教学查房是手把手教学的重要手段和具体表现，是让同学们把书本知识应用到医疗诊疗中的重要桥梁。眼科学具有形象生动、结构复杂、直观性和操作性强等特点。外眼疾病的特征更是显而易见，针对外眼疾病诊疗中的一些不规范的操作也更易暴露出来。本文以上睑下垂为例，旨在阐明教学查房在外眼疾病教学中的重要性。

Teaching rounds are an important means and concrete manifestation of hands-on teaching, and an important bridge for students to apply book knowledge to medical diagnosis and treatment. Ophthalmology has the characteristics of vivid image, complex structure, intuition and strong operability. The characteristics of external eye diseases are more obvious, and some non-standard operations in the diagnosis and treatment of external eye diseases are easier to expose. This article takes blepharoptosis as an example to illustrate the importance of teaching rounds in the teaching of external eye diseases.

目的：观察和评价改良联合筋膜鞘(combined fascial sheath，CFS)悬吊术治疗复发性上睑下垂的可行性和临床效果。方法：纳入2017年3月至2020年3月于河北省眼科医院眼整形门诊就诊的26例复发性重度上睑下垂患者(32只眼)，均采用改良CFS悬吊术予以矫正。术后随访1年，分别于术后1个月、3个月、6个月及1年时复诊，对患者术后上睑缘中点到角膜反光点的距离(marginal reflex distance-1，MRD1)、眼皮折皱深度、长度、弧度和并发症等情况为主要观察指标给予记录和效果评估。结果：26例患者共32只患眼，临床治愈27只眼(84.4%)，改善4只眼(12.5%)，无效1只眼(3.1%)，对1只无效眼术后6个月进行再次调整，调整后达到临床治愈标准。1例出现结膜脱垂，经过药物与加压包扎治疗后结膜脱垂症状消失，无暴露性角膜炎或其他并发症发生病例。结论：改良CFS悬吊术矫正复发性重度上睑下垂，具有操作简单、创伤小、治疗效果确切、并发症少等优点，值得临床推广与应用。

Objective: To observe and evaluate the feasibility and clinical effect of modified combined fascial sheath (CFS) suspension on the treatment of recurrent severe blepharoptosis. Methods: A total of 26 patients (32 eyes) with recurrent severe ptosis treated in Hebei Eye Hospital from March 2017 to March 2020 were included. All patients were corrected by modified CFS suspension. The patients were followed up for 1 year, and returned to the hospital at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year respectively. The marginal reflex distance-1 (MRD1), eyelid crease depth, length, radian, and complications were recorded as the main observation indexes and the effect was evaluated. Results: In the 32 eyes of 26 patients, 27 eyes (84.4%) were completely corrected, 4 eyes (12.5%) were improved, while 1 eye (3.1%) had no improvement, the invalid eye was adjusted again 6 months after operation, and reached the effective standard after adjustment. Conjunctival prolapse occurred in 1 case, and the symptoms of conjunctival prolapse disappeared after the treatment with drugs and pressure dressing, and no case of exposure keratitis or other complications occurred. Conclusion: Modified combined fascial sheath suspension is an effective method on the treatment of recurrent severe blepharoptosis with the advantages of simple operation, less trauma, definite therapeutic effect, and fewer complications, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

上睑下垂是眼整形科最常见的疾病之一，由于儿童处于生长发育阶段的特殊性，不规范的诊疗不仅会影响外观，同时可能会导致视功能发育迟缓。目前关于儿童先天性上睑下垂的手术时机和手术方式的选择尚无统一的标准和共识，本文通过对儿童先天性上睑下垂分类细化，阐明合并不同原因导致弱视的患者手术时机的选择；对比不同手术方式，分析其原理及优缺点，进一步明确矫正重度儿童先天性上睑下垂的手术方式，以期规范儿童先天性上睑下垂手术时机和手术方式的选择，提高手术的成功率，减少弱视的发生。

Blepharoptosis is one of the most common diseases in oculoplastics. Due to the particularity of children in the stage of growth and development, non-standard diagnosis and treatment not only affect the appearance,but also lead to the retardation of visual function development. Currently, there are no uniform standards and consensus on the choice of surgical timing and methods for pediatric congenital blepharoptosis. Here through refined classification of congenital blepharoptosis, we try to elucidate the choice of surgical timing for congenital blepharoptosis patients combined with amblyopia caused by a variety of reasons. By comparing different surgical methods, we analyze their mechanisms and advantages, and illustrate the surgical indication for severe congenital blepharoptosis, so as to standardize the choice of surgical timing and methods for pediatric congenital ptosis,improve the surgical success rate, and reduce the occurrence of amblyopia.