Objective: To explore the feasibility of developing a deep learning algorithm for detecting coronary heart diseases based on fundus color photography and artificial intelligence (AI). Methods: A total of 2 117 fundus color photographs were taken from 530 patients in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from 2013 to 2014, including 909 fundus color photographs from 217 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). According to whether the patient had coronary heart disease or not, the Inception-V3 depth convolution neural network was used to train the deep learning model, and then the validation data were used to judge the accuracy of the model. The accuracy, consistency rate, sensitivity and specificity of the deep convolution network model and the area under the working characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: Among the 2 117 fundus color photographs, 1 903 were used for model training, and 214 were used to test the accuracy of the model. In the test dataset, the accuracy of the algorithm was 98.1%, the consistency rate was 98.6%, the sensitivity was 100.0%, and the specificity was 96.7%. The AUC was 0.988 (95% CI, 0.974–1.000). Conclusion: The combination of fundus color photography and artificial intelligence can achieve the accurate diagnosis of the coronary heart disease, and the model has high sensitivity and specificity. However, future studies are warranted to validate our model and exclude the possibility of over-fitting.

Objective: To analyze the serum biochemical indexes of different degrees of type 2 diabetic retinopathy, and the correlation between biochemical indexes and the degree of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Fujian Medical University 2nd Affiliate Hospital from May 2018 to October 2020 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to fundus conditions: non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group (n=17), diabetes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (n=29), diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (n=34). SPSS 24.0 was used to compare the levels of a complete set of serum biochemical indexes in the three groups. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for the correlation between the different indexes and DR. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in age between the three groups. The differences in total protein, albumin, white sphere ratio, and calcium concentration of the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The comparison between the groups showed that the total protein, albumin, white sphere ratio, and calcium concentration in the NPDR and PDR groups were lower than those in the NDR group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that total protein (r=?0.290), albumin (r=?0.304), and calcium concentration (r=?0.252) were negatively correlated with DR (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression indicated total protein, albumin and blood calcium concentration were the protective factors of DR (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study found that serum levels of total protein, albumin, and blood calcium levels are negatively correlated with DR. Maintaining a relatively high level of these indexes within the physiological range may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Myopic maculopathy (MM) is the most common complication of myopia, which is also the main cause of poor visual function in pathologic myopia. Presently, the classification system of MM cannot properly explain the numerous changes that occur in the patient’s macula. Therefore, a comprehensive and unified classification system is urgently needed to facilitate in communicating and comparing the results of clinical trials and international multicenter studies. With the development and application of fundus imaging technology, the latest classification of MM, namely ATN (atrophy, A; traction, T; neovascularization, N) classificationsystem, which combines fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, classifies macular lesions into 3 categories according to its severity, generating greater clinical value for the diagnosis and treatment of MM.

Topical administration is the most common method of ocular medication, but it is generally difficult for the drug to pass through the cornea, and the bioavailability of the drug is low. Nanocarrier drugs were used in eyes in the 1980s, and liposomes and lipoids vesicles (Niosomes) interacted with ocular surface mucins to prolong the residence time of the drug on the ocular surface. Nanoemulsion surfactants can release the tight junctions of corneal epithelial cells, form transport openings, and inhibit the degradation of pharmaceutically active proteins by cell surface glycoprotein P (Pgp). Nanoparticles pass through the corneal and conjunctival epithelium without causing toxicity. Nanocapsules internalize deeper into the corneal epithelium (at 50 μm). Polymeric micelles self-assemble into core-shell nanocarriers to enhance the ability of drugs to penetrate the cornea. Anionic high-generation poly-amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers enhance drug permeability. Neutral and cationic low-generation dendrimers mediate higher drug permeability through clathrin pathway. Nanocrystal, in addition to enhancing drug solubility and dissolution rate, its high adhesion ability helps drug retention and penetration into ocular tissues. Nanostructured materials are closely related to dry eye and provide a choice for the treatment and diagnosis of dry eye.

Different components of the tear film work together to maintain the wettability of the ocular surface, thus maintaining eye health. When the pathological changes of these components occur, the tear film homeostasis will be affected to varying degrees, leading to dry eye. Blinking movement affects the distribution of tear film components to some extent. With the continuous development of research and understanding of the concept and mechanism of dry eye, new concepts of tear-film-oriented diagnosis (TFOD) have been gradually proposed and widely accepted. We can determine the components lacking on the surface of the eye through the tear film breakup patterns (BUPs). On this basis, dry eye is diagnosed, so as to replenish the lacking components of tear film directionally and restore the stability of tear film. This paper will focus on analyzing the relationship between blinking, tear film formation and tear film break-up mechanism, so as to further clarify the new concept and development direction of tear-film oriented diagnosis.

A case of corneal burn caused by arc light due to electrical short is reported. Specialist examination: ischemic areas of the temporal limbus bulbar conjunctiva in both eyes were less than 1/3, the corneal epithelium was white and cloudy, and the epithelium was partially peeled. The corneas became transparent after 2 weeks’ treatment of removing the white necrotic tissue, anti-inflammatory and dilating pupil. During the follow-up within 3 months, the patient’s lens and fundus showed no obvious abnormalities. The injury mechanism of arc light caused by electrical short to the eyeball is discussed.

The pediatric patient was referred to our hospital with a 12-day history of left eye redness and swelling. On the orbital and nasal side of the eye, there was a firm, nontender mass about the size of soybeans, with unclear boundary, medium texture. Orbital examination showed left ptosis, covering limbus. Motility examination revealed both eyes were in normal position, and the left eye was slightly limited in extraocular rotation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed evidence of diffuse inflammation of left eyelid, and orbital inflammatory was considered. Excluding other etiologies, the child was diagnosed initially with idiopathic orbital inflammatory. The symptoms improved after hormone therapy and there was no recurrence during follow-up. This case was a case of IOIP in a child who was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University for refusing biopsy from another hospital. The paper suggests that early standardized treatment is the key to reduce the recurrence rate of this disease, especially in children.

Objective: To explore the teaching mode based on competency in emergency treatment of ocular trauma. Methods: By analyzing the teaching status of emergency treatment for ocular trauma and combining with the competency characteristics of medical students, a competency-based teaching system for emergency treatment of ocular trauma was constructed. Results: The advantage of the teaching system for emergency treatment of ocular trauma based on competency was that it took actual clinical needs as the starting point, which could improve students’ clinical practice ability, critical thinking ability, team work, self-cognition, medical humanistic quality and other aspects, so as to be better qualified for clinical work. Conclusion: The teaching mode based on competency can comprehensively improve the practical ability of training doctors in emergency treatment of ocular trauma.

Retinal diseases primarily feature with peripheral retinopathy, and its early diagnosis as well as the later following up both play a vital role in the treatment and prevention of retinal diseases. In the past, traditional fundus imaging technology can only provide the visual range of 20 degrees. Even if montage photography technology is used, it can only partially reveal the fundus field. At present, fundus imaging technology has entered the latest era of ultra-wide-field, which provides at least 200-degree fundus field of vision. Ultra-wide-field fundus photochromy, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography and angiography based on this technology have been widely used in clinical practice, and play an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of retinal diseases, such as diabetes retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, retinitis pigmentosa and retinal detachment. This article aims to review the occurrence and development of ultra-wide-field fundus imaging technology and its clinical applications up to now to provide a relative guideline for clinic and research.

As a common eye disease, cataract is the first-leading cause of blindness in the world. Currently, there is no drug to treat it, and surgery is the only effective way. With the development of modern ophthalmic surgical technology and the updating and upgrading of the design and function of intraocular lens (IOL), people have higher and higher requirements for visual quality. Cataract phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation has transformed from a simple vision restoration to personalized refractive surgery. In order to meet the needs of patients with different needs to obtain better visual quality after surgery, IOL has experienced the development from monofocal to multifocal, spherical to aspherical, as well as the clinical application of astigmatic IOL and various functional IOLs, which also provides more choices for patients. Fully understanding the advantages and characteristics of different types of IOLs, according to the patient’s own eye conditions, daily eye habits and needs, individualized selection of IOL implantation plays a crucial role in the recovery and satisfaction of visual quality. Therefore, this article will review different types of IOLs from the aspects of design and classification, postoperative clinical effects and adaptation to the population, and provide guidance for the selection of IOLs.