Objective To explore the value and image features of B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasonography in observing dexamethasone intravitreal implant. Methods This is a retrospective clinical study, we selected 18 cases (18 eyes) with dexamethasone intravitreal implantation because of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion in Tianjin bright eye hospital and Dacheng county traditional Chinese medicine hospital from December 2020 to December 2022. The image features of dexamethasone intravitreal implant by B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasonography were observed at the first day, one week and a month after surgery. Results The position and form of dexamethasone intravitreal implant could be observed clearly by B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasonography. At the first day after surgery under B-mode ultrasound, 18 cases (18 eyes) of dexamethasone intravitreal implants showed rodlike with hyperechoic. The density of dexamethasone intravitreal implant was close to sclera, the movement and post-movement were negative. 15 cases (15 eyes) of dexamethasone intravitreal implants could be observed the comet tail sign, 2 cases (2 eyes) of dexamethasone intravitreal implants approach to ocular wall. 18 cases (18 eyes) could observe punctiform hypoechoic in vitreous chamber. One week after surgery under B-mode ultrasound, the hyperechoic range of dexamethasone intravitreal implant was slightly smaller than before. One month after surgery under B-mode ultrasound, the range of rodlike hyperechoic was reduced, and the stick were bend and break from the middle. Under color Doppler ultrasonography, 16 cases (16 eyes) of dexamethasone intravitreal implants were stay at the 7 o'clock of vitreous chamber, adhesion with ocular wall. 2 cases (2 eyes) of dexamethasone intravitreal implants were not adhere with ocular wall. Conclusion B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasonography have important application value in evaluating the position and form of dexamethasone intravitreal implant, they are best used together.

Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (OIP) is a common disease of the eye socket, and its etiology and pathogenesis have yet to be determined. OIP can affect various parts of the eye socket, and its clinical manifestations are diverse and non-specific, requiring a diagnostic approach based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging examinations. This case report presents a patient with bilateral orbital inflammatory pseudotumor and outlines the diagnostic and treatment process, aiming to provide insights and references for clinical diagnosis and management in similar cases.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of 577nm subthreshold micropulse laser photocoagulation (SMLP) on the treatment of refractory diabetic macular edema (DME). To compare the effect differences and complications of 577nm SMLP and intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC). Methods This study is a non-randomized controlled study. Patients with refractory DME who were admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Provincial People 's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected and divided into the experimental group (10 cases, 16 eyes) and the control group (12 cases, 17 eyes). Experimental group: 577nm SMLP combined with IVC treatment, control group: simple IVC treatment. The changes of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular retinal thickness (CMT), hard exudation area (HE), microaneurysm number (MA) and the number of intravitreal injections were collected at 6 months after treatment in the two groups. The incidence of complications were recorded after treatment. Results At 6 months after treatment, the LogMAR BCVA of the experimental group and the control group were (0.27 ± 0.2) and (0.46 ± 0.23), respectively. The CMT were (247.06 ± 25.4) and (287.29 ± 68.85) μm, respectively. HE were (6192.5 ± 11431.5) and (3421.91 ± 3941.3) pixels2, respectively. MA were (2.9 ± 3.87) and (4.55 ±4.78), respectively. The BCVA, CMT, HE and MA of the two groups were significantly improved at 6 months after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). At 6 months, differences in BCVA and CMT between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in HE and MA between the two groups (P > 0.05). The number of intravitreal injections in the experimental group and the control group were (4.6 ± 0.7) and (5.29 ± 0.85) times, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, there was no obvious pigment deposition and laser scar in the fundus examination of the affected eyes in the experimental group. There were no obvious complications in the experimental group and the control group after 6 months of treatment. Conclusion 577nm SMLP has good security. Compared with simple IVC treatment, 577nm SMLP combined with IVC treatment has the same effect on the improvement of HE area and the number of bleeding points and MA in patients with refractory DME. However, the combined treatment can better reduce macular edema in some patients in the short term, improve BCVA, prolong the interval of intravitreal injection and reduce the frequency of intravitreal injection, which has a certain clinical application prospect.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of the policy of purchasing intraocular lens (IOLs) in a centralized volume-based manner on patients selection of cataract extraction surgery。。 Methods: The patients who completed cataract phacoemulsification combined with IOLs implantation in the ophthalmology department of Guangzhou first people's Hospital from June 2020 to May 2022 were retrospective analyzation. According to the time of centralized IOLs procurement policy in our hospital (May 2021), the patients were divided into before centralized purchase group (2020.6 ~ 2021.5) and centralized purchase group (2021.6 ~ 2022.5). The demographics of study population, IOLs category, IOLs cost, operation cost and the proportion of Chinese-made IOLs were compared between the two groups. Results: The total numbers of operations volume in the before centralized purchase group (2020.6-2021.5) and centralized purchase group (2021.6-2022.5) were 1188 and 1099 eyes (only one eye was included in the binocular surgery), respectively. There was no significant difference in the age and sex between the two groups (P>0.05). The median cost of IOLs in the before centralized purchase group was 3770 (interquartile interval, IQR: 3162-7950), which was higher than that volume purchase group [1613 (1079-4994), P<0.001]. The proportion of aspherical IOLs was the highest in both groups. The number of multifocal and astigmatic IOLs in the centralized purchase group increased significantly compared with that before centralized purchase group (multifocal IOLs: 1.9% and 15.0%; astigmatic IOLs: 0.2% and 1.3%). The number of spherical IOLs decreased significantly (7.7% and 0.6%), with statistically significant differences. The utilization rate of domestic IOLs increased from 0.5% to 3.5% (P<0.001). The patients who chose high-end IOLs in centralized purchase group were older, and the proportion of patients with other eye diseases or systemic diseases was higher than before centralized purchase group. Conclusion: The centralized volume-based procurement policy of IOLs reduces the economic burden of patients and increase the use of high-end IOLs. At the same time, it reduces the expenditure of national medical insurance and promotes the use of domestic medical consumables.

Sun Yat-sen University is committed to comprehensively improving the quality of independent training for graduate students, especially in cultivating compound high-level innovative talents who will lead the future. Artificial intelligence products represented by ChatGPT have shown great potential in application to the training and learning reformation of innovative talents in higher education. This paper introduces the development process of artificial intelligence, the core technology and principles of ChatGPT, as well as its auxiliary functions, such as improved teaching efficiency, feedback, and integration of resources. Additionally, it highlights the limitations and risks of applying AI, including issues surrounding dependence, reliability, security, among others. Thus, teachers, students, higher education institutions, and government departments are actively paying attention to the development trends of AI and making corresponding adjustments to facilitate its integration with education, as well as promote high-quality development and digital transformation of postgraduate education.

Objective: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of atropine on myopia control in Chinese children. Method: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, WanFang Data, VIP and CNKI databases were searched by computer to collect the studies on atropine control of myopia in children from the establishment of the database to May 2023. After literature screening, data extraction and the risk of bias in the included studies were evaluated by two researchers, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: A total of 32 studies were included, including seven different concentrations of atropine versus placebo. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo, 0.01% atropine had a significant effect on the change of equivalent sphericity [MD=0.39, 95%CI (0.26,0.52), P < 0.05], and significantly reduced ocular axial length increment [MD = 0.18, 95% CI (0.24, 0.12), P < 0.05). Among other concentrations, 0.02% atropine, 0.05% atropine and 1% atropine all had better effect on myopia control. Conclusions: The available evidence showed that 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05% and 1% atropine had better effects on the control of myopia in children than placebo.

The corneal stromal lenticule is obtained from the donor cornea by Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and is a "scrap" of SMILE.Because SMILE surgery produces a large number of SMILE-derived human lenticules, this tissue is easier to obtain than other corneal tissues. In addition, studies have proved and applied SMILE-derived human lenticules to treat hyperopia, advanced keratoconus, corneal ulcer and other diseases, which alleviates the situation of corneal donor tension.Based on animal models, as well as clinical application studies in patients, the implantation of small lenticules is considered safe and effective, with relatively few immune rejection and other more severe complications.But clinically applied lenses usually require fresh lenses, which greatly limits their utility, so it is of great clinical importance to investigate a suitable method of preserving the SMILE-derived lenticules. This paper will address the preservation and clinical application of the SMILE-derived lenticules.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and outcomes of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Xingtai area. Methods The clinical data of 71 premature infants diagnosed with ROP in Xingtai People's Hospital Neonatology [] department from February 2020 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the degree of lesion, they were divided into mild ROP and severe ROP. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of severe ROP. The treatment of ROP children and the outcome of retinal development were followed up. Results There were 12 cases (16.90%) of severe ROP and 59 cases (83.10%) of mild ROP. Statistically significant risk factors were gestational age, birth weight, anemia during pregnancy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, tracheal intubation, and intracranial hemorrhage. Regression analysis showed that gestational age at birth was an independent risk factor for severe ROP. The mean retinal vascularization time in the mild group was 149.1 days. All children in the severe group received binocular anti-VEGF therapy, and 3 patients with recurrence received second treatment, with an average vasculization time of 177.2 days. Conclusion Gestational age is an independent risk factor for severe ROP in Xingtai area. Strengthen prenatal examination and protection to reduce the risk of preterm birth and thus reduce the occurrence of severe ROP.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world,a large number of scholars have conducted in-depth studies on various aspects of glaucoma. And the research hotspot is the pathogenesis of glaucoma,while autoimmunology and inflammation is the direction of the pathogenesis of glaucoma that researchers pay more attention to nowadays. Interleukin is a key cytokine mediated by immunity. A large number of studies suggest that interleukin may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. This paper reviews the literature on the relationship between interleukin and glaucoma in recent years,to provide some reference value for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and drug development of glaucoma

Objective: This study aims to investigate the development of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in the past ten years, and the attention of domestic and foreign researchers to this field. Methods: Through the Web of Science database of the American Intelligence Research Institute, we can obtain information about the year, nationality, region, fund investment, publications, academic works, and citations of NVG from 2012 to 2021, and then use Citespace and VOSviewer for keyword distribution and clustering Analysis and literature co-citation cluster analysis. Results: According to statistics, there are 562 literature in the field of NVG, and the language of the research literature is mainly English. The number of papers in the American academic circle ranks first, while the number of papers in the Chinese academic circle ranks second; Since 2012, the papers of the National Natural Science Foundation of China have ranked first; In addition, since 2014, the number of papers and the total cited frequency of "JOURNAL OF GLAUCOMA" are at a relatively high level, and the research institution with the highest total cited frequency is the University of London. After systematic data collection, we found that most of the top 3 authors are from the United States, and 6 of the top 10 authors are from China. The results of cluster analysis showed that there were 24 high-frequency subject words, and through cluster analysis, it was found that most of these similar themes belonged to the etiology and treatment of NVG. Through the keyword network diagram and the Overlay diagram, we can see that the current research focus is on the etiology and treatment, and the research on anti-VEGF has also become a new focus. After a systematic cluster analysis, the results of the co-citation cluster analysis showed that the citations were co-clustered into 12 co-citation groups. Both the keyword network diagram and the Overlay diagram indicate that etiology and treatment are current research hotspots, while anti-VEGF is an emerging research field in recent years. Conclusion: NVG research literature is increasing year by year, hot topics include etiology and treatment, and the study of molecular mechanism is expected to become an important direction of NVG research in the future.