本文基于实验室实践经验，探讨病原宏基因组测序（metagenomic next-generation sequencing, mNGS）技术在眼部感染性疾病中的应用策略与挑战。尽管mNGS凭借无偏倚检测优势成为疑难感染诊断的重要工具，但受限于流程复杂、干扰因素多及解读门槛高，目前尚不宜作为一线常规检测手段。针对眼部标本微量、类型多样及背景复杂的特殊瓶颈，本文提出了湿实验环节保留人源核酸、构建本地化背景微生物库、以及利用宿主数据同步筛查肿瘤风险等关键解决方案。文章强调，通过强化临床与实验室的多学科协作（multidisciplinary teams, MDT），可有效提升结果解读的准确性，从而推动该技术在眼科诊疗中的规范化与精准化应用。

Based on laboratory experience, this article reviews the applications and challenges of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in ocular infectious diseases. While mNGS serves as a valuable tool for diagnosing difficult infections due to its unbiased detection capabilities, it is not yet suitable as a first-line routine test given its complex workflow and interpretation requirements. Ocular specimens, characterized by trace nucleic acid amounts, high diversity, and complex backgrounds, present unique technical bottlenecks. To address these, this article proposes key strategies, including retaining human nucleic acids during wet-lab processing, constructing a localized background microbial library, and utilizing host data for concurrent tumor screening. The study emphasizes that strengthening multidisciplinary teams (MDT) between clinical and laboratory departments is essential to promote the standardization and precision of mNGS applications in ophthalmology.