Objective: To investigate the satisfaction of 5-year undergraduate students in clinical medicine with clerkship teaching and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: Anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted. Satisfaction questionnaires were distributed to undergraduate students in the 4th year of the 5-year clinical medicine at Sun Yat- sen University who had completed clerkship in all clinical departments. Results: A total of 75 students completed the questionnaire survey. Among the most satisfactory clerkship courses, ophthalmology had the highest satisfaction rate (39 votes, 52%), followed by surgery (18 votes, 24%) and internal medicine (7 votes, 9.33%). Te top 5 options in terms of comprehensive scores for infuencing factors of teaching satisfaction are "A. Reasonable curriculum with prominent focuses", "B. High clerkship class teaching level", "C. Strong teaching staf", "D. Abundant clinical resources ", and "E. Advanced teaching methods ". When selecting the infuencing factors that rank frst (B 33.33%, A 25.86%, E 21.15%) and second (E 26.92%, B 24.56%, A 24.14%), the top three options are A, B, and E. Students atach great importance to the seting of clerkship courses, the level of clerkship courses, and the teaching methods. In terms of students' willingness to engage in ophthalmology, 5 students (6.67%) expressed great willingness, and 32 students (42.67%) expressed the possibility. Conclusions: Te seting of clerkship courses, the level of small class teaching, and the clerkship teaching method are important infuencing factors of clerkship satisfaction. Te satisfaction of clerkship has a certain impact on students' career selection.

Abstract: Congenital cataract has a place in diseases that impair visual function in children. Although there have been huge advances in surgical techniques, most patients with congenital cataracts are younger and tend to have higher expectations for near, medium and distance vision. The production of multifocal intraocular lenses enables patients with congenital cataract to achieve satisfactory postoperative visual quality. However, trifocal intraocular lenses are usually used in patients with cataracts in one or both eyes, and there have been no literature reports of trifocal intraocular lenses and phakic posterior chamber intraocular lenses (ICL) applied to the same patient, and the postoperative visual quality of patients is unclear. Therefore, this study reported the case of "ICL implantation in the right eye + phacoemulsification combined with trifocal intraocular lens implantation in the left eye for cataract in a patient with high myopia in the right eye and congenital cataract in the left eye".

Abstract: Congenital cataract is one of the main diseases that cause severe vision loss in children, although there has been a great leap in surgical technology, most patients with congenital cataract are young, and patients often have high expectations for near, medium and distance vision. In order to improve the visual quality of patients with congenital cataract after surgery, multifocal intraocular lenses came into being, and the application of multifocal intraocular lenses in young patients has achieved good results. However, trifocal intraocular lenses are usually used in patients with cataract in one or both eyes, and there have been no literature reports of trifocal intraocular lenses and phakic posterior chamber intraocular lenses (ICL) applied to the same patient, and the postoperative visual quality of patients is unclear. Therefore, this study reported a case of ICL implantation in the right eye with high myopia and congenital cataract in the left eye using a trifocal intraocular lens.

Epidemiological investigation of cataract is an important part of the cataract. In recent years, research in the field of cataract has not only made progress in the field of refraction, intraocular lens calculation, and complex cataract, but also made great progress in epidemiological investigation. This paper is mainly based on different time, region, nationality and other aspects. This paper summarizes the progress of the field of epidemiological investigation of age-related cataracts, so that more interested readers can be helpful in the research of the epidemiological investigation of age-related cataracts.

Abstract: With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, its application in the field of healthcare is bringing revolutionary changes. Cataracts is one of the most common reversible visual impairments worldwide, and the management and treatment of cataracts are crucial for safeguarding people's visual health. This article will explore the applications of AI technology on a new model of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, aiming to improve the treatment outcomes for cataract patients and optimize the utilization of healthcare resources.

Objective The relationship between the rate, type and diopter of retinopathy in fundus examination before femtosecond laser small incision corneal stromal lens removal (SMILE) was observed and statistically analyzed, and the clinical significance of peripheral retinopathy examination before surgery for the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications was discussed. Methods Retrospective case series. A total of 649 cases (1298 eyes) undergoing myopia correction surgery in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were collected, and the fundus was examined by dilated pupils, and the types of retinopathy existing and the incidence of retinal degeneration in patients with low, medium, high and ultra-high myopia were retrospectively analyzed, and preventive photocoagulation treatment was performed for patients with fundus lesions, with an average follow-up of 2 weeks. Results 71 cases (88 eyes) with retinopathy were found in 1298 eyes, accounting for 6.78%, including 44 eyes requiring laser treatment for simple retinal degeneration, 25 eyes with simple retinal tear, 13 eyes with retinal degeneration and retinal tear, and 6 eyes with retinal hemorrhage. Conclusion Retinal degeneration is one of the most common complications of myopia. Photocoagulation and other treatments for patients with peripheral retinal degeneration before surgery can reduce the sequelae of retinal detachment caused by retinal degeneration and a series of serious damage to visual function.

Objective To summarize the variations and clinical characteristics of the MAB21L2 gene and compare it with the highly homologous MAB21L1 gene. Methods The pathogenic variants and clinical characteristics of MAB21L2 were analyzed based on data from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the phenotype-genotype relationship between the highly homologous MAB21L1 gene and the MAB21L2 gene in the reported literature. Results Two heterozygous variants in the MAB21L2 gene were identified in two families with microphthalmia. Proband 1 carried the reported variant c.151C>G/p.(Arg51Gly), manifesting with bilateral microphthalmia, iridochoroidal coloboma, along with bone and joint contractures. Her mother carried the same heterozygous variant but manifested with normal phenotypes. Proband 2 carried a novel pathogenic heterozygous variation, c.1042G>T/p.(Glu348*), manifesting with microphthalmia in the left and normal right eye without noticeable systemic abnormalities. Through a literature review, it has been observed that heterozygous variants in the amino acid region 49-52 of MAB21L2 and MAB21L1 could result in microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) (45/50, 90%) in a dominant inheritance pattern. In addition to MAC, patients carrying variants in this region of the MAB21L2 gene were often accompanied by abnormalities in skeletal and joint development (12/47, 26%). Heterozygous truncating variants in the MAB21L2 gene could lead to MAC (5/5, 100%), while heterozygous truncating variants in MAB21L1 were non-pathogenic. Conclusions This study reported two families with MAB21L2 variants. Through a literature review, we provided a basis for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of genetic diseases caused by defects in MAB21L1 and MAB21L2 from the molecular genetics’ perspective.

Objective To establish a scientific and effective ophthalmic emergency pre examination and triage standard that is in line with China's national conditions, and to provide efficient ophthalmic emergency triage tools for ophthalmic medical staff. Method Based on literature search, semi-structured interview, Delphi Method, and Analytic Hierarchy Process, determine the content of ophthalmic emergency pre examination and triage standard. By extracting data from the emergency triage system and Himss electronic medical record system from August 1st, 2023 to August 10th, 2023, the consistency rate between the initial triage level and the final diagnosis level of the attending doctor was analyzed, and the application effect of the ophthalmic emergency pre examination and triage standard system was preliminarily verified. Result The recovery rate of the expert consultation questionnaire for 18 experts in two rounds was 100%, with expert authority coefficients of 0.95 and Kendall harmony coefficients of 0.564 and 0.117, respectively (p<0.05). The final constructed ophthalmic emergency pre examination and triage standard system includes three primary indicators and eleven secondary indicators. Through verification, the pre examination and triage standard system has a good triage accuracy rate of 92.7%.Conclusion The structure of the ophthalmic emergency pre examination and triage and 0.117, respectively (p<0.05). The final constructed ophthalmic emergency pre examination and triage standard system includes three primary indicators and eleven secondary indicators. Through verification, the pre examination and triage standard system has a good triage accuracy rate of 92.7%. Conclusion The structure of the ophthalmic emergency pre examination and triage standard system constructed in this study is reasonable, comprehensive, scientific, and practical. It can provide accurate and effective triage tools for ophthalmic clinical emergency pre examination and triage standard work, improve clinical work efficiency and pre examination and triage quality.

Purpose: To evaluate impression cytology test from the tarsal conjunctiva which includes standardized acquisition, impression transfer, and staining protocols from normal individuals in age groups ranging from 8 to 30 years. Method: Thirty healthy volunteers with no ocular surface symptoms or signs of allergic conjunctivitis underwent impression cytology of the upper tarsal conjunctiva in the right eye after informed consent. The impression cytology filter paper was imprinted on a glass slide using three different techniques to transfer the cells from the paper to the slide. Various standardization steps were evaluated to determine the best method to acquire and stain the cells. Modified Wright Giemsa stain was used to describe the cellular profile of the conjunctival epithelial cells. Results: The polyethersulfone membrane had the better acquisition of cells and did not dissolve when treated with methanol. The mean cellular grading on IC paper and for age groups 8-15, 16-25 and 26-30 was 0.85, 1.66 and 0.87, respectively. The mean grading acquired through slides in age groups 8-15, 16-25 and 26-30 were 2.14, 2.1, 2.87 respectively. Conclusion: We have described a novel method for acquiring, transferring and staining impressions from the tarsal conjunctiva.

Objective: To construct a prediction model for DR by combining systemic indexes and retinal blood flow information.\nMethods: A total of 567 patients with DM were enrolled and divided into non-DR group (380 cases) and DR group (187 cases). General data, routine ophthalmic examination and retinal blood flow (OCTA) datas were collected. The systemic risk factors and OCTA parameters closely related to the occurrence of DR were screened out by pairwise comparison and logistic regression analysis, and the nomogram prediction model was constructed and optimized.\nResults: The systemic risk factors for DR included diabetic macular edema, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, age, duration of diabetes, and diabetic peripheral vascular disease, and OCTA parameters should pay attention to the vascular density of the retinal layer in the macula region of 3*3. According to its regression coefficient of β, the score weight of each risk factor was calculated proportionally to obtain a prediction model. The area under the ROC curve of this prediction model is 0.864, Brier = 0.130.\nConclusion: Diabetic macular edema, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, age, diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral vascular disease, and macular 3*3 retinal inner layer vascular density are significantly correlated with the occurrence of DR. The risk prediction model established by this method has good clinical value for the prediction of DR.