在热带和亚热带国家，真菌性角膜炎是角膜盲的一个重要原因。随着现代医学的进展，早期真菌性角膜炎通过药物或者手术治疗后治愈率有了显著改善，但是很多真菌性角膜炎患者由于缺乏及时合理的治疗，病情变得迁延难治，预后较差。随着无数学者的努力，近年来在难治性真菌性角膜炎领域在抗真菌药物、给药方式及其他治疗方式上有了一些新的进展，目前可选的难治性真菌性角膜炎治疗方式各有特点及优劣之处。了解目前可用的抗真菌治疗方式、其适应证及不良反应等，是处理难治性真菌性角膜炎病例的必要条件。

Fungal keratitis is a significant cause of corneal blindness in tropical and subtropical countries. With the development of modern medicine, the cure rate of early fungal keratitis has been significantly improved after medical or surgical treatment. However, due to the lack of timely and reasonable treatment for many patients with fungal keratitis, the disease has become difficult to treat and the prognosis is poor. With the efforts of numerous scholars, some new advances have been made in the treatment of recalcitrant fungal keratitis in recent years, such as antifungal drugs and administration methods. At present, the treatment methods of recalcitrant fungal keratitis have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to understand the available antifungal therapies, their indications and side effects for the treatment of recalcitrant fungal keratitis.

晚期糖尿病(diabetes mellitus，DM)患者常出现的糖尿病性视网膜病变能够被发现，而糖尿病性角膜病变(diabetic keratopathy，DK)却时常被人们忽略。近年来的许多研究表明，DK对角膜的结构、代谢、生理功能等多个方面均有重要影响。目前临床上尚无根治DK的有效疗法，现主流疗法多集中于对症治疗以维持光滑湿润的眼表，最大限度地减少视觉损失以及提高舒适度，如局部滴用人工泪液、使用角膜绷带镜及局部使用抗炎药物等，但这些现有的治疗方法对于角膜组织损伤的修复能力有限。近年来出现神经生长因子、胰岛素疗法等新兴的治疗方法，有望未来应用于临床。

The diabetic retinopathy which often occurs in patients with advanced diabetes mellitus (DM) can usually be realized, but diabetic keratopathy (DK) could sometimes be ignored. In recent years, many studies have found out that DK can cause significant abnormal changes in many ways, including structure, metabolism and physiological functions of the cornea. At present, there is no effective therapy to cure DK. The current mainstream therapy mostly focuses on symptomatic treatment to maintain a smooth and moist ocular surface, minimize visual loss and improve comfort, such as local drip of artificial tears, use of corneal bandage lens and local use of anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these existing treatment methods have limited repair ability for corneal tissue damage. In recent years, a number of new treatment methods have emerged, which are expected to be clinically used in the future, such as nerve growth factors and insulin therapy.