Globally, the problem of obesity or overweight continues to intensify. According to the "2024 World Obesity Report" and recent data, it is estimated that by 2035, the number of adults affected by overweight or obesity will reach 3.3 billion. In China, the prevalence of obesity or overweight among adults has exceeded 50% and is on the rise. Obesity increases the risk of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Reducing body weight by 5% to 15% can improve related complications. Therefore, the focus on weight loss is increasing. Besides exercise and dietary control, weight loss drugs and surgeries are constantly emerging. However, while weight loss drugs can reduce body weight, their potential harms should not be ignored. Studies have shown that weight loss drugs can have adverse effects on the eyes: causing increased intraocular pressure, leading to symptoms such as eye pain and blurred vision; affecting blood circulation and nutrient supply to the eyes, resulting in inflammation and infection; causing eye fatigue and dryness, and having an impact on diabetic retinopathy, etc. This article focuses on the three main types of weight loss drugs currently available - non-central weight loss drugs (represented by fat enzyme inhibitors), central weight loss drugs (including catecholamine-like preparations and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists), and hypoglycemic drugs with weight loss effects (including GLP-1RA, GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonists, metformin, etc.), and elaborates on their applications and adverse reactions to the eyes. At the same time, it also mentions the potential benefits that some drugs may have on the eyes, such as metformin and GLP-1RA, which may have a protective effect on glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. This article aims to provide theoretical guidance for drug users, related medical staff, and professionals, emphasizing the need to be vigilant about eye risks when using weight loss drugs and to balance efficacy and safety.
