慢性肝病（chronic liver disease, CLD）是一种或多种损伤因素长期作用于肝脏导致的疾病总称，其影响范围广、患者人群基数大。病毒性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪性肝病和终末期肝病等慢性肝病会累及眼底，造成视网膜渗出、出血等病变；同时眼底结构改变，如脉络膜和视网膜不同层次厚度，也与慢性肝病严重程度相关。对慢性肝病患者进行眼底检查不仅用于防治相关的眼底并发症，也对肝病临床评估及监测具有潜在应用价值。文章综述不同病因、严重程度和药物治疗下的慢性肝病患者可能出现的眼底病变，以及眼底结构功能检查在慢性肝病患者中的临床应用进展，以比较不同眼底检查方法在慢性肝病患者临床实施过程中的特点及适用场景，并提示未来在慢性肝病患者中应用眼底检查的潜在新方向。

Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) is a collective term for diseases resulting from the long-term effects of one or more damaging factors on the liver. It has a broad impact and affects a large patient population. Viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and end-stage liver disease can involve the ocular fundus, leading to retinal exudates and hemorrhages. Additionally, structural changes in the fundus, such as the thickness of the choroid and different retinal layers, are associated with the severity of chronic liver disease. Through fundus examinations in patients with chronic liver disease, not only can ocular complications related to liver disease be prevented and treated, but these examinations may also offer potential value in the clinical assessment and monitoring of liver disease. This article reviews the potential ocular fundus abnormalities in patients with chronic liver disease under different etiologies, severities, and drug treatments. It discusses the progress in the clinical application of fundus structure and function examinations in patients with chronic liver disease. It compares the characteristics and appropriate clinical scenarios of various fundus examination methods in these patients and suggests potential new directions for the future use of fundus examinations in chronic liver disease management.

目的：探讨口服25%葡萄糖减轻早产极低出生体重儿在第一次早产儿视网膜病眼底检查时的疼痛 的效果。方法：选取2014年9月至2015年8月在广东省妇幼保健院NICU住院的早产极低出生体重儿，随机分为观察组和对照组，观察组在进行第一次早产儿视网膜病眼底检查前2 min，给予25% 葡萄糖溶液1mL口服；对照组未用任何安慰剂。两组患儿眼底检查后分别进行新生儿疼痛量表的 评估。结果：观察组患儿眼底检查后疼痛评分低于对照组(P<0.001)。结论：眼底检查前2 min口服25%葡萄糖溶液1 mL是缓解早产儿视网膜病检查引起的疼痛的有效措施。

Objective: To explore the analgesic effect of oral glucose 25% on preterm and very low birth weight infants for the first time of fundus examination for retinopathy screening. Methods: Cases of preterm and very low birth weight infants in Guangdong Women and Children’s Hospital NICU from February 2014 to January 2015 were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The observation group was given 1 mL of 25% glucose solution by oral 2 min before the first time of retinopathy screening. The control group was given nothing. Pain was evaluated using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale immediately after the fundus examination in both groups. Results: The NIPS of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: 1 mL of 25% glucose solution given 2 min before fundus examination for retinopathy of prematurity by oral was an effective measure for pain relief.