Objective: To observe the eye position, the incidence of eye movement and the efficacy of propofol on correcting eccentric eyeball position in children undergoing examination of outpatient fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) with inhaled sevoflurane via laryngeal mask airway. Methods: Children undergoing FFA with sevoflurane anesthesia from June 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Eye position at the beginning of examination, incidence of eye movement during examination, the efficiency of propofol on correcting eccentric eyeball position during procedure, the time to resume normal activities, and adverse events were recorded. Results: Fifty-four children aged 1–9 years were included in this study. The rates of eye position from grade one to grade three at the beginning of examination were 42.6% (23/54), 51.9% (28/54), and 5.6% (3/54), respectively. The incidence of eye movement during examination was 61.1% (33/54). 13% (7/54) of children with unsatisfactory eye-position needed intervention with propofol. The efficacy of propofol (1 mg/kg) in correcting eye position was 100%. The mean time to return normal activities was 24.4 min. There were no any adverse events during the peri-anesthetic period. Conclusion: Inhaled sevoflurane via LMA can provide appropriate anesthesia for outpatient FFA in children. Children can resume daily activities soon after anesthesia. Propofol can return the incorrect eye position during examination
The challenge of pediatric ophthalmic anesthesia is how to balance the safety and efficiency of ophthalmic surgery. Careful pre-operative evaluation and preparation can effectively reduce potential complications during pediatric ophthalmic anesthesia. During the preoperative assessment, it’s necessary to gather information, perform a full physical examination, take required laboratory tests or consultations with specialties, and deliver appropriate information and consent to increase the safety of pediatric ophthalmic anesthesia
Lens-induced glaucoma (LIG) is a kind of secondary glaucoma caused by lens proteins or anatomic abnormality of the lens. Based on the pathogenesis, LIG is classified as phacolytic glaucoma, lens-particle induced glaucoma, phacoanaphylactic glaucoma, phacomorphic glaucoma, pupillary block glaucoma. The angle may be open or closed. High-molecular-weight lens protein, release of lens particles, and pupillary block, increase in the volume of the cataractous lens are the mechanisms of glaucoma. Its pathogensis includes intumescent cataracts, mature senile cataract, hyper-mature senile cataracts, surgery and trauma in eyes, and dislocation of lens. The epidemiology varies across developed and developing countries. The common symptom includes diminution of vision, redness of the eye, and unilateral eye pain. It can cause glaucomatous irreversible visual impairment. Ocular ultrasonography is helpful for its diagnosis. Differential diagnosis includes acute angle-closure glaucoma, ciliary block glaucoma, supra-choroidal hemorrhage, post-traumatic or postoperative endophthalmitis. The management is the removal of inciting lenticular matter to control intraocular pressure
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is mainly characterized by the involvement of the optic nerve, spinal cord and brain. The disease is prone to relapse and has a high rate of blindness and disability, which seriously threatens human vision and health. At present, the etiology of NMSOD is not clear, and the existing treatment schemes can’t completely cure NMOSD. Animal models are important tools to explore its pathogenesis and pathophysiological characteristics. NMOSD animals were mainly established on the basis of anti-aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG), including destroying or bypassing the blood-brain barrier and passively transferring AQP4-IgG or AQP4 specific T cells. At present, no animal model can completely simulate the clinical and pathological characteristics of human NMOSD. Therefore, it is important to select appropriate animal models for the study. This article reviews various animal models of NMOSD in recent years, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various models, in order to provide references for the study of the progress and treatment of NMOSD.
Objective: Based on the construction and practice of Internet nurse-led clinic in our hospital, the model and effect of Internet specialized nursing service were analyzed to provide reference for Internet-based nursing service in ophthalmology. Methods: Relying on the hospital’s high-quality resources, the Internet nurse-led clinic in ophthalmology was established. According to the actual needs of ophthalmology patients, the Internet nursing consultation outpatient service system and workflow were formulated, experts’ qualification were reviewed, and training and assessment for the experts were conducted. The data on the number of outpatient visits, patients’ satisfaction, advisory questions and nurses’ perceived professional benefits were collected and analyzed. Results: From 26th June to 31st December 2021, the number of clinical reception was 1 266. The visit time is mainly between 08:00 to 22:00, the most frequently asked questions were eye health knowledge, the overall patients’ satisfaction was 99.52%, and the total score and the score of all dimensions of nurses’ perceived professional benefits were improved, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Ophthalmic internet nurse-led consultation clinic can effectively meet the health care needs of all kinds of people, with high patient satisfaction, and can also improve nurses’ perceived professional benefits, which is worthy of further promotion.
Objective: To investigate the student satisfaction and educational effect of integrating ideological and political elements into the eight-year clinical medicine ophthalmology integrated curriculum. Methods: An anonymous paper questionnaire survey was administered to fifth-grade clinical medicine students ofthe eight-year clinical medicine program of Sun Yat-sen University to assess students’ satisfaction with ideological and political education as well as the educational effectiveness. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on thequestionnaire results, and the qualitative data were represented by frequency and percentage. Results: Ninety valid surveys were collected. 91% of the students agreed with the incorporation of ideological and political elements into the curriculum, 93% of the students thought the incorporation of ideological and political elements into the curriculum was good or very good, and 82% of the students believed that the ideological and political curricula helped arouse their interest in ophthalmology. The overall correct rate for ideological and political questions reached 92.9%, with the following correct rates from most accurate to least accurate: doctor-patient communication (100%), history of ophthalmology (98.9%), policy (83.3%), and research frontier (82.2%). Conclusion: Eight-year clinical medicine students are highly satisfied with the integration of intellectual and political components into the ophthalmology integration curriculum. Ideological and political education has yielded favorable results, with students demonstrating a thorough grasp of ideological and political facts. Future curricula should expand students’ awareness of research frontiers and policy issues while maintaining their interest in doctor-patient communication and the history of ophthalmology.
In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, especially in ophthalmology, has developed rapidly with remarkable results. This has greatly improved the diagnostic efficiency of relevant imaging data and promoted further research in this field. However, most applications of AI are focused on adult eye diseases, and few studies have addressed infantile eye diseases. This may be because of the non-cooperative nature of infants, the limited availability of imaging equipment in infants, and the lack of pediatric ophthalmologists. Infancy is the most important stage of vision development. Disturbance during this period have a profound and lasting influence on vision development. Hence, early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of birth defects is important. AI-related products, which improves the efficacy of infant eye disease screening, are urgently needed. This paper reviews the current status, progress, and existing problems of recent research related to application of AI in infantile eye diseases.
Objective: To discuss the therapeutic effects of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods: A total of 630 children (827 eyes) with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction who were treated in Xianyang Rainbow Hospital and had follow-up records were selected. According to the age, the therapeutic effects were carried out in four ways. Results: A total of 230 cases (286 eyes) aged 0–2 months were treated by massaging lacrimal sac withantiinflammatory eye water, 182 eyes (63.63%) were healed; 240 cases (340 eyes) aged 2–6 months were treated by pressor clysis and lacrimal passages probing, and among them 338 eyes (96.74%) were healed. 150 cases (188 eyes) aged 6–12 months were treated with lacrimal passage irrigation and lacrimal passage probing. 188 eyes (89.74%) were cured; 10 cases (13 eyes) aged over 1 year old were tread by probing of the lacrimal passages with anti-inflammatory eye water, 10 eyes (76.92%) were healed. Conclusion: 2 to 6 months is the best time for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, the therapy of pressor clysis with lacrimal passages probing chosen according to the age can treat the congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction efficiently and decrease the long-term recurrence
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal injection of various doses of conbercept in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and change of intraocular pressure (IOP) after operation. Methods: It was a prospective randomized controlled study. Children who were diagnosed with pre-threshold ROP, threshold phrase ROP, and aggressive ROP (A-ROP) in Xiamen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021 were included in the study. The children were randomly divided into a reduction group and a constant group, and received intravitreal injection of10 mg/mL conbercept at 0.015 mL (containing 0.15 mg of conbercept) and 0.025 mL (containing 0.25 mg of conbercept) respectively. IOP was measured and recorded 5 min before injection, 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 12 h and 24 h after injection. The fundus condition was followed up 1 week after the operation. The efficacy evaluation is divided into one cure, recurrence and exacerbation. Results: A total of 98 eyes of 49 cases were included in thestudy. For 27 cases of 54 eyes in the constant group, the one-time cure success rate was 79.6% (43/54), the recurrence rate was 16.7% (9/54), and the exacerbation rate was 3.7% (2/54). In the reduction group, there were 22 cases (44 eyes). The one-time cure success rate was 68.2% (30/44), the recurrence rate was 27.3% (12/44), and the exacerbation rate was 4.5% (2/44). There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=1.672,P=0.196). There was no significant difference in IOP between the 2 groups 5 min before treatment (P=0.494). There were statistically significantdifferences in IOP between the 2 groups at 5 min after injection, 1 h after injection, and 12 h after injection (all P<0.05). There was no difference in IOP between the two groups 24 h after injection (P=0.101). There was a statistically significant difference in IOP between 5 min before and 24 h after injection in the constant group (P=0.03), and there was no significant difference in IOP between 5 min before and 24 h after injection in the reduction group (P=0.84). Conclusion: Reduced dose of conbercept (0.15 mg) is effective in the treatment of ROP, and the efficacy is similar to that of conventional dose (0.25 mg). The reduction can help lower the increase of postoperative IOP, returning to the preoperative level more rapidly and safely.
