微RNA-26b(microRNA-26b,miR-26b)是miR-26家族中的一员，作为基因表达调控因子，在细胞代谢、增殖、分化、凋亡、自噬、侵袭、转移等生物学过程中均发挥着重要的调控作用。近年来，随着对miR-26b研究的深入，研究者认识到miR-26b稳定存在于角膜、结膜上皮、晶状体、睫状体、小梁网、房水、玻璃体和视网膜等眼部组织中，且有越来越多的研究证实miR-26b在眼科疾病，例如翼状胬肉、白内障、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变、增生型糖尿病视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等疾病的发生和发展中有着重要的调控作用。该文对近年miR-26b在眼科疾病方面的研究进行了综述，为探讨miR-26b在眼科疾病中发挥作用过程中的分子机制提供理论基础。

MicroRNA-26b (miR-26b) is a member of the miRNA-26 family. As a gene expression regulator, it plays an important regulatory role in biological processes such as cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy,invasion and metastasis. In recent years, with the in-depth study on miR-26b, researchers found that miR-26b stably exists in the cornea, conjunctival epithelium, lens, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, aqueous humor, vitreous, retina and other ocular tissues. More study results confirmed that miR-26b acted on eye diseases, and played an important regulatory role in diseases occurrence and development, such as pterygium, cataract, proliferative vitreo retinopathy,proliferative diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, etc. This article reviews the research progress of miR-26b in eye diseases recently, to provide a theoretical basis on molecular mechanisms involving in the role of miR-26b in eye diseases.