Congenital cataract (CC) is one of the most common causes of pediatric visual impairment. With the in-depth understanding of the etiology, clinical manifestations and pathogenic genes of CC, various CC category systems based on different classification criteria have been proposed. However, the application of CC category in clinical practice and scientific research is limited. It is challenging to obtain accurate information from a certain category, including morphological, etiological and genetic information, that could guide timely treatment or predict the prognosis. The purpose of this review is to discuss the status quo of CC category systems and the potential direction for future research in this field, with a focus on categorization principles and scientific and clinical application.
Background: Lacrimal duct obstruction is a common ophthalmic disease. Retrograde lacrimal duct catheterization has been commonly used for lacrimal duct stenosis or lacrimal duct obstruction. However, due to the purulent crust covering the lower end of the nasolacrimal duct, the nasolacrimal duct was often blocked again, resulting in recurrent dacryocystitis. Currently, endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) combined with removal of the nasolacrimal drainage tube can effectively treat this disease. Case presentation: We report a case of recurrent dacryocystitis caused by an old drainage silicone tube placed in the nasolacrimal duct for a long time. We performed En-DCR combined with the removal of the nasolacrimal drainage tube. Six months after surgery, lacrimal irrigation revealed patency of the lacrimal passage, and the anastomotic stoma was formed well. No related symptoms, such as epiphora or purulence, occurred again. Conclusion: If patients with lacrimal duct stenosis or lacrimal duct obstruction have undergone retrograde lacrimal duct catheterization, the nasolacrimal drainage tube should be removed in time according to the patient's postoperative recovery to prevent the abnormal crusts attached to the lower end of the drainage tube from blocking the nasolacrimal duct again, resulting in complications or recurrent dacryocystitis.
