您的位置: 首页 > 2025年11月 第40卷 第11期 > 文字全文
2023年7月 第38卷 第7期11
目录

获得性免疫缺陷综合征合并巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎抗病毒治疗后眼内液特征分析

Analysis of characteristics of intraocular fluid following antiviral treatment for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated by cytomegalovirus retinitis

来源期刊: 眼科学报 | 2025年11月 第40卷 第11期 893-901 发布时间:2025-11-28 收稿时间:2025/11/28 10:16:33 阅读量:42
作者:
关键词:
获得性免疫缺陷综合征巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎抗病毒治疗眼内液特征
acquired immune deficiency syndrome cytomegalovirus retinitis antiviral therapy characteristics of intraocular fluid
DOI:
10.12419/25041103
收稿时间:
2025-04-28 
修订日期:
2025-05-26 
接收日期:
2025-09-25 
目的:探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS)合并巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎(cytomegalovirus retinitis,CMVR)抗病毒治疗后眼内液特征,为临床优化治疗方案、评估疗效提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2018年11月—2024年12月广州医科大学附属市八医院收治的49例AIDS合并CMVR患者的临床资料,按治疗方式的不同分为全身用药组(n=23,30眼)及联合组(n=26,30眼),全身用药组予静脉滴注膦甲酸钠全身抗病毒治疗,联合组在此基础上加用玻璃体腔注射更昔洛韦,比较两组的眼内液特征。结果:治疗后两组眼内液CMV核酸载量、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6、IL-8、IL-10、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,BFGF)、血管细胞黏附分子(vascular cell adhesion molecule, VCAM)水平低于治疗前,且联合组低于全身用药组(P<0.05);治疗前后两组均未检出单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus, HSV)、水痘-带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zoster virus, VZV)、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(epstein-barr virus, EBV)、人疱疹病毒6型(human herpesvirus 6, HHV-6)。Spearman秩相关分析显示,房水中CMV核酸载量与IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、VEGF、BFGF、VCAM均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:AIDS合并CMVR患者经全身联合局部抗病毒的疗效更佳,可更显著降低眼内液CMV核酸载量及相关炎症、生长因子水平,且房水CMV核酸载量与上述细胞因子水平呈正相关系。
Objective: To investigate the intraocular fluid characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) after antiviral treatment. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 49 patients with AIDS and concomitant CMVR admitted to our hospital from November 2018 to December 2024. They were divided into a control group (n=23, 30 eyes) and a combination group (n=26, 30 eyes) according to different treatment methods. The control group received systemic antiviral treatment with intravenous sodium phosphonate, while the combination group received intravitreal injection of ganciclovir (GCV) on this basis. The intraocular fluid characteristics of the two groups were compared. Result: After treatment, the levels of CMV nucleic acid load, interleukin-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) in the intraocular fluid of both groups were lower than before treatment, and the combined group was lower than the control group (P<0.05); No HSV was detected in both groups before and after treatment EBV、VZV、HHV-6。 Spearman correlation analysis showed that the CMV nucleic acid load in aqueous humor was positively correlated with IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, BFGF, and VCAM (P<0.05). Conclusion: AIDS patients with CMVR showed better efficacy after systemic and local antiviral treatment, and exhibited significant decreases in CMV nucleic acid load and related cytokines in aqueous humor.

文章亮点

1. 关键发现

 全身联合局部抗病毒治疗(静脉膦甲酸钠 + 玻璃体腔更昔洛韦)组,眼内液 巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus, CMV)核酸载量及白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) 等因子下降幅度,大于单纯全身用药组。治疗前后均未检出单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus, HSV)、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(epstein-barr virus, EBV)等病毒,排除多重感染干扰;房水CMV载量与上述因子呈正相关。

2. 已知与发现

 已知全身抗病毒治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS)合并巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎(cytomegalovirus retinitis, CMVR)疗效欠佳,眼内液检测更反映眼底微环境。本研究发现联合治疗可突破血-视网膜屏障,更高效抑病毒、减炎症,且细胞因子可反映CMV复制状态。

3. 意义与改变

 为AIDS 合并 CMVR 治疗方案选择提供循证依据,明确全身联合局部抗病毒治疗的优势,可指导临床优先采用该方案以提升疗效,同时建立CMV载量+细胞因子的评估体系,助力精准监测病情,丰富CMVR病理机制研究,推动眼内液检测临床应用。

       获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS)又名艾滋病,是一种因不良性行为、药物或毒品静脉注射等造成人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency viru, HIV)感染的传染病[1-3]。感染后可破坏淋巴细胞免疫功能,导致患者发生各种机会性感染,其中巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎(cytomegalovirus retinitis, CMVR)是最常见的眼部感染[4-5],多见于CD4阳性(cluster of differentiation 4 positive, CD4+)T细胞计数<50 /μL的AIDS患者[6],发生率高达50%~60%[7],可伴不同程度的视力下降、视野缺损等乃至失明[8-9],故早日有效诊治是十分必要的。现阶段临床无根治药物,常规全身抗病毒治疗虽可将CMVR的发生率降低80%~90%,但受药物生物利用度、治疗耐受性等影响,疗效并不理想,停药后复发率高[10-11]。局部玻璃体腔内注药则以其药物浓度高、起效快、不良反应少的优势,有望成为AIDS合并CMVR治疗的新思路[12]。且有研究发现,治疗期间检测眼内液特征更有助于了解疾病的病理机制,从而及时调整治疗方案以增强疗效,减少不良反应发生[13]。为进一步分析全身联合局部抗病毒的效果,本文以49例AIDS合并CMVR患者治疗前后的眼内液特征为指标进行观察,现报道如下。

1  对象与方法

1.1  对象

       回顾性分析2018年11月—2024年12月广州医科大学附属市八医院眼科和感染病中心收治的49例AIDS合并CMVR患者的临床资料,其中因视力下降到眼科就诊以CMVR为首发症状后确诊为 AIDS 12例,在感染病中心住院常规请眼科会诊后确诊CMVR 37例,按治疗方式的不同分为全身用药组( 23例30眼)及联合组(26例30只眼)。本研究通过广州医科大学附属市八医院医学伦理委员会批准(批件号:市八伦字号K202521423),遵循《赫尔辛基宣言(2008年版)》。所有患者均知情同意参与本研究。纳入标准:1)参照《中国艾滋病诊疗指南(2018版)》[14]相关标准首次诊断AIDS合并CMVR;2)年龄≥18岁,认知及沟通正常可配合治疗及检查;3)符合眼内液检测指征且检查后获得明确结果;4)临床诊疗资料完整。排除标准:1)非AIDS引发CMVR;2)已接受过抗巨细胞病毒治疗;3)由水痘带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zoster virus, VZV)、单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus, HSV)、梅毒、弓形体病或淋巴瘤引起的其他坏死性视网膜炎等;4)合并恶性肿瘤、全身感染、脏器功能不全和血液疾病等病情严重无法完成治疗等。

1.2 眼内液检查 

       1)标本采集,在手术室行前房穿刺采集房水标本,患者取仰卧位,常规皮肤消毒,结膜囊内滴眼麻药行表面麻醉,并用生理盐水冲洗,再以显微齿镊固定眼球,用1 mL胰岛素注射器于上方角膜缘内0.5 mm穿刺进入前房抽出0.10~0.15 mL房水,置于无菌EP管中送实验室检查,术后结膜囊内给予抗菌眼膏和包眼处理。2)病原学检测,参照CMV、HSV、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(epstein-barr virus, EBV)、VZV、人疱疹病毒(human herpes virus, HHV)-6核酸检测试剂盒(上海之江生物科技股份有限公司)说明书要求,应用荧光定量PCR仪(杭州博日科技股份有限公司,LineGene 9600 Plus0型)进行病毒载量实时荧光PCR检测。3)细胞因子检测,参照细胞因子微球流式检测试剂盒(美国BD公司)说明书要求应用流式细胞仪测定房水中白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6、IL-8、IL-10、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor, BFGF)、血管细胞黏附因子(vascular cell adhesion molecule,VCAM)水平。均于两组患者治疗前1 d及治疗结束后1 d遵循相关指南[15]规范检测上述眼内液特征。

1.3 治疗

 
       全身用药组予以高效抗反转录病毒疗法(highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART)治疗,同时静脉滴注膦甲酸钠(武汉大安制药有限公司,国药准字H20066684,规格:3.0 g)治疗,60 mg/kg,每日3次,连续给药2周,之后改为90 mg/kg,每日1次,连续给药2周。联合组在此基础上给予患眼玻璃体腔内注射更昔洛韦(ganciclovir, GCV)(湖北科益药业有限公司,国药准字H20030419,规格:0.15 g)治疗,起始剂量为4 mg/0.1 mL,每周1次,连续4周,每次治疗后予以红霉素眼膏[辰欣佛都药业(汶上)有限公司,国药准字H37022025,规格:0.5%、2 g]涂术眼。比较两组治疗前后的眼内液特征。

1.4 统计学处理

       采用SPSS 27.0进行统计分析。计量资料数据通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验评估正态性,符合正态分布的以均值±标准差表示,组内比较采用配对样本t 检验,两组间比较采用独立样本t 检验,非正态分布的以中位数(25%分位数,75%分位数)表示,组间比较采用非参数秩和检验;计数资料以n(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验;相关性分析变量服从正态分布采用Pearson检验,不服从正态分布则采用Spearman检验,并进一步采用Benjamini-Hochberg校正数据的相关性。检验水准α=0.05。

2  结果

2.1  两组AIDS合并CMVR患者的一般资料比较  

       两组AIDS合并CMVR患者的性别、年龄、感染途径、病程等一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。

表 1 两组 AIDS 合并 CMVR 患者的一般资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of general data between two groups of AIDS patients complicated with CMVR

指标

分类

联合组(n=26)

全身用药组(n=23)

χ2/t

P

性别[n(%)]

21(80.77)

20(86.96)

0.342

0.559

5(19.23)

3(13.04)

年龄img1±s/岁

 

45.23±6.58

44.65±6.42

0.311

0.757

AIDS感染途径[n(%)]

性接触

14(53.85)

10(43.48)

2.387

0.496

血液传播

4(15.38)

7(30.43)

毒品注射

1(3.85)

0(0)

其他

7(26.92)

6(26.09)

CMVR病程img2±s/d

 

95.39±25.68

97.54±24.15

0.301

0.765

患眼[n(%)]

单侧

22(84.62)

16(69.57)

1.588

0.208

双侧

4(15.38)

7(30.43)

 

2.2  两组AIDS合并CMVR患者的眼内液病原学特征比较 

        治疗后两组AIDS合并CMVR患者的CMV核酸载量均低于治疗前,且联合组低于全身用药组(P<0.05);治疗前后两组均未检出HSV、EBV、VZV、HHV-6。见表2。

表 2 两组眼内液病原学特征比较
Table 2 Comparison of etiological characteristics of intraocular fluids between the two groups

组别

CMVimg1±s病毒核酸载量/(copies/mL)

治疗前

治疗后

联合组(n=30)

9.07±2.68×104

(1.86±0.53)×102*#

全身用药组(n=30)

(8.83±2.72)×104

(6.65±1.05)×103*

与同组治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与全身用药组比较,#P<0.05。
Compared with the same group before treatment, *P<0.05; Compared with the systemic medication group, #P<0.05.

2.3  两组AIDS合并CMVR患者的眼内液细胞因子特征比较

        治疗后两组AIDS合并CMVR患者房水的IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、VEGF、BFGF、VCAM水平均低于治疗前,且联合组低于全身用药组(P<0.05),见表3。

表 3 两组眼内液细胞因子特征比较
Table 3 Comparison of cytokine characteristics in intraocular fluid between the two groups

指标

时间点

细胞因子水平(img1±s/pg/mL)

联合组(n=30)

全身用药组(n=30)

IL-6

治疗前

909.50(383.11, 1 435.97)

891.42(388.13, 1 394.71)

治疗后

85.74(39.86, 131.62)*#

561.40(340.98,768.43)*

IL-10

治疗前

7.80(3.23, 12.37)

7.53(2.78, 12.27)

治疗后

0.40(0.30, 0.52)*#

1.57(1.02, 2.12)*

IL-8

治疗前

654.60(551.46, 757.79)

648.75(547.46, 750.04)

治疗后

11.60(6.62, 16.58)*#

16.53(9.53, 23.53)*

BFGF

治疗前

7.10(3.41, 10.80)

6.83(3.28, 10.38)

治疗后

0.54(0.38, 0.68)*#

1.20(0.96, 1.45)*

VEGF

治疗前

107.10(55.45, 158.73)

104.84(54.31, 155.37)

治疗后

11.57(5.22, 17.94)*#

25.10(16.26, 33.95)*

VCAM

治疗前

16 978.70±1 254.25

16 578.97±1 301.47

治疗后

7 585.26±412.15*#

11 007.60±896.37*

 与同组治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与全身用药组比较,#P<0.05。
Compared with the same group before treatment, *P<0.05; Compared with the systemic medication group, #P<0.05.

2.4 房水中CMV核酸载量与细胞因子的相关性分析

       Spearman相关分析显示,抗病毒治疗后AIDS合并CMVR患者房水中CMV核酸载量与IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、VEGF、BFGF、VCAM均呈正相关(P<0.05),经Benjamini-Hochberg校正CMV核酸载量与各细胞因子数据仍存在相关性。见表4。

表 4 房水中 CMV 核酸载量与细胞因子的相关性分析 (n)
Table 4 Correlation analysis between CMV nucleic acid load and cytokines in aqueous humor (n)

细胞因子

CMV核酸载量

IL-6

0.826△▽

IL-10

0.797△▽

IL-8

0.889△▽

BFGF

0.628△▽

VEGF

0.685△▽

VCAM

0.752△▽

△表示P<0.05;▽表示经Benjamini-Hochberg校正后P<0.001。
△ indicates P < 0.05; ▽ indicates P < 0.001 after Benjamini-Hochberg correction.

2.5 典型病例

       1)全身用药组,病例1:女,23岁,诊断AIDS合并出血水肿型CMVR,见图1。病例2:男,62岁,诊断AIDS合并霜样树枝状视网膜血管炎CMVR,见图2。

图 1 全身用药组患者治疗前后眼底
Figure 1 Fundus images of patients in the systemic medication group before and after treatment

20251211102320_7498.png
(A)治疗前见沿鼻侧血管分布的黄白色视网膜水肿坏死灶,累及视盘并伴视网膜出血及血管鞘;(B)治疗4周后见坏死灶缩小,出血部分吸收,视盘水肿减轻,但仍残留轻微炎症痕迹。
(A) Before treatment, yellowish-white retinal edema necrotic lesions were observed along the nasal vascular distribution, involving the optic disc accompanied by retinal haemorrhage and vascular sheathing (B) After 4 weeks of treatment, the necrotic lesions showed reduction, partial absorption of hemorrhage, alleviation of optic disc edema, but mild inflammatory traces still remained.

图 2 全身用药组患者治疗前后眼底
Figure 2 Fundus images of patients in the systemic medication group before and after treatment

20251211102335_9698.png
(A)治疗前见视盘及后极部血管变白,部分呈霜样树枝状,伴有视盘水肿及黄白色坏死灶及少量出血灶;(B)治疗4周后见血管白鞘部分消退,后极部仍遗留坏死灶。
(A) Before treatment, the optic disc and posterior pole vessels appeared whitened, partially presenting as frosted branch-like patterns, accompanied by optic disc edema, yellowish-white necrotic foci, and a small amount of hemorrhagic foci.(B) After 4 weeks of treatment, partial regression of vascular white sheathing was observed, with necrotic foci still remaining in the posterior pole.
       2)联合组,病例3:男,25岁,诊断AIDS合并出血水肿型CMVR,见图3。病例4:女,34岁,诊断AIDS合并霜样树枝状视网膜血管炎CMVR,见图4。

图 3 联合组患者治疗前后眼底
Figure 3 Fundus images of the combined treatment group before and after therapy

20251211102348_9123.png
(A)治疗前见沿颞上血管分布的大片黄白色视网膜水肿坏死灶,伴视网膜出血及血管鞘;(B)治疗4周后见坏死灶显著缩小,出血基本吸收,血管旁渗出减少。
(A) Before treatment, extensive yellowish-white retinal edema necrotic lesions were observed along the distribution of the superior temporal vessels, accompanied by retinal hemorrhage and vascular sheathing. (B) After 4 weeks of treatment, the necrotic lesions showed significant reduction, hemorrhage was mostly absorbed, and perivascular exudation decreased.

图 4 联合组患者治疗前后眼底
Figure 4 Fundus images of the combined treatment group before and after therapy

20251211102359_7251.png
(A)治疗前见视盘及后极部血管变白,呈广泛性霜样树枝状,视盘下方网膜呈典型“奶酪+番茄”样改变;(B)治疗4周后见后极部血管霜样改变完全消退,视盘下方网膜水肿减轻,出血明显被吸收。
(A) Before treatment, the optic disc and posterior pole vessels appeared white, presenting as widespread frosted branching patterns, with the retina below the optic disc showing typical "cheese + Solanum lycopersicum Solanum melongena" changes. (B) After 4 weeks of treatment, the frosted vascular changes in the posterior pole completely subsided, retinal edema below the optic disc reduced, and hemorrhage was significantly absorbed.

3  讨论

       近年来AIDS的流行趋势日趋严峻,逐渐向一般人群蔓延,已成为全球重大公共卫生问题[16]。CMVR则是AIDS中最常见的眼部病变,如诊治不及时,失明或病死率高达10%~20%[7]。目前临床上主要采用全身联合局部抗病毒治疗,以静脉注射膦甲酸钠联合玻璃体内注射GCV为主要方案,可通过抑制感染病毒复制来减轻免疫抑制状态,加之玻璃体内注射更可将药物直接送达眼内,提高其在病变部位的浓度,增加药物在眼内的局部效应,从而最终达到提高用药安全性,延长生存时间的目的[17-18]。但如何准确评估患者当前免疫状态以提高治疗精确度尚未有统一标准[19],郭悦等[20]认为,相比于常规血清学检查,眼内液检查更可准确反映眼底微环境变化,为进一步病因治疗提供参考。本文据此开展研究。
       眼内液检查主要可分为病原学及免疫细胞因子两大类[21]。本研究的病原学检查发现,两组治疗后CMV核酸载量均下降,且联合组下降幅度更大,核酸载量是指房水中CMV核酸的浓度,反映了眼内CMV复制的活跃程度和传染性,高载量提示CMV复制活跃,可能导致眼内炎症,本研究结果表明抗病毒治疗对于减少眼内病毒具有一定的作用,且以患眼为治疗点的全身联合局部玻璃体内注射的效果更佳,可见房水病原学特征可反映疗效,与蔡洁等[22]结果一致。究其原因,单纯全身抗病毒治疗仅可对HIV产生作用,对隐藏于视网膜下的CMV作用有限,而在此基础上联合玻璃体腔内注射抗病毒药物,一方面可通过静脉给药清除全身潜伏病毒,减少全身病毒向眼内转移,降低CMV再激活风险,另一方面能突破血-视网膜屏障限制,进一步提高药物抑制病毒的有效浓度,直接抑制CMV DNA聚合酶,从而共同发挥局部与全身协同增效作用,促使病毒载量下降,故而治疗效果更加显著,CMV核酸载量下降幅度更大[23]。本研究还发现,治疗前后两组均未检出HSV、EBV、VZV、HHV-6核酸,说明本文纳入的患者为单一CMV感染,排除了多重感染对疗效的影响,符合临床研究控制变量的原则。
       细胞因子在机体免疫反应中发挥着重要的作用,与眼内反应的剧烈程度密切相关[24]。IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、VEGF、BFGF、VCAM为临床常见的眼内液检测因子,前三者均属促炎因子,与眼内炎性反应程度呈正相关;后三者属生长因子,均可在炎症因子的刺激下发挥促血管、纤维增生及细胞黏附增殖等作用[25-26],其中IL-6、IL-8、VEGF为CMVR患者进展的关键细胞因子,IL-6主要由感染视网膜的Müller细胞分泌,可通过STAT3通路促进病毒复制,其水平变化可预测视网膜坏死进展;IL-8由血管内皮细胞受CMV即刻早期蛋白IE72诱导产生,与炎性细胞浸润程度呈正相关;CMV的直接刺激及其引起视网膜坏死导致的局部缺氧均会激活缺氧诱导因子通路,促使VEGF基因半衰期延长,增加VEGF在眼内液中的含量,高水平VEGF又反过来促进血管内皮细胞活化,介导VCAM释放,破坏血-视网膜屏障完整性,形成缺血再灌注损伤,加速CMV向神经节细胞层扩散,从而促进病情进展[24-26]。联合组治疗后上述因子水平下降更显著的结果表明,全身联合局部抗病毒治疗可更有效减轻眼内炎性反应,维持眼内环境稳定,控制CMV复制的环境,最终实现降低病毒载量的目的。这可能是由于全身与局部联合治疗可阻断CMV对血管内皮的持续感染,改善局部微循环,减少氧化应激反应及由此造成的炎症级联反应,从而促使上述因子下降[23]。本研究提示,临床上可基于相关指标水平的变化来选择更加合理的治疗方案,确保临床疗效。
       此外,本研究还分析了房水中CMV核酸载量与细胞因子水平的相关性,结果显示,CMV核酸载量与IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、VEGF、BFGF、VCAM均呈正相关,表明抗病毒治疗后房水中CMV核酸载量与相关细胞因子呈相同的变化趋势,均显著下降,提示房水中细胞因子在一定程度上可反映CMV病毒载量,在对AIDS患者进行检查出现上述因子水平异常升高时应警惕CMVR的发生,这可能与炎性因子的异常表达为CMV的繁殖提供了良好的眼内环境相关,一方面CMV在视网膜内进行复制时其基因编码的IE72蛋白会激活NF-κB信号通路,促使单核或巨噬细胞释放IL-6、IL-8、IL-10等炎症因子,造成血管炎性内皮损伤,提高VEGF、BFGF、VCAM水平,另一方面炎症因子通过相关信号通路上调CMV DNA聚合酶表达,为CMV复制提供条件,VEGF等因子则通过增强血管通透性促使CMV扩散,二者相互作用,共同促进CMVR患者进展[23,27]。与WANG等[28]报道结果一致,进一步证实了眼内液细胞因子检测对于CMVR疗效及预后的评估价值。
       综上所述,AIDS合并CMVR患者全身联合局部治疗期间应用眼内液检测对于病原学及炎性水平的诊断具有重要价值,值得应用。然而,本文也存在样本量少、回顾性数据偏倚、缺乏远期疗效随访等局限,结果有待进一步证实。

声明

在本文的准备与撰写过程中,作者未使用任何生成式人工智能(GenAI)工具或服务,研究设计、数据收集与分析、病例整理、文稿撰写及修订等所有工作均由作者独立完成,确保本文内容的真实性、准确性与科学性,作者对本作品内容承担全部责任。

利益冲突

所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。

开放获取声明

本文适用于知识共享许可协议(Creative Commons),允许第三方用户按照署名(BY)-非商业性使用(NC)-禁止演绎(ND)(CC BY-NC-ND)的方式共享,即允许第三方对本刊发表的文章进行复制、发行、展览、表演、放映、广播或通过信息网络向公众传播,但在这些过程中必须保留作者署名、仅限于非商业性目的、不得进行演绎创作。
1、Xie LY, Chen C, Kong WJ, et al. Effect of individualized therapy for AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis in intravitreal ganciclovir injections[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2019, 12(8): 1351-1355. DOI:10.18240/ijo.2019.08.19.Xie LY, Chen C, Kong WJ, et al. Effect of individualized therapy for AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis in intravitreal ganciclovir injections[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2019, 12(8): 1351-1355. DOI:10.18240/ijo.2019.08.19.
2、Kobayashi R, Hashida N. Overview of cytomegalovirus ocular diseases: retinitis, corneal endotheliitis, and iridocyclitis[J]. Viruses, 2024, 16(7): 1110. DOI:10.3390/v16071110.Kobayashi R, Hashida N. Overview of cytomegalovirus ocular diseases: retinitis, corneal endotheliitis, and iridocyclitis[J]. Viruses, 2024, 16(7): 1110. DOI:10.3390/v16071110.
3、Vogel JU, Otte J, Koch F, et al. Role of human cytomegalovirus genotype polymorphisms in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. Med Microbiol Immunol, 2013, 202(1): 37-47. DOI:10.1007/s00430-012-0244-3.Vogel JU, Otte J, Koch F, et al. Role of human cytomegalovirus genotype polymorphisms in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. Med Microbiol Immunol, 2013, 202(1): 37-47. DOI:10.1007/s00430-012-0244-3.
4、Jabs DA, Martin BK, Forman MS. Mortality associated with resistant cytomegalovirus among patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis and AIDS[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(1): 128-132.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.06.016. Jabs DA, Martin BK, Forman MS. Mortality associated with resistant cytomegalovirus among patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis and AIDS[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(1): 128-132.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.06.016.
5、杜葵芳, 黄晓婕, 陈超, 等. 获得性免疫缺陷综合征合并巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎初发期患者临床特征分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2021, 37(7): 513-517. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200628-00308.
Du KF, Huang XJ, Chen C, et al. Clinical manifestations of the initial-stage cytomegalovirus retinitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2021, 37(7): 513-517. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200628-00308.
Du KF, Huang XJ, Chen C, et al. Clinical manifestations of the initial-stage cytomegalovirus retinitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2021, 37(7): 513-517. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200628-00308.
6、Liscombe-Sep%C3%BAlveda%20JP%2C%20Alba-Linero%20C%2C%20Lloren%C3%A7-Belles%20V%2C%20et%20al.%20Utility%20of%20ultra-widefield%20retinal%20imaging%20in%20the%20follow-up%20and%20management%20of%20patients%20with%20cytomegalovirus%20retinitis%5BJ%5D.%20Ocul%20Immunol%20Inflamm%2C%202020%2C%2028(4)%3A%20659-664.%20DOI%3A10.1080%2F09273948.2019.1606257.Liscombe-Sep%C3%BAlveda%20JP%2C%20Alba-Linero%20C%2C%20Lloren%C3%A7-Belles%20V%2C%20et%20al.%20Utility%20of%20ultra-widefield%20retinal%20imaging%20in%20the%20follow-up%20and%20management%20of%20patients%20with%20cytomegalovirus%20retinitis%5BJ%5D.%20Ocul%20Immunol%20Inflamm%2C%202020%2C%2028(4)%3A%20659-664.%20DOI%3A10.1080%2F09273948.2019.1606257.
7、Shapira Y, Mimouni M, Vishnevskia-Dai V. Cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-negative patients–associated conditions, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods and treatment strategy[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2018, 96(7): e761-e767. DOI:10.1111/aos.13553. Shapira Y, Mimouni M, Vishnevskia-Dai V. Cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-negative patients–associated conditions, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods and treatment strategy[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2018, 96(7): e761-e767. DOI:10.1111/aos.13553.
8、Sattik Siddhanta AC. Cytomegalovirus retinitis with multiple co infections in a HIV/AIDS patient having extreme low CD4 count: a case report and review of literature[J]. J AIDS Clin Res, 2014, 5(12): 172-183. DOI:10.4172/2155-6113.1000394.Sattik Siddhanta AC. Cytomegalovirus retinitis with multiple co infections in a HIV/AIDS patient having extreme low CD4 count: a case report and review of literature[J]. J AIDS Clin Res, 2014, 5(12): 172-183. DOI:10.4172/2155-6113.1000394.
9、Hsu WM, Chen SS, Peng CH, et al. Elevated nitric oxide level in aqueous humor of AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. Ophthalmologica, 2003, 217(4): 298-301. DOI:10.1159/000070639.Hsu WM, Chen SS, Peng CH, et al. Elevated nitric oxide level in aqueous humor of AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. Ophthalmologica, 2003, 217(4): 298-301. DOI:10.1159/000070639.
10、Arichika S, Uji A, Yoshimura N. Retinal structural features of cytomegalovirus retinitis with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an adaptive optics imaging and optical coherence tomography study[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2016, 44(1): 62-64. DOI:10.1111/ceo.12577.Arichika S, Uji A, Yoshimura N. Retinal structural features of cytomegalovirus retinitis with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an adaptive optics imaging and optical coherence tomography study[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2016, 44(1): 62-64. DOI:10.1111/ceo.12577.
11、李丹, 孙挥宇, 毛菲菲, 等. 获得性免疫缺陷综合征合并巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎71例临床分析[J]. 眼科, 2015, 24(3): 206-209. DOI:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.016.
Li D, Sun HY, Mao FF, et al. Clinical analysis of 71 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated with cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. Ophthalmol China, 2015, 24(3): 206-209. DOI:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.016.
Li D, Sun HY, Mao FF, et al. Clinical analysis of 71 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated with cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. Ophthalmol China, 2015, 24(3): 206-209. DOI:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.016.
12、Fogagnolo%20P%2C%20Orzalesi%20N%2C%20Ferreras%20A%2C%20et%20al.%20The%20circadian%20curve%20of%20intraocular%20pressure%3A%20can%20we%20estimate%20its%20characteristics%20during%20office%20hours%3F%5BJ%5D.%20Invest%20Ophthalmol%20Vis%20Sci%2C%202009%2C%2050(5)%3A%202209-2215.%20DOI%3A10.1167%2Fiovs.08-2889.%20Fogagnolo%20P%2C%20Orzalesi%20N%2C%20Ferreras%20A%2C%20et%20al.%20The%20circadian%20curve%20of%20intraocular%20pressure%3A%20can%20we%20estimate%20its%20characteristics%20during%20office%20hours%3F%5BJ%5D.%20Invest%20Ophthalmol%20Vis%20Sci%2C%202009%2C%2050(5)%3A%202209-2215.%20DOI%3A10.1167%2Fiovs.08-2889.%20
13、Liang X, An H, He H, et al. Comparison of two different intravitreal treatment regimens combined with systemic antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS[J]. AIDS Res Ther, 2023, 20(1): 46. DOI:10.1186/s12981-023-00543-x. Liang X, An H, He H, et al. Comparison of two different intravitreal treatment regimens combined with systemic antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS[J]. AIDS Res Ther, 2023, 20(1): 46. DOI:10.1186/s12981-023-00543-x.
14、中华医学会感染病学分会艾滋病丙肝学组, 中国疾病预防与控制中心. 中国艾滋病诊疗指南(2018版)[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2018, 24(12): 1266-1282. DOI:10.13419/j.cnki.aids.2018.12.26.
AIDS and Hepatitis C Professional Group, Society of Infectious DiseasesChinese Medical Association Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Guidelines for AIDS diagnosis and treatment in China (2018 edition)[J]. Chin J AIDS STD, 2018, 24(12): 1266-1282. DOI:10.13419/j.cnki.aids.2018.12.26.
AIDS and Hepatitis C Professional Group, Society of Infectious DiseasesChinese Medical Association Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Guidelines for AIDS diagnosis and treatment in China (2018 edition)[J]. Chin J AIDS STD, 2018, 24(12): 1266-1282. DOI:10.13419/j.cnki.aids.2018.12.26.
15、中国医学装备协会眼科专业委员会眼科检验检测学组, 中国中西医结合学会检验医学专业委员会眼科疾病实验诊断专家委员会. 眼内液病毒核酸检测流程及临床规范化应用专家共识[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2021, 46(12): 1167-1173. DOI:10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.12.01.
The Subspecialty Group of Ophthalmic Laboratory Testing Professional Committee of Ophthalmology China Association of Medical Equipment, the Expert Committee of Laboratory Diagnosis of Ocular Diseases Laboratory Medicine Committee Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine. Expert consensus to standardize the laboratory procedures and the clinical applications of intraocular virus nucleic acid testing[J]. Med J Chin People’s Liberation Army, 2021, 46(12): 1167-1173. DOI:10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.12.01.
The Subspecialty Group of Ophthalmic Laboratory Testing Professional Committee of Ophthalmology China Association of Medical Equipment, the Expert Committee of Laboratory Diagnosis of Ocular Diseases Laboratory Medicine Committee Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine. Expert consensus to standardize the laboratory procedures and the clinical applications of intraocular virus nucleic acid testing[J]. Med J Chin People’s Liberation Army, 2021, 46(12): 1167-1173. DOI:10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.12.01.
16、Tsen CL, Chen SC, Chen YS, et al. Uveitis as an initial manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome[J]. Int J STD AIDS, 2017, 28(12): 1224-1228. DOI:10.1177/0956462417694569. Tsen CL, Chen SC, Chen YS, et al. Uveitis as an initial manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome[J]. Int J STD AIDS, 2017, 28(12): 1224-1228. DOI:10.1177/0956462417694569.
17、Parchand S, Barwad A. Cytomegalovirus retinitis as a presenting feature of multisystem disorder: dyskeratosis congenita[J]. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol, 2017, 24(4): 219-221. DOI:10.4103/meajo.MEAJO_230_15. Parchand S, Barwad A. Cytomegalovirus retinitis as a presenting feature of multisystem disorder: dyskeratosis congenita[J]. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol, 2017, 24(4): 219-221. DOI:10.4103/meajo.MEAJO_230_15.
18、何清, 孔双艳, 许诚, 等. 膦甲酸钠与更昔洛韦比较治疗艾滋病相关巨细胞病毒视网膜炎疗效与安全性的系统评价[J]. 中国循证医学杂志, 2006, 6(7): 507-513. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2531.2006.07.008.
He Q, Kong SY, Xu C, et al. The efficacy and safety of foscarnet versus ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with AIDS[J]. Chin J Evid Based Med, 2006, 6(7): 507-513. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2531.2006.07.008.
He Q, Kong SY, Xu C, et al. The efficacy and safety of foscarnet versus ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with AIDS[J]. Chin J Evid Based Med, 2006, 6(7): 507-513. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2531.2006.07.008.
19、Furukawa Y, Hamada H, Kamikawaji K, et al. Successful treatment of an AIDS patient with prolonged Mycobacterium avium bacteremia, high HIV RNA, HBV infection, Kaposi’s sarcoma and cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. J Infect Chemother, 2020, 26(2): 279-281. DOI:10.1016/j.jiac.2019.08.012. Furukawa Y, Hamada H, Kamikawaji K, et al. Successful treatment of an AIDS patient with prolonged Mycobacterium avium bacteremia, high HIV RNA, HBV infection, Kaposi’s sarcoma and cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. J Infect Chemother, 2020, 26(2): 279-281. DOI:10.1016/j.jiac.2019.08.012.
20、郭悦, 汪静, 何勤, 等. 35例葡萄膜炎患者眼内液检测的临床分析[J]. 临床眼科杂志, 2023, 31(1): 57-60. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2023.01.014.
Guo Y, Wang J, He Q, et al. Clinical analysis of intraocular fluid detection in 35 patients with uveitis[J]. J Clin Ophthalmol, 2023, 31(1): 57-60. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2023.01.014.
Guo Y, Wang J, He Q, et al. Clinical analysis of intraocular fluid detection in 35 patients with uveitis[J]. J Clin Ophthalmol, 2023, 31(1): 57-60. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2023.01.014.
21、郝昕蕾, 金玮, 王文俊, 等. 眼内液检测在眼部感染性疾病诊断与评估中的应用[J]. 眼科新进展, 2022, 42(7): 573-576.
Hao XL, Jin W, Wang WJ, et al. Application of intraocular fluid detection in diagnosis and evaluation of ocular infectious diseases[J]. Recent Adv Ophthalmol, 2022, 42(7): 573-576.
Hao XL, Jin W, Wang WJ, et al. Application of intraocular fluid detection in diagnosis and evaluation of ocular infectious diseases[J]. Recent Adv Ophthalmol, 2022, 42(7): 573-576.
22、Cai J, Lu SW, Tang DY, et al. Virology of intraocular fluid in eyes with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated with cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. J Mod Med Health, 2021, 37(22): 3777-3781+3787. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5519.2021.22.001.蔡洁, 卢淑文, 唐东永, 等. 获得性免疫缺陷综合征合并巨细胞病毒视网膜炎眼内液病毒学研究[J]. 现代医药卫生, 2021, 37(22): 3777-3781+3787. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5519.2021.22.001.
Cai J, Lu SW, Tang DY, et al. Virology of intraocular fluid in eyes with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated with cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. J Mod Med Health, 2021, 37(22): 3777-3781+3787. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5519.2021.22.001.
23、周晓昀, 许银娥. 玻璃体腔注射更昔洛韦治疗免疫缺陷综合征合并巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎的效果[J]. 临床合理用药, 2024, 17(12): 128-131. DOI:10.15887/j.cnki.13-1389/r.2024.12.037.
Zhou XY, Xu YE. Effect of intravitreal injection of ganciclovir on immune deficiency syndrome complicated with cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. Chin J Clin Ration Drug Use, 2024, 17(12): 128-131. DOI:10.15887/j.cnki.13-1389/r.2024.12.037.
Zhou XY, Xu YE. Effect of intravitreal injection of ganciclovir on immune deficiency syndrome complicated with cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. Chin J Clin Ration Drug Use, 2024, 17(12): 128-131. DOI:10.15887/j.cnki.13-1389/r.2024.12.037.
24、Kempen JH, Jabs DA, Wilson LA, et al. Mortality risk for patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2003, 37(10): 1365-1373. DOI:10.1086/379077. Kempen JH, Jabs DA, Wilson LA, et al. Mortality risk for patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2003, 37(10): 1365-1373. DOI:10.1086/379077.
25、郝昕蕾, 肖璇, 金玮, 等. 眼内液检测在病毒性视网膜炎中的临床应用[J]. 武汉大学学报(医学版), 2022, 43(1): 153-157. DOI:10.14188/j.1671-8852.2021.0214.
Hao XL, Xiao X, Jin W, et al. Clinical application of intraocular fluid detection in viral retinitis[J]. Med J Wuhan Univ, 2022, 43(1): 153-157. DOI:10.14188/j.1671-8852.2021.0214.
Hao XL, Xiao X, Jin W, et al. Clinical application of intraocular fluid detection in viral retinitis[J]. Med J Wuhan Univ, 2022, 43(1): 153-157. DOI:10.14188/j.1671-8852.2021.0214.
26、Au Eong KG, Beatty S, Charles SJ. Cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome[J]. Postgrad Med J, 1999, 75(888): 585-590. DOI:10.1136/pgmj.75.888.585. Au Eong KG, Beatty S, Charles SJ. Cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome[J]. Postgrad Med J, 1999, 75(888): 585-590. DOI:10.1136/pgmj.75.888.585.
27、王玉琛, 林智, 苏宇玉, 等. 血清IL-8和MBL联合检测对巨细胞病毒感染性视网膜炎的诊断价值[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2023, 33(5): 762-765. DOI:10.11816/cn.ni.2023-220843.
Wang YC, Lin Z, Su YY, et al. Value of serum IL-8 combined with MBL in diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. Chin J Nosocomiology, 2023, 33(5): 762-765. DOI:10.11816/cn.ni.2023-220843.
Wang YC, Lin Z, Su YY, et al. Value of serum IL-8 combined with MBL in diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. Chin J Nosocomiology, 2023, 33(5): 762-765. DOI:10.11816/cn.ni.2023-220843.
28、Wang B, Tian B, Tao Y, et al. Continued decline of aqueous interleukin-8 after multiple intravitreal injections of ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2014, 30(7): 587-592. DOI:10.1089/jop.2013.0241. Wang B, Tian B, Tao Y, et al. Continued decline of aqueous interleukin-8 after multiple intravitreal injections of ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis[J]. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2014, 30(7): 587-592. DOI:10.1089/jop.2013.0241.
1、广东省医学科研基金(B2018138)。
This work was supported by Guangdong?Provincial?Medical?Research?Fund Project (B2018138).
This work was supported by Guangdong?Provincial?Medical?Research?Fund Project (B2018138). ( )
上一篇
下一篇
其他期刊
  • 眼科学报

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    浏览
  • Eye Science

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    浏览
目录

点击右上角菜单,浏览器打开下载

我知道了