论著

2014—2019年北京同仁医院儿童青光眼住院患者的疾病构成特点

Analysis of disease constitution of pediatric glaucoma inpatients in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2014 to 2019

:473-477
 
目的:了解儿童罹患青光眼的疾病类型、特点,更好地做到早期发现早期治疗。方法:收集北京同仁医院2014—2019年度834例0~18周岁住院接受抗青光眼手术的患者,回顾性分析患者的人群特点与疾病构成特点。结果:834例患者中,原发青光眼397例(47.6%),继发青光眼429例(51.4%)。另有8例无法明确诊断青光眼类型。原发青光眼中以原发先天性青光眼最常见,继发青光眼中以白内障术后继发青光眼为主,两种类型的青光眼占总患者数的50%。结论:儿童罹患青光眼的疾病种类繁多,其中原发先天青光眼与白内障术后继发青光眼最常见,重视婴幼儿先天青光眼的筛查,监测儿童白内障术后眼压有助于早期发现青光眼,并给予治疗,延缓儿童青光眼患者视功能的损害。
Objective: To understand the types and characteristics of glaucoma in pediatric inpatients to achieve early detection and treatment. Methods: A total of 834 patients aged 0–18 years who underwent anti-glaucoma surgery in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were collected and their population characteristics and disease composition characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Results: In all of the 834 cases, there were 397 patients (47.6%) with primary glaucoma and 429 (51.4%) with secondary glaucoma. The type of glaucoma could not be definitively diagnosed in 8 cases. Primary infant glaucoma and secondary glaucoma following cataract surgery accounted for above 50%. Conclusion: The causes of pediatric inpatients with glaucoma are various. Screening of primary infant glaucoma should be taken seriously and monitoring intraocular pressure after cataract surgery is also important. Early detection and treatment can prevent further visual loss of pediatric patients with glaucoma.
综述

晶状体悬韧带与原发性闭角型青光眼之已知与未知

Lens zonulopathy and primary angle closure glaucoma:what we know and what we don't know

:140-147
 
晶状体悬韧带异常(包括松弛和断裂)可引起晶状体虹膜隔前移、前房变浅、房角关闭和眼压升高,即闭角型青光眼(angle closure glaucoma,ACG)的发生。特发性悬韧带异常多发生于原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG),可能是PACG的发病机制之一,但仍需前瞻性队列研究进一步证实。此类患者双眼前房深度不等,虹膜/晶状体震颤等体征及超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy, UBM)检查能够诊断的悬韧带异常比例较低,通常在青光眼白内障联合手术前未能被诊断而在术中被发现,故被称为隐匿性晶状体悬韧带异常。目前根据术中表现如充分散瞳可见晶状体赤道部,连续环形撕囊破囊时可见前囊放射状皱褶,超声乳化时囊袋赤道部移位或卷曲,灌注抽吸时囊袋异常飘动,囊袋口不规则等可明确诊断。根据悬韧带异常的程度、范围,选择超声乳化晶状体吸除联合人工晶体植入,联合或不联合囊袋张力环植入或人工晶体缝合固定术。PACG患者术前和术中应关注是否存在悬韧带异常,制定个体化治疗方案,以保证手术安全和疗效。
Zonulopathy (including zonular laxity and dehiscence) can cause anterior displacement of iris-lens diaphragm, shallow anterior chamber, anterior chamber angle closure and elevated intraocular pressure, resulting in angle closure glaucoma (ACG). Idiopathic zonulopathy is common in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), which may be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of PACG. But further prospective cohort studies are needed to verify that. ?e proportion of diagnosis ofzonulopathy in PACG patients before cataract extraction in combination with anti-glaucoma surgery is low by signs of anterior chamber depth differences between both eyes, iridodonesis / phacodonesis and UBM examination. Hence, most cases with zonulopathy in PACG are found during the operation, which is called occult zonulopathy. At present, the diagnosis of zonulopathy in PACG is often made according to the intraoperative manifestations, such as visible capsular equator aěer mydriasis, wrinkling of the anterior capsule during manual capsulorhexis, infolding of peripheral capsule or visualization of the capsular equator during the cortical or nuclear removal; loose or ěoppy capsular bag. According to different ranges and severities ofzonulopathy, phacoemulsi?cation combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, with or without capsule tension ring implantation, or sclera-fixated IOL is selected. PACG patients should be paid more attention to the diagnosis and differentiation ofzonulopathy before and during operation, fully improved the preoperative examination, and formulated individualized treatment plans to ensure the safety and efficacy of operation.
经验交流

眼科进修医生特色教学

Featured teaching of physician refresher

:516-521
 
北京同仁医院积累了几十年的眼科进修医生的教学经验,近年来在进修医生教学实践中应用“以问题为导向”(Problem-Based Learning,PBL)教学法,逐步总结出独特的“辩误施教”教学法。这种教学方法有利于加深进修医生对基础知识理论的理解,提高进修医生发现问题、解决问题的能力及独立的临床思维能力。每月定期召开进修医生沙龙,进行必要的考核、多种形式的总结和交流有利于促进交流,提高教学效果。
Beijing Tongren Hospital has accumulated decades of ophthalmology teaching experience. In recent years, through the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) teaching method, we gradually summed up the unique error-distinguished teaching method, which may enhance the understanding of basic knowledge and theories, improve the ability of doctors to discover and solve problems and enhance their independent clinical thinking. At the same time, monthly salon for physician refresher, necessary assessments, various forms of summaries and communication are conducive to promote further learning and produce a good teaching efficiency.
综述

2014—2019年北京同仁医院儿童青光眼住院患者的疾病构成特点

Analysis of disease constitution of pediatric glaucoma inpatients in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2014 to 2019

:478-485
 
目的:了解儿童罹患青光眼的疾病类型、特点,更好地做到早期发现早期治疗。方法:收集北京同仁医院2014—2019年度834例0~18周岁住院接受抗青光眼手术的患者,回顾性分析患者的人群特点与疾病构成特点。结果:834例患者中,原发青光眼397例(47.6%),继发青光眼429例(51.4%)。另有8例无法明确诊断青光眼类型。原发青光眼中以原发先天性青光眼最常见,继发青光眼中以白内障术后继发青光眼为主,两种类型的青光眼占总患者数的50%。结论:儿童罹患青光眼的疾病种类繁多,其中原发先天青光眼与白内障术后继发青光眼最常见,重视婴幼儿先天青光眼的筛查,监测儿童白内障术后眼压有助于早期发现青光眼,并给予治疗,延缓儿童青光眼患者视功能的损害。
Objective: To understand the types and characteristics of glaucoma in pediatric inpatients to achieve early detection and treatment. Methods: A total of 834 patients aged 0–18 years who underwent anti-glaucoma surgery in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were collected and their population characteristics and disease composition characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Results: In all of the 834 cases, there were 397 patients (47.6%) with primary glaucoma and 429 (51.4%) with secondary glaucoma. The type of glaucoma could not be definitively diagnosed in 8 cases. Primary infant glaucoma and secondary glaucoma following cataract surgery accounted for above 50%. Conclusion: The causes of pediatric inpatients with glaucoma are various. Screening of primary infant glaucoma should be taken seriously and monitoring intraocular pressure after cataract surgery is also important. Early detection and treatment can prevent further visual loss of pediatric patients with glaucoma.
其他期刊
  • 眼科学报

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    浏览
  • Eye Science

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    浏览
推荐阅读
出版者信息