Strabismusis a prevalent ophthalmic disorder predominantly affects children. For a long time, its diagnosis and treatment have heavily relied on traditional methods, which are highly dependent on clinical expertise. This reliance often leads to inefficiency, poor patient compliance, and delayed treatment. These issues can severely impair visual function and hinder psychosocial development. Recently, there have been significant advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR), both of which are cutting-edge digital technologies. These innovations have brought about a revolution in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of ophthalmic diseases, driving the intelligent transformation of strabismus management. AI demonstrates remarkable capabilities in the automated detection of strabismus types and deviation angles. It achieves this through robust image recognition and analysis techniques, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the disease. By analyzing vast amounts of data, AI can predict surgical parameters, assists in personalized surgical planning, and objectively assesses postoperative outcomes. This significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficiency. At the same time, VR technology enables holistic ocular alignment measurements and dynamic analysis via eye-tracking and simulated dynamic environments. During surgical procedures, VR offers surgeons an enhanced visualization of ocular structures and improves operational accuracy through simulated trials. As a result, it helps reduce surgical risks. After surgery, immersive VR-based visual training programs can optimize rehabilitation outcomes. This review systematically examines innovative applications of AI and VR in strabismus care, highlighting their unique technical advantages and clinical value. The synergistic integration of AI and VR has catalyzed an intelligent paradigm shift in strabismus management. This shift promises to inject new momentum into ophthalmic medicine and propel the field towards unprecedented advancements.
