教学查房是手把手教学的重要手段和具体表现，是让同学们把书本知识应用到医疗诊疗中的重要桥梁。眼科学具有形象生动、结构复杂、直观性和操作性强等特点。外眼疾病的特征更是显而易见，针对外眼疾病诊疗中的一些不规范的操作也更易暴露出来。本文以上睑下垂为例，旨在阐明教学查房在外眼疾病教学中的重要性。

Teaching rounds are an important means and concrete manifestation of hands-on teaching, and an important bridge for students to apply book knowledge to medical diagnosis and treatment. Ophthalmology has the characteristics of vivid image, complex structure, intuition and strong operability. The characteristics of external eye diseases are more obvious, and some non-standard operations in the diagnosis and treatment of external eye diseases are easier to expose. This article takes blepharoptosis as an example to illustrate the importance of teaching rounds in the teaching of external eye diseases.

甲状腺相关眼病是最常见的眼眶疾病，公认是一种自身免疫性疾病，因眶内免疫及增殖反应而致突眼、压迫性视神经病变等各种临床表现。近年眼科、内分泌科、核医学科、放疗科针对该疾病开展了一系列的临床研究，制定了相应的临床处理指南。研究显示，被转诊到三级中心的甲状腺相关眼病患者的严重度和活动性有下降的趋势，这可能与对该疾病认识的增强、甲亢和甲状腺相关眼病的早期诊断和治疗以及更有效地使用预防措施有关。但国内临床工作中碰到严重的甲状腺相关眼病患者反有增加的趋势，这可能与临床对该疾病的重视和规范化诊治程度不够有关。

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is the most common orbital disease. It is recognized as an autoimmune disease, which causes exophthalmos, oppressive optic neuropathy and other clinical manifestations due to infraorbital immunity and proliferation reaction. In recent years, ophthalmologists, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine doctors and radiotherapists have carried out a series of clinical studies on the disease and formulated corresponding clinical treatment guidelines. Overseas reports indicate that the severity and activity of thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy patients referred to tertiary centers are declining, which may be related to increased awareness of the disease, early diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, and more effective use of preventive measures. However, the number of patients with severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is increasing in our clinical work, which may be related to our lack of attention to the disease and standardized diagnosis and treatment.