Objective: To investigate and analyze the refractive status of primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou City, and to understand the epidemiological characteristics of screening refractive errors among primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou City. Methods: Using the cross-sectional research method, primary and secondary school students from 47 schools in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province from April to December 2021 were selected as survey subjects by random stratified sampling method. Taking school as a unit, international standard visual acuity chart was used to check the eyesight and non-cycloplegia computerized autorefractor was used for refractive examination. Visual acuity ≥5.0 is considered normal; whereas visual acuity <4.8 is considered as poor vision. Poor vision is further divided into: short-sightedness with myopic spherical equivalent ≥0.75 DS; long-sightedness with telephoto spherical equivalent ≥+2.00 DS; astigmatism with cylinder mirror equivalent ≥1.00 DC; anisometropia with the difference of diopters between the two eyes (spherical equivalent) ≥1.00 DS. The percentage of the survey subjects with different refractive status in different grades were compared. Results: A total of 40 302 subjects were enrolled, including 21 328 males and 18 974 females. There were 37 938 Han and 2 364 ethnic minorities; 26 122 elementary, 9 346 middle and 4 834 high schools. The total detection rate of low visual acuity was 59.1% (23 832/40 302), and 48.8% (12 748/26 122) in primary school, junior middle school and senior high school, 76.9% (7 189/9 346) and 87.9% (4 250/4 834), respectively. The total detection rate of myopia was 63.3% (25 521/40 302), among which, the detection rate of screening myopia in primary school, middle school and high school was 51.4% (13 438/26 122), 84.4% (7 888/9 346) and 86.8% (4 195/4 834), respectively. The detection rates of screening low visual acuity, hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and anisometropia were statistically significant in low, middle and high grades (all P<0.001). Conclusion: The detection rate of low vision and myopia among primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou is higher than the national average, and the detection rate increases gradually with the increase of grades.

Corneal refractive surgery is currently main stream of refractive surgery. With the development of femtosecond and laser surgery, the surgery has become safer and more accurate, resulting in less corneal trauma and a shorter postoperative recovery time. In recent years, biomechanics research has rapidly progressed, and its clinical application has gradually increased. The cornea not only possesses refractive properties but also exhibits typical biological soft tissue mechanical properties. Corneal mechanical properties not only play a role in maintaining corneal morphology but also influence the outcome and prognosis of corneal surgery, especially refractive surgery, and are closely related to the occurrence and development of some corneal diseases. Corneal refractive surgery involves cutting the cornea according to the patient's diopter, which disrupts the integrity of the cornea and inevitably affects its biomechanical stability. Changes in corneal biomechanics are associated with various factors, such as preoperative corneal morphology, the selection of different surgical methods, and postoperative changes in corneal thickness. However, the self-morphology changes caused by surgery are irreversible. If the postoperative changes in corneal biomechanics are significant, it may lead to complications such as postoperative corneal dilation and secondary keratoconus. To avoid postoperative iatrogenic corneal dilation and guide personalized surgical choice, it is crucial to understand the limits of influence of corneal biomechanical properties. This article reviews the research progress regarding corneal biomechanical properties and changes associated with corneal refractive surgery.

Myopia is considered among the most serious global public health issues, particularly in East Asia. The growing prevalence of myopia adds significant socioeconomic burden, and high myopia may lead to irreversible vision loss. Lifestyle changes entail dramatic changes in light exposure patterns, which may contribute to the onset and progression of myopia. Exploring how refractive error changes under various light conditions may help researchers develop myopia prevention strategies. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the relationship between myopia and light exposure, potential light-mediated molecular and physiological mechanisms, and myopia management strategies.

Corneal refractive surgery is the mainstream of refractive surgery at present. With the development of femtosecond and laser surgery, the surgery has become safer and more accurate, with less corneal trauma and shorter postoperative recovery time. In recent years, biomechanics research has developed rapidly, and its clinical application has gradually increased. Cornea not only has refractive properties, but also has typical biological soft tissue mechanical properties. Corneal mechanical properties not only participate in the maintenance of corneal morphology, but also affect the outcome and prognosis of corneal surgery, especially refractive surgery, and are closely related to the occurrence and development of some corneal diseases. Corneal refractive surgery cuts the cornea according to the patient's diopter, which destroys the integrity of the cornea and inevitably affects the biomechanical stability of the cornea. The changes of corneal biomechanics are related to various factors such as preoperative corneal morphology, selection of different surgical methods and postoperative corneal thickness changes. However, the changes of corneal self-morphology caused by surgery are irreversible. If the postoperative changes of corneal biomechanics are large, it may lead to postoperative corneal dilation, secondary keratoconus and other complications. In order to avoid postoperative iatrogenic corneal dilation and guide personalized surgical choice, it is important to understand the limits of influence of corneal biomechanical properties. This article reviews the research progress of corneal biomechanical properties and changes of corneal refractive surgery.

Corneal refractive surgery is the mainstream of refractive surgery at present. With the development of femtosecond and laser surgery, the surgery has become safer and more accurate, with less corneal trauma and shorter postoperative recovery time. In recent years, biomechanics research has developed rapidly, and its clinical application has gradually increased. Cornea not only has refractive properties, but also has typical biological soft tissue mechanical properties. Corneal mechanical properties not only participate in the maintenance of corneal morphology, but also affect the outcome and prognosis of corneal surgery, especially refractive surgery, and are closely related to the occurrence and development of some corneal diseases. Corneal refractive surgery cuts the cornea according to the patient's diopter, which destroys the integrity of the cornea and inevitably affects the biomechanical stability of the cornea. The changes of corneal biomechanics are related to various factors such as preoperative corneal morphology, selection of different surgical methods and postoperative corneal thickness changes. However, the changes of corneal self-morphology caused by surgery are irreversible. If the postoperative changes of corneal biomechanics are large, it may lead to postoperative corneal dilation, secondary keratoconus and other complications. In order to avoid postoperative iatrogenic corneal dilation and guide personalized surgical choice, it is important to understand the limits of influence of corneal biomechanical properties. This article reviews the research progress of corneal biomechanical properties and changes of corneal refractive surgery.

Objective: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of atropine on myopia control in Chinese children. Method: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, WanFang Data, VIP and CNKI databases were searched by computer to collect the studies on atropine control of myopia in children from the establishment of the database to May 2023. After literature screening, data extraction and the risk of bias in the included studies were evaluated by two researchers, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: A total of 32 studies were included, including seven different concentrations of atropine versus placebo. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo, 0.01% atropine had a significant effect on the change of equivalent sphericity [MD=0.39, 95%CI (0.26,0.52), P < 0.05], and significantly reduced ocular axial length increment [MD = 0.18, 95% CI (0.24, 0.12), P < 0.05). Among other concentrations, 0.02% atropine, 0.05% atropine and 1% atropine all had better effect on myopia control. Conclusions: The available evidence showed that 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05% and 1% atropine had better effects on the control of myopia in children than placebo.

Objective: To investigate and analyze the refractive status of primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou City, and to understand the epidemiological characteristics of screening refractive errors among primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou City. Methods: Using the cross-sectional research method, primary and secondary school students from 47 schools in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province from April to December 2021 were selected as survey subjects by random stratified sampling method. Taking school as a unit, international standard visual acuity chart was used to check the eyesight and non-cycloplegia computerized autorefractor was used for refractive examination. Visual acuity ≥5.0 is considered normal; whereas visual acuity <4.8 is considered as poor vision. Poor vision is further divided into: short-sightedness with myopic spherical equivalent ≥0.75 DS; long-sightedness with telephoto spherical equivalent ≥+2.00 DS; astigmatism with cylinder mirror equivalent ≥1.00 DC; anisometropia with the difference of diopters between the two eyes (spherical equivalent) ≥1.00 DS. The percentage of the survey subjects with different refractive status in different grades were compared. Results: A total of 40 302 subjects were enrolled, including 21 328 males and 18 974 females. There were 37 938 Han and 2 364 ethnic minorities; 26 122 elementary, 9 346 middle and 4 834 high schools. The total detection rate of low visual acuity was 59.1% (23 832/40 302), and 48.8% (12 748/26 122) in primary school, junior middle school and senior high school, 76.9% (7 189/9 346) and 87.9% (4 250/4 834), respectively. The total detection rate of myopia was 63.3% (25 521/40 302), among which, the detection rate of screening myopia in primary school, middle school and high school was 51.4% (13 438/26 122), 84.4% (7 888/9 346) and 86.8% (4 195/4 834), respectively. The detection rates of screening low visual acuity, hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and anisometropia were statistically significant in low, middle and high grades (all P<0.001). Conclusion: The detection rate of low vision and myopia among primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou is higher than the national average, and the detection rate increases gradually with the increase of grades.