Objective: To study characteristics of the posterior vitreous liquefaction at early stage using wide-field en face swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Method: SS-OCT was used to capture 18*18mm cube scanning, a series of vitreous en face structure images were created and analyzed in 70 enrolled eyes of healthy juveniles (age range, 5-18 years). Result: In juveniles, there were four types of preretinal vitreous liquefaction structures: the posterior precortical vitreous pocket (PPVP), the preoptic area of Martegiani (AM), the prevascular vitreous fissure (PVF), and the cistern. The PPVP, AM, and PVF were detected in all study eyes, with 22 eyes (31.4%) showing the connection between PPVP and AM. Cistern was detected in 41 eyes (58.6%), with an average age older than that of individuals without cistern (P=0.01). The presence of cistern was positively correlated with age (r=0.315; P=0.008). The quadrant distribution frequency of cistern was supertemporal (90.2%), superior nasal (58.5%), infratemporal (36.6%), infranasal (24.4%), and the superotemporal cisterns were predominately noted (P<0.001). Conclusion: PPVP, AM, and PVF consistently presented in the posterior vitreous liquefaction at early stage. The occurrence of cistern was positively correlated with age and in the superotemporal quadrant more frequently, which might be the result of age-related vitreous liquefaction degeneration. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the study of the pathogenesis of vitreoretinal interface diseases.

Abstract: Four challenging and unusual retinal cases: (I) 11-year follow-up for retinal hemangioblastoma with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease; (II) treatment for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC)—observation, half does photodynamic therapy (PDT) or micropulse laser photocoagulation; (III) diagnosis and treatment for a child with optic nerve defect; (IV) the optional treatment for retinal detachment (RD) with iridolenticular choroidal coloboma, were presented and discussed by three international retinal specialists at a retinal clinical round in Fundus Diseases Center of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC). The discussion helps us a better understanding of the pathogenesis and managements of these four retinal diseases and their association with systemic conditions.