荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA）是眼底疾病诊疗不可或缺的检查技术。虽然开展已有半个世纪，但临床工作者在FFA操作的规范性、科学性、安全性和结果同质性仍有不少顾虑和问题，同时缺乏相关指南和共识可供参考。中国微循环学会眼微循环专业委员会眼影像学组专家就FFA操作规范达成本共识，就开展FFA的条件和配置、适应证和禁忌证、检查前准备、检查操作程序、不良反应及处理、造影后患者告知和处理、造影报告等方面为FFA临床操作工作者提供建议和指导，以期在临床实践中获取良好眼底影像、减少不良反应、提高检查质量效率。
Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is an indispensable examination for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular fundus diseases. Although FFA has been carried out for half a century, clinicians still have many concerns and problems in the standardization, scientificity, safety and result homogeneity of FFA practice, and there is a lack of relevant guidelines and consensus for reference. The experts of the Ophthalmic Imaging Group of the Ocular Microcirculation Division of the Chinese Society of Microcirculation reached a consensus on the standardized practice of FFA, providing suggestions and guidance for FFA operators about the clinical conditions and configurations, indications and contraindications, pre-examination preparation, examination procedures, adverse reactions and treatment, patient notification, and angiography reports, in order to obtain good fundus images, reduce adverse reactions, and improve the quality and efficiency of FFA examinations in clinical practice.
血泪是指因各种原因导致眼部流出血性泪液的症状，其病因和临床表现复杂多样，往往涉及多学科多专业。不同病因引起的血泪，无论是临床表现，还是诊治方法均差异很大。为了向临床医生提供可参考的血泪临床诊疗流程，中国医师协会眼科医师分会泪器病专业委员会及中国中西医结合学会眼科专业委员会泪器病学组组织有关专家以临床实践经验为基础，经过认真讨论建立本共识，对血泪的病因、临床特征及诊疗流程提出指导性意见。
Bloody tears refers to the symptoms of blooding tears flowing from the eye due to various reasons. Its etiology and clinical manifestations are complex and diverse, often involving multiple disciplines and specialties. In order to provide clinicians with a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment process of bloody tears, Lacrimal Diseases Professional Committee of Ophthalmologist Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association and Lacrimal Diseases Group of Ophthalmic Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Integrated Medicine organized relevant experts to establish this consensus based on clinical practice after serious discussion, and put forward guiding opinions on the etiology, clinical characteristics, and diagnosis and treatment process of bloody tears.
球后阻滞是将局部麻醉药注入眼球后方的肌锥内，通过阻断鼻睫神经、动眼神经和睫状神经节，达到镇痛，限制眼球运动和降低眼内压的作用。现代球后阻滞技术是内眼手术眼球制动与麻醉的“金标准”，也是最常用的眼部区域阻滞方式。虽然与该技术相关的并发症少见，但可危害视力甚至危及生命。本专家共识介绍了球后阻滞的应用范围，系统描述了支配眼球运动与感觉的神经解剖、球后阻滞的安全性、操作方法、常用药物、禁忌证和并发症的处理等，为此技术的临床应用提供指导。
Retrobulbar block refers to the injection of local anesthetics into the muscle cone behind the eyeball, blocking the ciliary, oculomotor, and ciliary ganglion nerves, to provide pain relief, restrict eye movement, and reduce intraocular pressure. Modern retrobulbar block is the "gold standard" for eyeball immobilization and anesthesia in intraocular surgeries, and it is the one of the most commonly used methods for ocular regional block. Although the complications related to this method are rare, the complications will threaten the vision and even life. Th is expert consensus introduces the application scope of retrobulbar block, and systematically describes functional neuroanatomy of eye sensation and movements, safety and procedures of retrobulbar block, local anesthetics, contraindications and complications of the block, which can provide the reference for clinical application of this method.
血源性滴眼液是治疗干眼的一种有效的治疗方法。来源可分为自体、供体，其中供体来源又可分为成人外周血及脐带血，并以血清、富血小板血浆、血小板来源生长因子以及血小板裂解产物的形式制成。由于各种血液制品的原理及适应症不同，本文将对不同血源性滴眼液制品的制备及面临的挑战的共识问题进行解读。
Blood-based eye drops can be used effectively in the treatment of dry eyes. The sources of blood-based eye drops can be divided into autologous and donor, and donor sources can be divided into adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood, which are prepared in the form of serum, platelet-rich plasma, platelet-derived growth facters and platelet lysate. Due to the different principles and indications of various blood products, the consensus issues on the preparation and challenges of different blood-based eye drop products are reviewed.
