目的：干眼已成为影响儿童和青少年眼健康的重要问题，但其流行病学特征及相关因素尚未在中国西部地区儿童和青少年群体中得到充分研究。本研究旨在调查新疆喀什地区英吉沙县学龄儿童和青少年的干眼患病率，并分析其相关因素，为儿童和青少年干眼的防治提供流行病学依据。方法：本研究为横断面研究，于2024年5—6月在英吉沙县第三中学和芒辛镇中心小学开展，共纳入3 305名在校儿童和青少年进行问卷调查，并随机抽取557名儿童和青少年进行眼表检查。采用眼表综合分析仪测量泪河高度和非接触泪膜破裂时间。干眼诊断基于世界泪膜与眼表学会发布的第二版干眼专家共识（2017）。采用多因素logistic回归分析干眼的相关因素。结果：在557名参与儿童和青少年中，干眼患病率为16.88%（94/557）。不同性别间干眼患病率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.81）。干眼患病率随年龄增长而增加，具有显著的线性趋势。任一眼有屈光不正的儿童和青少年干眼患病率更高（29.05% vs. 12.47%，P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄（OR=1.21）和屈光不正（OR=2.72）是干眼的危险因素，性别、身体质量指数、右眼眼轴长度及父母近视情况无关。结论：新疆喀什地区英吉沙县学龄儿童和青少年的干眼患病率与全国均值相近且偏低，年龄增长和屈光不正显著增加干眼患病风险，应关注儿童和青少年屈光状态对眼表健康的影响，并采取相应的预防措施。

Objective: Dry eye (DED) has emerged as an important ocular health concern among children and adolescents. However, in pediatric populations in western China, its epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of DED and analyze its risk factors among school-age children and adolescents in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, so as to provide a solid evidence base for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2024 at Yingjisha County No. 3 Middle School and Mangxin Central Primary School. A total of 3,305 school children and adolescents completed the questionnaire, and 557 of them were randomly selected for ocular surface examinations. The Keratograph 5M was used to measure tear meniscus height (TMH) and non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT). DED diagnosis adhered to the Dry Eye WorkShop II 2017 (DEWS II) criteria published by Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to evaluate the associated risk factors. Results: Among the 557 children and adolescents who underwent examinations, the prevalence of DED was 16.88% (94/557). No statistically significant difference was observed between genders (P = 0.81). The prevalence of DED increased with age, showing a significant linear trend. Participants with refractive errors in either eye had a significantly higher prevalence of DED (29.05% vs. 12.47%, P< 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified age (OR = 1.21) and refractive error (OR = 2.72) as risk factors. No significant associations were found for gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), axial length of the right eye, or parental myopia. Conclusions: The prevalence of DED among school-age children and adolescents in Yingjisha County is either comparable to or slightly lower than, the national average. Age and refractive error substantially increase the risk of DED. Greater attention should be directed towards children’s refractive status to protect ocular surface health and implement early preventive measures.