 45-year-old female presented with typical features of posterior scleritis in her left eye with visual acuity of 20/252. After treatment with oral steroids and immunosuppressive drugs, at 2 months follow-up, posterior scleritis resolved and visual acuity improved to 20/50. Five months later she presented with vision loss (20/160) associated with active choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) close to scar. Significant choroidal thinning (subfoveal choroidal thickness =137 microns), compared to fellow eye (subfoveal choroidal thickness =247 microns) was noted. Two doses of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) were given at 1 month interval. At 9 months follow-up, her visual acuity was maintained at 20/160 with scarred CNVM. In conclusion, IVB is safe and efficacious in treatment of inflammatory CNVM secondary to posterior scleritis. Choroidal changes after posterior scleritis could be contributory factor for formation of CNVM.

目的：比较水合氯醛和阿佛丁两种药物对小鼠的麻醉作用以及不同激光能量对脉络膜新生血管造模成功率的影响。方法：24只C57/BL6小鼠随机分为3组，分别予以200，300和400 mW的532 nm激光进行视网膜光凝；每组再按1:1分为2个亚组，随机使用4.3%水合氯醛或1.2%阿佛丁进行小鼠腹腔注射麻醉。在激光光凝后第4，7，1 0和1 4天进行视网膜荧光素造影(Fundus Fluorescein Angiography，FFA)、SD-OCT检查，在第1 4天时对脉络膜行IB4染色检查。结果：阿佛丁和水合氯醛诱导小鼠进入麻醉时间长分别为(120±30) s和(150±45) s，持续时间分别为(30±15) min和(50±20) min，差异均有统计学意义(均P=0.0001)；发生不可逆性白内障的比率分别为2/24和1/24，麻醉导致的死亡数分别为1和0只，差异均无统计学意义(P =0.551，P =0.300)。200，300和400 mW三个激光能量组的造模成功率分别为9.38%，37.5%和93.75%，差异有统计学意义(P=0.0001)。FFA显示：造模成功的小鼠在4 d时荧光素渗漏达到高峰，随后荧光素溢漏的面积逐渐减小。结论：与阿佛丁相比，水合氯醛对小鼠的麻醉维持时间长且不会增加病死率和不可逆性白内障的发生率；400 mW的532 nm激光能量是诱发CNV的较好设置。

Objective: To compare the narcotic effects of chloral hydrate and avertin in mouse models and the success rate of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model establishment with different energy hierarchy of laser. Methods: Twenty-four mice were randomized into 3 groups, the 532 nm laser was used with different power levels of 200, 300 and 400 mW for each group. In each group, the chloral hydrate was used for 4 mice and avertin for the other 4 mice at random. On day 4, 7, 10 and 14, all mice were tested by the fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), SD-OCT, and the choroid was stained with the isolectin B4 conjugated AF488 on day 14. Results: The anesthesia induction time of avertin and chloral hydrate was (120±30) s and (150±45) s, and the duration of anesthesia was (30±15) min and (50±20) min, the differences were statistically significant (all P=0.0001); the incidence of irreversible cataract of avertin models and chloral hydrate models was 2/24 and 1/24, the number of death in two models was 1 and without statistical significance (P=0.551, P=0.300). With the increase of laser energy, the success rate of experiments was also gradually increased, from 9.38%, 37.5% to 93.75% (P=0.0001) in 200, 300 and 400 mW group, respectively. According to the results of FFA, the peak of fluorescence leaking was at day 4 after the laser burning, and was gradually reduced. Conclusion: Compared with avertin chloral hydrate can improve the duration of anesthesia without increasing the risk of cataract and mortality. As for the 532 nm laser, the 400 mW energy could be an optimal parameter for the laser-induced CNV.