暴露性角膜炎是角膜失去眼睑保护而暴露在空气中，引起角膜干燥、上皮细胞脱落进而继发感染的角膜炎症，多见于眼睑缺损、眼球突出、睑外翻、面神经麻痹、手术麻醉等。泪液的缺失、眼睑闭合不全、眼表暴露等因素皆会影响角膜健康，使其处于炎症、溃疡及穿孔的危险中。暴露性角膜炎治疗目的是去除暴露因素、保护角膜上皮和维持眼表湿润，目前常用的治疗手段有手术治疗与药物治疗，有些是暂时性的，有些是永久性的。

Exposure keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea that occurs when the cornea loses the protection of the eyelid and is exposed to air, resulting in dryness, epithelial exfoliation, and secondary infection. Most of them are found in eyelid defect, protopsis, eyelid ectropion, facial palsy, and anesthesia. Loss of tears, lagophthalmos and exposed ocular surface all affect the health of the cornea, putting it at risk of inflammation, ulceration, and perforation. The purpose of treatment is to remove exposure factors, protect the corneal epithelium and keep ocular surface moist.Currently, the commonly used treatments are surgical treatment and medical treatment, and some of them are temporary while others are permanent.

目的：探讨大气污染物NO₂水平与干眼患病的相关性。方法：选取2014年1月至2018年1月共计75 279例干眼患者的临床资料，进行资料汇总。空气质量和天气数据来自西安市气象局2014—2018年的每日环境空气质量数据。分析中包括的环境空气污染物NO₂。所有数据均按小时收集。计算每个变量的每日平均值，并计算本研究中使用的每周平均值。本研究中患者均自愿参加，并经南昌大学第一附属医院医学研究伦理委员会批准。结果：干眼的门诊就诊次数与NO₂水平显著相关。本研究发现不同年龄段的人受到不同的参数变化影响，环境中NO₂的浓度对于全年龄段的人患干眼有显著相关性，对性别无选择性，男女均会因为NO2在环境中的不同水平而患干眼。较高水平的环境NO₂会增加门诊患者干眼的概率。我们通过对患者人数的累计与环境中NO₂浓度进行相关性分析，发现其有显著相关性，因此环境空气污染和天气变化可能导致干眼的恶化。结论：大气污染物NO2与干眼患病有显著相关性。

Objective: To investigate the correlation between NO₂ levels in air pollutants and dry eye. Methods: The clinical data of 75 279 patients with dry eye from January 2014 to January 2018 were selected and summarized. The air quality and weather data were from the daily ambient air quality data of Xi’an Meteorological Bureau from 2014 to 2018. Environmental air pollutants NO₂ was included in the analysis. All data were collected on an hourly basis. We calculated the daily average for each variable and then calculated the weekly average used in this study.All patients in this study volunteered to participate. , and this study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Results: We found that the number of outpatient visits for dry eye was significantly correlated with NO₂ levels. Our study found that people of different ages were affected by different parameter changes. The concentration of NO₂ in the environment was significantly correlated with dry eyes in all age groups, and is not selective for gender. Both men and women could develop dry eyes due to different levels of NO₂ in the environment. Our results showed that higher levels of environmental NO₂ increased the chances of dry eyes in outpatients. By analyzing the correlation between the cumulative number of patients and the NO₂ concentration in the environment, we found that the correlation was significant.Therefore, ambient air pollution and weather changes may lead to the deterioration of dry eye. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between atmospheric pollutant NO₂ and dry eye disease.

局部点药是眼部用药最常见的方式，但一般药物通过角膜困难，药物生物利用度低。纳米载体药物于8 0年代开始用于眼部，脂质体和类脂质囊泡(niosomes)与眼表的黏蛋白相互作用，延长药物在眼表的停留时间。纳米乳剂(nanoemulsion)的表面活性剂可以松解角膜上皮细胞紧密连接，形成转运开口，抑制细胞表面糖蛋白酶P(glycoprotein P，Pgp)降解药物活性蛋白。纳米粒子(nanoparticles)通过角膜上皮和结膜上皮而不会引起毒性。纳米胶囊(nanocapsules)更深地内化到角膜上皮(50 μm处)。聚合物胶束(polymeric micelles)自组装成核-壳纳米载体增强药物渗透角膜的能力。阴离子高代聚酰氨基胺(poly-amidoamine，PAMAM)树枝状大分子增强药物通透性，中性和阳离子低代树枝状大分子通过网格蛋白途径介导药物更高的通透性。纳米晶体(nanocrystal)，除增强药物溶解度和溶解速率之外，它的高黏附能力帮助药物保留和渗透到眼组织中。纳米结构材料与干眼关联密切，为干眼的治疗、诊断提供手段。

Topical administration is the most common method of ocular medication, but it is generally difficult for the drug to pass through the cornea, and the bioavailability of the drug is low. Nanocarrier drugs were used in eyes in the 1980s, and liposomes and lipoids vesicles (Niosomes) interacted with ocular surface mucins to prolong  the residence time of the drug on the ocular surface. Nanoemulsion surfactants can release the tight junctions of corneal epithelial cells, form transport openings, and inhibit the degradation of pharmaceutically active proteins by cell surface glycoprotein P (Pgp). Nanoparticles pass through the corneal and conjunctival epithelium without causing toxicity. Nanocapsules internalize deeper into the corneal epithelium (at 50 μm). Polymeric micelles self-assemble into core-shell nanocarriers to enhance the ability of drugs to penetrate the cornea. Anionic high-generation poly-amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers enhance drug permeability. Neutral and cationic low-generation dendrimers mediate higher drug permeability through clathrin pathway. Nanocrystal, in addition to enhancing drug solubility and dissolution rate, its high adhesion ability helps drug retention and penetration into ocular tissues. Nanostructured materials are closely related to dry eye and provide a choice for the treatment and diagnosis of dry eye.

暴露性角膜炎是角膜失去眼睑保护而暴露在空气中，引起角膜干燥、上皮细胞脱落进而继发感染的角膜炎症，多见于眼睑缺损、眼球突出、睑外翻、面神经麻痹、手术麻醉等。泪液的缺失、眼睑闭合不全、眼表暴露等因素皆会影响角膜健康，使其处于炎症、溃疡及穿孔的危险中。暴露性角膜炎治疗目的是去除暴露因素、保护角膜上皮和维持眼表湿润，目前常用的治疗手段有手术治疗与药物治疗，有些是暂时性的，有些是永久性的。

Exposure keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea that occurs when the cornea loses the protection of the eyelid and is exposed to air, resulting in dryness, epithelial exfoliation, and secondary infection. Most of them are found in eyelid defect, protopsis, eyelid ectropion, facial palsy, and anesthesia. Loss of tears, lagophthalmos and exposed ocular surface all affect the health of the cornea, putting it at risk of inflammation, ulceration, and perforation. The purpose of treatment is to remove exposure factors, protect the corneal epithelium and keep ocular surface moist. Currently, the commonly used treatments are surgical treatment and medical treatment, and some of them are temporary while others are permanent.

局部点药是眼部用药最常见的方式，但一般药物通过角膜困难，药物生物利用度低。纳米载体药物于80年代开始用于眼部，脂质体和类脂质囊泡(niosomes)与眼表的黏蛋白相互作用，延长药物在眼表的停留时间。纳米乳剂(nanoemulsion)的表面活性剂可以松解角膜上皮细胞紧密连接，形成转运开口，抑制细胞表面糖蛋白酶P(glycoprotein P，Pgp)降解药物活性蛋白。纳米粒子(nanoparticles)通过角膜上皮和结膜上皮而不会引起毒性。纳米胶囊(nanocapsules)更深地内化到角膜上皮(50 μm处)。聚合物胶束(polymeric micelles)自组装成核-壳纳米载体增强药物渗透角膜的能力。阴离子高代聚酰氨基胺(poly-amidoamine，PAMAM)树枝状大分子增强药物通透性，中性和阳离子低代树枝状大分子通过网格蛋白途径介导药物更高的通透性。纳米晶体(nanocrystal)，除增强药物溶解度和溶解速率之外，它的高黏附能力帮助药物保留和渗透到眼组织中。纳米结构材料与干眼关联密切，为干眼的治疗、诊断提供手段。

Topical administration is the most common method of ocular medication, but it is generally difficult for the drug to pass through the cornea, and the bioavailability of the drug is low. Nanocarrier drugs were used in eyes in the 1980s, and liposomes and lipoids vesicles (Niosomes) interacted with ocular surface mucins to prolong the residence time of the drug on the ocular surface. Nanoemulsion surfactants can release the tight junctions of corneal epithelial cells, form transport openings, and inhibit the degradation of pharmaceutically active proteins by cell surface glycoprotein P (Pgp). Nanoparticles pass through the corneal and conjunctival epithelium without causing toxicity. Nanocapsules internalize deeper into the corneal epithelium (at 50 μm). Polymeric micelles self-assemble into core-shell nanocarriers to enhance the ability of drugs to penetrate the cornea. Anionic high-generation poly-amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers enhance drug permeability. Neutral and cationic low-generation dendrimers mediate higher drug permeability through clathrin pathway. Nanocrystal, in addition to enhancing drug solubility and dissolution rate, its high adhesion ability helps drug retention and penetration into ocular tissues. Nanostructured materials are closely related to dry eye and provide a choice for the treatment and diagnosis of dry eye.