专家共识

球后阻滞操作应用的专家共识

Expert consensus on the application of retrobulbar block

:595-600
 
球后阻滞是将局部麻醉药注入眼球后方的肌锥内,通过阻断鼻睫神经、动眼神经和睫状神经节,达到镇痛,限制眼球运动和降低眼内压的作用。现代球后阻滞技术是内眼手术眼球制动与麻醉的“金标准”,也是最常用的眼部区域阻滞方式。虽然与该技术相关的并发症少见,但可危害视力甚至危及生命。本专家共识介绍了球后阻滞的应用范围,系统描述了支配眼球运动与感觉的神经解剖、球后阻滞的安全性、操作方法、常用药物、禁忌证和并发症的处理等,为此技术的临床应用提供指导。
Retrobulbar block refers to the injection of local anesthetics into the muscle cone behind the eyeball, blocking the ciliary, oculomotor, and ciliary ganglion nerves, to provide pain relief, restrict eye movement, and reduce intraocular pressure. Modern retrobulbar block is the "gold standard" for eyeball immobilization and anesthesia in intraocular surgeries, and it is the one of the most commonly used methods for ocular regional block. Although the complications related to this method are rare, the complications will threaten the vision and even life. Th is expert consensus introduces the application scope of retrobulbar block, and systematically describes functional neuroanatomy of eye sensation and movements, safety and procedures of retrobulbar block, local anesthetics, contraindications and complications of the block, which can provide the reference for clinical application of this method.
论著

丙泊酚 - 阿芬太尼 - 利多卡因混合剂用于成人白内障日间手术镇静

Application of propofol-alfentanil-lidocaine mixture for ambulatory adult cataract surgery under sedation

:864-869
 
目的:评价丙泊酚-阿芬太尼-利多卡因混合剂在成人白内障日间手术中的麻醉镇静效果与不良反应。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2021年6月中山大学中山眼科中心接受丙泊酚-阿芬太尼-利多卡因静脉镇静下白内障日间手术的患者(静脉镇静组,n=30),并匹配同一主刀医师、诊断相似且在丙美卡因表面麻醉下白内障手术患者(表麻组,n=30)。比较两组患者围手术期血流动力学变化、手术中眼位评级、手术中断的次数、手术时间、手术后苏醒时间、出院时间、术中手术体验以及术后不良事件等指标。结果:所有患者均在原麻醉方式下顺利完成手术;与表麻组相比,静脉镇静组手术中断次数显著降低(P<0.05),围手术期血压更平稳,且术后满意度评价明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:丙泊酚-阿芬太尼-利多卡因静脉镇静能显著提升白内障日间手术患者的就医体验,而不影响手术进程。
Objective: The aim of this study is to observe the efficacy and safety of propofol-alfentanil-lidocaine mixture in adult patients for cataract ambulatory surgery. Methods: Thirty adult patients undergoing cataract ambulatory surgery sedated by propofol-alfentanil-lidocaine mixture from January 2021 to June 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study (sedation group, n=30). Meanwhile, another thirty patients with similar diagnosis performed by the same surgeons under topical anesthesia were matched in this study (topical anesthesia group, n=30). The scores of intraoperative eye position, the number of surgical interruptions due to poor cooperation, surgical time, emergence time, time to discharge, changes in blood pressure, surgical experience, as well as any adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results: The surgeries were successfully completed in all patients in both groups. Compared to topical anesthesia group, patients under sedation showed less surgical interruptions and more stable hemodynamics during the surgery, as well as better surgical experience (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Sedation with propofol-alfentanil-lidocaine mixture can significantly improve the surgical experience of patients undergoing cataract ambulatory surgery without prolonging duration of the surgery.
综述

TRPV1/TRPA1在眼科术后痛觉过敏中的作用

Role of TRPV1/TRPA1 in hyperalgesia after ophthalmology

:760-765
 
近年来,眼科手术后的疼痛受到关注,部分患者术后表现出疼痛区域扩大,神经性畏光。术后这种 对伤害性刺激性信号反常性增加的现象称之为痛觉过敏。痛觉过敏的发展会导致患者延迟术后恢 复等问题。此外,痛觉过敏还会引起患者不适,诱使患者使用更多的止痛药而产生相关的不良反 应。而TRPV1/TRPA1是一种伤害性感受器,能够被伤害性刺激特异性激活而诱发痛觉过敏。尽管 如此,目前关于眼科术后的痛觉过敏发病机制未完全阐明,TRPV1如何增敏导致痛觉过敏的分子生 物学过程尚未明确。
The postoperative pain of ophthalmic surgery has been widely concerned in recent years. Some patients show enlarged painful areas and neurophotophobia postoperatively. This abnormal increase in noxious irritant signals after surgery is called hyperalgesia. The development of hyperalgesia can result in delayed postoperative recovery for patients. In addition, hyperalgesia can also cause discomfort for patients, and induce patients to use more analgesics, which can have related side effects. TRPV1/TRPA1 is a nociceptor, which can be specifically activated by nociceptive stimuli to induce hyperalgesia. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of hyperalgesia after ophthalmology surgery has not been fully elucidated, and the molecular signal pathway of how TRPV1 sensitizes and causes hyperalgesia is not yet clear. 
技术交流

构建眼科高值手术耗材全生命周期的管理实践方法

Constructing a practical method for managing whole life cycle of ophthalmic high-value surgical supplies

:752-759
 
目的:探讨构建眼科高值手术耗材管理体系的思路和具体实践方法,加强眼科高值手术室耗材管理。方法:通过信息化手段,建立眼科高值手术耗材可视化管理系统,与医院各信息系统对接,整合相关数据,建立眼科高值手术耗材合理使用监测系统,将耗材的供应、使用到监测的全生命周期管理与日常监管相结合。结果:通过对眼科高值手术耗材全生命周期体系的建立,实现了术前可控制、术中可监测、术后可追溯的全流程管理。结论:该体系的建立可提高眼科手术高值耗材的管理效率及质量。
Objective: To construct an ideal and practical method for managing ophthalmic high-value surgical supplies to strengthen the management of ophthalmic operating room. Methods: A visual management system of ophthalmic high-value surgical supplies was established by using information technology connected with hospital information systems, then the data were integrated to construct a monitoring system for real-time status of ophthalmic high-value surgical supplies, including the whole life cycle management of the surgical supplies. Results: Through the establishment of the system for whole life cycle of high-value ophthalmic surgical supplies, the whole process management realized the supplies for preoperative control, intraoperative monitoring and postoperative trace. Conclusion: Constructing the system solves the daily management problem of ophthalmic high-value surgical supplies, reduces the blind area of management, and strengthens the supervision of surgical supplies in the ophthalmic operating room.
论著

喉罩复合七氟醚麻醉在小儿门诊全身麻醉眼底荧光素造影检查中的应用

Application of inhaled sevoflurane via laryngeal mask airway in children undergoing outpatient fundus fluorescein angiography with general anesthesia

:695-699
 
目的:观察喉罩通气吸入七氟醚麻醉在小儿眼底荧光素造影检查(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)期间眼位情况、眼球运动的发生率和丙泊酚调整眼位的有效率。方法:回顾性分析2018年6月至2019年12月七氟醚麻醉下接受FFA的儿童的病例资料,记录检查开始时眼位分级、检查中眼球运动发生率、丙泊酚调整眼位的有效率、麻醉后恢复自主活动时间以及不良事件。结果:纳入1~9岁患儿54例,检查开始时42.6%(23/54)的患者眼位1级,51.9%(28/54)的患者眼位2级,5.6%(3/54)的患者眼位3级,检查中眼球运动发生率为61.1%(33/54)。13%(7/54)的患儿需丙泊酚干预,丙泊酚1 mg/kg纠正眼位的有效率为100%。患儿麻醉后恢复正常活动的平均时间为24.4 min,未发生不良事件。结论:喉罩复合七氟醚的麻醉可为门诊小儿眼底荧光造影提供相对满意的麻醉质量,患者在麻醉后可迅速恢复日常活动,丙泊酚可迅速纠正检查中眼位不正。
Objective: To observe the eye position, the incidence of eye movement and the efficacy of propofol on correcting eccentric eyeball position in children undergoing examination of outpatient fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) with inhaled sevoflurane via laryngeal mask airway. Methods: Children undergoing FFA with sevoflurane anesthesia from June 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Eye position at the beginning of examination, incidence of eye movement during examination, the efficiency of propofol on correcting eccentric eyeball position during procedure, the time to resume normal activities, and adverse events were recorded. Results: Fifty-four children aged 1–9 years were included in this study. The rates of eye position from grade one to grade three at the beginning of examination were 42.6% (23/54), 51.9% (28/54), and 5.6% (3/54), respectively. The incidence of eye movement during examination was 61.1% (33/54). 13% (7/54) of children with unsatisfactory eye-position needed intervention with propofol. The efficacy of propofol (1 mg/kg) in correcting eye position was 100%. The mean time to return normal activities was 24.4 min. There were no any adverse events during the peri-anesthetic period. Conclusion: Inhaled sevoflurane via LMA can provide appropriate anesthesia for outpatient FFA in children. Children can resume daily activities soon after anesthesia. Propofol can return the incorrect eye position during examination
专家述评

重视小儿眼科麻醉前评估

Attach importance to assessment before anesthesia of pediatric ophthalmic surgery

:691-694
 
小儿眼科麻醉的挑战是既要保障患儿的麻醉安全又要提高手术接台效率。麻醉前的充分评估和详细的准备可以有效地降低麻醉期间的并发症。在麻醉前访视期间,需要做到仔细地询问病史,全面的麻醉体格检查及必要的实验室检查或专科会诊,完成充分告知任务,从而提高小儿眼科麻醉安全性。
The challenge of pediatric ophthalmic anesthesia is how to balance the safety and efficiency of ophthalmic surgery. Careful pre-operative evaluation and preparation can effectively reduce potential complications during pediatric ophthalmic anesthesia. During the preoperative assessment, it’s necessary to gather information, perform a full physical examination, take required laboratory tests or consultations with specialties, and deliver appropriate information and consent to increase the safety of pediatric ophthalmic anesthesia
其他期刊
  • 眼科学报

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    浏览
  • Eye Science

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    浏览
推荐阅读
出版者信息