Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven intervention to effectively prevent visual field deterioration and slow the progression of glaucoma. Surgery plays a critical role in reducing IOP, with traditional glaucoma surgeries focusing primarily on classic filtration procedures. In recent years, minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS), characterized by less trauma, milder postoperative inflammation, and fewer complications, have been increasingly applied and continuously refined in clinical practice. Ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) is a novel, minimally invasive technique for glaucoma treatment. This article reviews existing research both domestically and internationally, showing that UCP demonstrates good IOP-lowering effects in various types of glaucoma, though its efficacy varies across different glaucoma types. UCP reduces the need for postoperative anti-glaucoma medications, while also exhibiting fewer complications and milder postoperative reactions. Compared with other ciliary body function-reducing surgeries, UCP is particularly effective in alleviating local pain caused by elevated IOP in patients with refractory glaucoma. The type of Glaucoma, matching of the ultrasound probe model, and the number of treatment sectors are key factors influencing UCP efficacy. Accurate selection of indications and optimization of surgical parameters will further enhance its therapeutic outcomes. This article summarizes the mechanisms, surgical procedures, postoperative medication, indications and contraindications, efficacy, safety, and factors influencing UCP outcomes in glaucoma treatment, aiming to provide a reference for its clinical application and research.
