目的：通过随机对照试验，观察氦氖激光在喀什地区弱视儿童中的治疗效果。方法：选取2016年2月至2018年11月期间就诊喀什地区第一人民医院符合纳排标准的弱视儿童，按随机数字表法，分为试验组(氦氖激光+弱视常规治疗组)与对照组(弱视常规治疗组)，比较两组的弱视治疗效果。结果：本试验成功纳入弱视儿童111例(177眼)，其中试验组61例(97眼)，对照组50例(80眼)。与对照组相比，汉族试验组弱视儿童效果明显(P=0.023)，维吾尔族试验组弱视儿童未见明显疗效(P=0.481)；试验组与对照组在喀什地区不同年龄、不同弱视程度、不同弱视类型及不同弱视眼数儿童中未见明显差异(P>0.05)。结论：氦氖激光治疗喀什地区弱视儿童作用有限，为避免过度医疗，不建议在南疆地区开展。

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of helium-neon laser in amblyopia children in Kashgar by a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Amblyopia children who met eligibility criteria during February 2016 to November 2018 were selected and divided into two groups according to random number table: test group(helium-neon laser + conventional treatment for amblyopia) and control group (conventional treatment for amblyopia). The effects of amblyopia treatment were compared between two groups. Results: One hundred and eleven amblyopic children (177 eyes), including 61 children (97 eyes) of the test group and 50 children (80 eyes) of the control group were included in this study. The effect of helium-neon laser was significant in Han children (P=0.023), but not in Uygur children (P=0.481) in the test group compared with the control group.Conclusion: Helium-neon laser has limited effect in treating children with amblyopia in Kashgar region. To avoid over-treatment, it is not recommended to perform it in southern Xinjiang.