近年来日益强大的眼内液分子/细胞生物学检测技术因其简便、快捷和高效的特点，使得眼科医生在诊断眼内淋巴瘤时倾向于单纯只依据此类方法而淡化病理诊断的重要性。眼内液分子/细胞生物学技术因其本身只能“间接提示肿瘤细胞存在”的局限性而不能作为眼内淋巴瘤的确诊依据。眼内组织/细胞病理仍然是眼内淋巴瘤诊断的金标准，其价值和地位不能被其他任何分子/细胞生物学检测手段所替代。理解并掌握各种诊断、检测技术的优势和局限性，规范和优化眼内组织/细胞病理标本的采集、保存和送检流程有助于提高眼科临床医生对眼内淋巴瘤的诊断效率和医疗质量。

In recent years, more and more powerful molecular/cellular biological techniques of intraocular fluid have made ophthalmologists tend to only rely on these methods in the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma because of their features of simplicity, fastness and efficiency. The molecular/cellular biological techniques of intraocular fluid cannot be used as the basis for the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma because it can only indicate the existence of tumor cells indirectly. Intraocular tissue/cell pathology remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma, and its importance cannot be replaced by any other molecular/cell biological methods. Understanding and mastering the advantages and limitations of various diagnostic techniques, standardizing and optimizing the collection, preservation and submission process of intraocular tissue/cell specimens will help ophthalmologists improve the diagnostic efficiency and medical quality of intraocular lymphoma.

白内障是世界范围内失明的主要原因。正常晶状体是富有弹性的形似双凸透镜的透明体，是机体内蛋白质含量最高的组织，由晶状体囊膜、晶状体上皮细胞、晶状体纤维和悬韧带构成。白内障为晶状体透明度下降，表现为晶状体混浊。近年来随着分子生物学、表观遗传学、免疫学、有机化学等学科快速发展，国内外学者对白内障也进行了大量分子水平的研究，探讨了白内障发生发展相关分子机制，为未来基因治疗和靶向药物等治疗白内障提供了理论基础。对白内障分子病理改变的了解，是白内障精准诊治的基础。

Cataract is the main cause of blindness worldwide. The normal crystalline lens is a transparent biconvex disc,with highest protein content in all human tissues. The lens is composed of capsule, lens epithelial cells, lens fiber and zonular ligment. Cataract is a decrease in the transparency of the lens, which is characterized by opacity. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology, epigenetics, immunology and organic chemistry,researchers have conducted a large number of studies on the molecular basis of genetic or targeted therapy of cataract. It is important to know the molecular pathology of cataract, which is the basis of precise diagnosis and treatment of cataract.