眼表菌群是定植于眼表的各种微生物群落，以细菌为主。在正常情况下，眼表菌群与人体眼表组织的细胞和平共生，维持眼表的稳态，共同保证眼表的健康。但在环境改变或免疫力低下的情况下，眼表菌群会发生变化，与眼部疾病的产生与发展关系密切，对人类的健康造成巨大的危害。随着组学研究的不断发展，我们对眼表菌群有了新的认识，为眼表疾病的发病机制、治疗开辟了新的思路，同时也提出了新的挑战。本文对国内外眼表菌群与疾病关系进行综述，为眼表疾病的发生、发展以及治疗提供参考。

The microbiome of the ocular surface consists of various microbial communities that colonize on the eye surface, mainly bacteria. The stabilization of the microbiome and the other ocular surface components plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface. However, unpredictable changes of ocular surface microbiome are strongly associated with ocular surface diseases in the situation of environmental changes or destruction of immune system. With the innovation of inspection technology, the current gene sequencing technology is applied to detect the ocular surface microbiome and confirm that the eye microbiome is closely related to ocular surface diseases. This paper investigates the corelation of ocular surface microbiomes and diseases. Moreover, we provide areference for the occurrence and development of ocular surface diseases and their treatment.

越来越多的证据表明，空气污染可严重损害人体健康，成为全球疾病负担的主要原因。并且污染空气中的主要成分空气颗粒物可渗透到肺部和心血管系统，引起缺血性心脏病、肺炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病甚至肺癌，导致空气污染相关的发病率和死亡率升高。城市颗粒物作为城市居住人群面临的主要空气污染问题，被证实与多种炎症性眼表疾病密切相关，如过敏性结膜炎、角膜炎、干眼等。高浓度城市颗粒物暴露还会引起睑板腺病理性结构改变和功能异常，诱发炎性睑板腺功能障碍。文章综述了城市颗粒物相关的眼表疾病类型及其致病机制的最新研究，旨在阐明空气污染对于眼表组织的损害和相应的潜在治疗靶点，指导临床上环境相关眼病的诊断与治疗。

More and more evidence indicate that air pollution can seriously damage human health and become a major cause of the global disease burden. The main component of air pollution, particulate matter, can penetrate the lungs and cardiovascular system, causing ischemic heart disease, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and even lung cancer, leading to an increase in the incidence and mortality rates related to air pollution. Urban particulate matter, as the main air pollution problem faced by urban residents, has been shown to be closely related to various inflammatory eye diseases, such as allergic conjunctivitis, keratitis, and dry eye. Our research further confirms that exposure to high concentration of urban particulate matter can also cause pathological structural changes and functional abnormalities in the meibomian gland, leading to inflammatory meibomian gland dysfunction. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research on the eye surface diseases related to urban particulate matter and their pathogenic mechanisms, aims to elucidate the damage of air pollution to eye surface tissues, identify potential therapeutic targets, and guide the diagnosis and treatment of environmentally related eye diseases in clinical practice.

目的：分析新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间实时面对面线上教学(以“腾讯会议”教学为例)在医学教育中的利弊及其与医学生眼表疾病的相关性，为改进线上教育方案、预防干眼提供依据。方法：以中南大学湘雅医学院本科学生为研究对象，采用横断面研究的方法，使用问卷星收集数据，研究实时面对面线上教学的效果及对眼表疾病的影响。结果：共收集到131份有效数据，绝大多数学生(84.73%)认为实时面对面线上教学是有效的，96.18%的学生认为实时面对面线上教学达到或部分达到了学习的目的，但是实时面对面线上教学的师生互动与课堂氛围有待加强，另外网络设备问题也是实时面对面线上教学需要面对的问题。同时，调查显示实时面对面线上教学参与学生的干眼患病率达66.41%，家庭所在地、家庭人均月收入、使用设备、是否全程专注听课与干眼患病率之间无相关性。结论：新型冠状病毒疫情期间实时面对面线上教学在医学教育中是有效的，但是师生互动不足、课堂氛围不够活跃、网络连接不稳定是其主要问题。此外，实时面对面线上教学会增加干眼的发病率，需要提高护眼意识，积极预防。

Objective: To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of real-time face-to-face online teaching (taking “Tencent Conference” teaching as an example) in medical education and its correlation with ocular surface diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to provide basis for improving online education programs and preventing dry eye. Methods: The undergraduate students of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University were selected as the research objects. The method of cross-sectional study was used to collect data using questionnaires to study the effect of real-time face-to-face online teaching and its impact on ocular surface diseases. Results: A total of 131 valid data were collected. Among them, the vast majority of students (84.73%) think real time face to face online teaching is effective, and 96.18% of the students believe that real-time face-to-face online teaching at least partly achieved the purpose of learning. However, the interaction between teachers and students and the classroom atmosphere of real-time face-to-face online teaching needs to be strengthened. In addition, network equipment is also a problem that real-time face-to-face online teaching needs to face. Meanwhile, the survey showed that the prevalence rate of dry eye among the students who participated in real-time face-to-face online teaching reached 66.41%, and there was no correlation between the incidence rate of dry eye and the location of family, the per capita monthly income of family, the equipment, and whether they paid full attention to the lectures. Conclusion: Real-time face-to-face online teaching is effective in medical education during COVID-19, but the main problems are insufficient teacher-student interaction, inactive classroom atmosphere and unstable Internet connection. In addition, real-time face-to face online teaching will increase the incidence of dry eye, so it is necessary to improve the awareness of eye protection and actively prevent it.