The eye is composed of refractive system and visual nervous system. It is one of the most important sensory organs of the human body. The abnormal development or function of eye tissues may cause various degrees of visual impairment. At present, the pathophysiological mechanism and treatment of eye diseases are mainly explored through animal experiments and in-vitro cell culture. However, they are of certain limitations. The in-vitro cell culture cannot fully reflect the morphological, structural and biochemical characteristics of organs, whereas the animal models are heterogeneous of species and genetic background. In recent years, with the continuous development of in-vitro three-dimensional structure organoids and organ microfluidic organ-on-a-chip technology derived from primary tissues, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, organ cloning models more similar to in vivo organs in terms of the structure and function have been constructed. These models can provide more sensitive, quantitative and large-scale phenotypic analysis, and can be better applied to the research of eye development, physiological structure, disease mechanism, personalized medical diagnosis and treatment. At present, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip and organoids technologies have shown great application potential in the structural development and disease models’ construction of cornea, lens, lacrimal gland and retina.
Objective: To retrieve and summarize the best evidence on standardized ocular medication management among open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods: With evidence-based nursing method, practical problemswere identified. According to the “6S” pyramid model of evidence resource, studies on standardized ocular medication management among open-angle glaucoma patients were retrieved, including clinical guidelines, best practice information booklet, systematic reviews, and expert consensus. Two evidence-based nursing researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included literature and summarized the evidence. Results: A total of 12 articles were ultimately enrolled, including 4 clinical guidelines, 3 evidence summaries and 5 systematic reviews. Finally, 3 aspects including 19 pieces of best evidence were summarized, which were Eye drop technical instruction, medication adherence management and related information provision. Conclusion: The best evidence for the medication management of open-angle glaucoma patients were summarized, which provide reference for clinical medical staffs to manage patients, so as to achieve the purpose of standardizing medication,controlling intraocular pressure and preventing disease progression.
Eye health is an important part of national health. Visual impairment, including blindness, seriously affects people’s physical health and quality of life, increases the burden on families and society, threatens social and economic production activities, and is a major public health and social problem related to people’s livelihood. Amblyopia,as one of the main visual disorders in early childhood, is the primary factor causing low vision in adolescents, which affects their academic and mental health and increases the risk of blindness. Therefore, it is urgent to do a good job in the prevention and rehabilitation of amblyopia. By summarizing existing studies, it is found that traditional treatment methods for amblyopia at home and abroad include occlusion therapy, refractive correction, and depressive therapy, while perceptual learning, visual function training, electronic video games, acupuncture and so on are gradually emerging in recent years and widely used in recent years. There are numerous studies on the impact of age on the rehabilitation of amblyopia. By sorting out the previous research results, this paper puts forward the countermeasures of establishing visual acuity files for children and adolescents, establishing the five- in-one rehabilitation treatment layout model, and combining clinical treatment for adolescent amblyopia, in order to provide reference and choice for the rehabilitation treatment of adolescent amblyopia, and promote the development of the eye health cause of adolescent amblyopia rehabilitation.
Objective: To explore the application and effects of supervised teaching clinic in standardized training of ophthalmology residents. Methods: A weekly supervised teaching clinic was set through reasonable scheduling and limiting the registration numbers. After 4 months of application, feedbacks were collected through questionnaire survey from both the teachers and residents. Clinical skills assessments were also taken to evaluate the teaching effect. Results: A total of 16 teachers and 8 residents participated in the supervised teaching clinic. The results of the questionnaire showed that 100% of the teachers and residents agreed with the teaching mode. The clinical skill assessment scores of the residents who participated in the teaching clinic were significantly higher than those of the control group (t=3.631, P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of supervised teaching clinic in standardized training of ophthalmology residents is feasible and can improve the clinical skills of the residents.
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been applied to analyze clinical big data and images and then make intelligent diagnosis, prediction and treatment decisions. It is gradually becoming an advanced technology to assist clinical and scientific research. Biobank is a platform for collecting clinical information and samples for scientific research, serving as a bridge between clinical and scientific research. It is also an integrated platform of clinical information and scientific research data. However, there are some challenges. First, clinical and laboratory information obtained is incomplete. Additionally, the information among different databases is asymmetric, which seriously impedes the information sharing among different Biobanks. In this article, the specific application scenarios of AI technology and blockchain in the construction of a Biobank were discussed, aiming to pinpoint the core direction of the information construction of an intelligent Biobank in the era of big data.
At present, there is an imbalance in the development of ophthalmology in China. There are huge differences in the level of ophthalmology related facilities, diagnosis and treatment technologies between big cities and rural, remote areas. New intelligent diagnosis and treatment models are still needed to solve the imbalance. Since the eye is the only organ that can directly observe the blood vessels and nerves of the human body, the eye can reflect the health status of other organs and diagnosis of eye diseases based on medical images of some ophthalmic examinations can be made as well as other characteristics. Therefore, the development of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology has unique advantages. In addition, artificial intelligence can improve the accuracy and efficiency of information transmission across time and space to a certain extent. The advantages of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology and telematics are helping to solve the imbalance in ophthalmology development. From the perspective of the application of ophthalmic artificial intelligence in telemedicine, this paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the development degree, advantages and existing problems of artificial intelligence in the telemedicine of ophthalmic diseases in China, and discusses the prospect of the application of ophthalmic artificial intelligence in telemedicine.
Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, and ocular and visual dysfunction is one of the common non-motor symptoms of PD, further affecting PD patients’quality of life. Reduced dopamine concentrations and deposition of α-synuclein in the retina of PD patients have been shown in studies. At present, there is still a lack of effective tools for early diagnosis and assessment of PD. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography can reveal abnormalities in the microstructure and microvasculature of the retinal layers, and researchers applying these techniques have found that the thickness of the parapapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and the retina in the macula in PD patients have had varying degrees of thinning, and the density and complexity of capillaries in the superficial and deep capillary plexus of the retina have been reduced. Further, investigators have explored the clinical application of these techniques in PD and have found that they can be used to detect pathological changes occurring in early PD, reflect the course and severity of the disease, and play a role in differential diagnosis. In conclusion, retinal-correlated testing may be an indicator to assess the severity of brain pathology in PD patients and to aid in disease diagnosis and monitoring the progression of PD, although large sample, multicenter replication studies are still needed to provide more reliable results.
Abstract Objective: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of related substances of Travoprost in Travoprost and Timolol Maleate Eye Drops. Methods: The analytic column was Thermo ODS (50 mm×4.6 mm, 3μm) . Using phosphoric acid solution (take 2.0mL of phosphoric acid, dilute with water and make up to 1000mL, adjust the pH to 3.0 with sodium hydroxide solution) as mobile phase A, acetonitrile as mobile phase B, elution gradient at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 220nm and the column temperature was 30℃. The injection volume is 100μL. Results: Under this chromatographic condition, travoprost and various impurities can be well separated.The linear range of travoprost, 5,6-trans-travoprost, and 15-keto-travoprost showed were well shown within 0.041~3.245μg·mL-1(r=1.0000),0.040~3.229μg?mL-1(r=1.0000),0.039~3.088μg?mL-1(r=0.9999). Their lowest detection limits were 0.020,0.020, and 0.020μg?mL-1, The average recovery rate of 5,6-trans-travoprost was 95.2% with relative standard deviation (RSD) 0.5% (n=9). The average recovery rate of 15-keto-travoprost was 92.7% with relative standard deviation (RSD) 1.2% (n=9). The method had high reproducibility. Conclusion: The method is simple, quick and accurate, which is suitable for the determination of related substances of travoprost in Travoprost and Timolol Maleate Eye Drops.
Objective To study the effect of comfortable care in patients with macular hole retinal detachment. Methods 125 patients with macular hole retinal detachment undergoing intravitreal gas injection in our hospital during 2022.01-2024.04 were selected and divided into routine care group (perioperative routine care, 62 cases) and evidence-based comfort group (comfortable care under the evidence-based concept). Compare the sleep time, comfort [Kolcaba comfort scale (GCQ)], intraocular pressure level [intraocular pressure (IOP)], and compare the quality of life before surgery and 6 months after surgery [Chinese version of people with low vision (CLVQOL)] and the complication rate. Results Sleep duration, GCQ score and IOP level, time and interaction between both groups (P <0.05); At 3d and 7d postoperative time, Higher sleep duration and GCQ scores in both groups (P <0.05), And the evidence-based comfort group was higher than the usual care group (P <0.05); At 3d and 7d postoperative time, There showed a decreasing trend in both groups (P <0.05), And the evidence-based comfort group was significantly lower than the usual care group (P <0.05); At 6 months after surgery, All dimension and total score of CLVQOL increased in both groups (P <0.05), Moreover, the evidence-based comfort group score was higher than the usual care group (P <0.05); The complication rate in the evidence-based comfort group was lower than that in the usual care group (4.76% VS 16.13%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The improved facial brace with the evidence-based concept can help prolong the prone position, improve comfort, reduce the intraocular pressure level, and improve the quality of life, and the risk of postoperative complications is low.
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes, and it is a leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. The pathophysiology of DME is complex, resulting from the interplay of various factors. Controlling these risk factors is crucial in reducing the incidence of DME. As a systemic diseaserelated ocular condition, the onset and progression of DME are influenced by numerous risk factors. However, previous literature has provided insufficient summaries of these factors. This review aims to summarize the risk factors for DME from both systemic and ocular perspectives. The systemic risk factors primarily include poor glycemic control, prolonged duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, renal dysfunction, pregnancy, the use of hypoglycemic medications, anemia, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, genetic factors, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypercalcemia, and hypomagnesemia. On the other hand, ocular risk factors include cataracts, glaucoma and vitrectomy, panretinal photocoagulation, coexisting retinal vein occlusion, and related cytokines. A deeper understanding of these risk factors will aid in the better prevention and early treatment of DME, while also providing guidance and reference for controlling the progression of DME during the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. However, some of these factors remain controversial, and additional DME risk factors still need to be explored. It is hoped that, in the near future, morefoundational and prospective clinical studies will provide high-quality evidence on DME risk factors and treatments.
