目的：以光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography，OCTA)观察视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion，BRVO)抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF)治疗前后的变化。方法：回顾性收集从2017年1月至2018年1 2月在汕头国际眼科中心的确诊为BRVO合并黄斑水肿的患者共3 1例3 2眼。患眼行玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物治疗，记录治疗前和治疗后1个月的最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity，BCVA)，OCTA检查视网膜黄斑中心凹厚度(foveal macular thickness，FMT)、黄斑区血流密度。比较治疗前后各指标的变化。结果：治疗后BCVA较治疗前显著提高，差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)；FMT[(242.13±86.02) μm]较治疗前[(521.44±190.27) μm]明显下降，差异有统计学 意义(P<0.001)；中心凹浅层血流密度[(18.44±4.98)%]及中心凹旁浅层血流密度[(44.83±3.19)%]均较治疗前[(25.46±9.21)%，(46.06±5.25)%]相比明显下降，差异有统计学意义(P <0.001)。结论：玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF治疗BRVO合并黄斑水肿效果显著；OCTA能有效评价抗VEGF治疗BRVO合并黄斑水肿的临床疗效。

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy in patients with macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF drug. Methods: In this retrospective study, 32 eyes of 31 patients with BRVO combined with macular edema at Joint Shantou international eye center of Shantou University and TheChinese University of Hong Kong during January 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study. All the affected eyes received intravitreal anti-VEGF drug injections. BCVA (best corrective visual acuity) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were performed before and one month after intravitreal anti-VEGF drug injections. Foveal macular thickness (FMT), macular blood flow density was measured in all eyes and compared. Results: The BCVA before therapy was (0.77±0.46) LogMAR and increased to (0.46±0.30) LogMAR in one month after therapy, which showed a statistical difference (P<0.001). The FMT, foveal superficial vascular plexus flow density and para foveal superficial vascular plexus flow density before therapy were (521.44±190.27) μm, (21.85±6.17)% and (46.29±2.70)%, respectively. The FMT, foveal superficial vascular plexus flow density and para foveal superficial vascular plexus flow density decreased to (242.13±86.02) μm, (18.40±5.18)% and (44.75±3.40)%, respectively. There was significant statistical difference for them (P<0.001). Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF is effective in the treatment of BRVO combined with macular edema. OCTA can effectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of anti-VEGF in the treatment of BRVO combined with macular edema.

目的：观察健康中老年人群中心凹视觉敏感度阈值(foveal threshold，FT)及光相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography，OCTA)的双眼对称性。方法：横断面观察性研究。纳入33例66眼，测量并比较眼灌注压(ocular perfusion pressure，OPP)，FT，黄斑区3 mm × 3 mm范围内中心凹无血管区面积(non-flow area，NFA)，浅层视网膜血管密度(superior vessel density，SVD)和深层视网膜血管密度(deep vessel density，DVD)的双眼对称性；分析各指标双眼差值、均值及其比值与年龄、性别的相关性。结果：配对样本t检验结果显示除FT(t=?2.118，P=0.042)外，左右眼OPP，NFA，SVD和DVD差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)；Pearson相关性分析和同类相关系数(intra-class correlation coefficient，ICC)检验结果显示5项指标左右眼测量值相关强度由强到弱为OPP>FT>NFA>DVD>SVD；Bland-Altman分析结果提示5项指标双眼间一致性良好。5项指标的双眼对称性不随性别、年龄改变。结论：健康中老年人群FT、黄斑区NFA，SVD及DVD的测量值具有双眼对称性。

Objective: To observe the interocular symmetry of foveal threshold (FT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in healthy middle-aged and elderly subjects. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. Sixty-six eyes from thirty-three subjects were enrolled to compare binocular ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), FT, non-flow area (NFA), superior vessel density (SVD) and deep vessel density (DVD) in a 3 mm × 3 mm OCTA scan of macula. The interocular symmetry of all the parameters was analyzed; the correlations of the differences (△), mean value (m) and the ratio of all the parameters with age and gender were analyzed. Results: There was no significant interocular difference revealed by paired-samples t-tests in all the parameters (P>0.05) except FT (t=?2.118, P=0.042), while the rank of Pearson’s correlation index and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) from strong to weak was OPP > FT > NFA > DVD > SVD. The interocular symmetry of all the parameters was proved to be good with Bland-Altman plots, and it changed little with the variations of age and gender. Conclusion: Interocular symmetries of FT and OCTA parameters are observed in healthy middle-aged and elderly subjects.

目的：探究角膜塑形镜(OK镜)配戴者使用中的镜盒的葡萄球菌及假单胞菌污染状况以及其可能存在的危险因素。方法：于四川大学华西医院隐形眼镜门诊收集镜盒使用1个月及以上的O K镜复查患者，使用问卷调查其基本信息与日常配戴情况，并收集其镜盒。收集的镜盒于无菌操作台内取样后转移入葡萄球菌选择培养基与假单胞菌选择培养基，置于37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养48 h后观察微生物生长情况。结果：本研究共收集受试者52例，其中男15例，女37例，年龄(11.8±2.5)岁。在收集的镜盒中，葡萄球菌的检出率为42%(22例)，其中金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为21%(11例)；假单胞菌的检出率为12%(6例)，未发现铜绿假单胞菌，总体微生物检出率为44%(23例)。存放于客厅或书房的镜盒微生物检出率为25%(5/20)，日常存放于卧室或卫生间的镜盒(58%，18/31)。日常护理由家长完成的镜盒微生物检出率为31%(10/32)，由戴镜儿童本人完成的镜盒微生物检出率为65%(13/20)。随着镜盒使用时间的增加，镜盒内微生物的检出率的增加差异无统计学意义。结论：OK镜戴镜者日常使用的镜盒中，葡萄球菌的污染率较高，其中相当一部分是金黄色葡萄球菌。日常护理操作人员、镜盒存放位置是镜盒污染的危险因素。镜盒使用的时间可能是镜盒微生物污染的危险因素，但是需要进一步的实验验证。

Objective: To investigate microbial contamination in Ortho-K wearer’s lens cases caused by Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas and to solicit its risk factors. Methods: Lens cases used for at least 1 month were collected from Ortho-K wearers coming back for after-care in West China Hospital and an interview using preset questionnaire about their demographic information and lens wearing was performed. Lens cases were sampled in clean bench and the samples were then transferred onto Staphylococcus selective agar plate and Pseudomonas selective agar plate, which were incubated at 37 ℃ for 48 h before observed. Results: A total of 52 subjects were recruited, including 15 male and 37 female, with an average age of (11.8±2.5) years. Contamination rate of Staphylococcus was 42% (n=22), in which 21% (n=11) were detected with Staphylococcus Aureus (SA). With no Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PA) was detected, the general rate of microbial contamination was 44% (n=23). Contamination rate of cases stored in living room was 25% (5/20), significantly lower than cases stored in bedroom (58%, 18/31). And cases that daily cleaning operated by parents (31%) (10/32) were less contaminated than that operated by children themselves (65%) (13/20). The increase of detection rate of microorganism in lens cases didn’t reach a significant statistical difference with longer use. Conclusion: The contamination rate of Staphylococcus, in which a considerable part was contributed by SA, is high in Ortho-K lens cases. Personnel of daily cleaning and location of case storage are the risk factors of lens case contamination. Length of case use could be a potential risk of microbial contamination but remains to be proved by further research.

目的：对比两种不同部位M22优化脉冲激光治疗方法治疗睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction，MGD)所致干眼的疗效。方法：回顾性分析汕头博德眼科医院干眼门诊患者105例，包括常规治疗组和改良治疗组两个组别，常规治疗组激光部位为下睑，改良治疗组激光部位为联合上下睑，所有患者行M22优化脉冲光治疗一个疗程(每月1次，共3次)，治疗前后均采用keratograph 5M干眼分析仪分析评估患者的泪河高度情况、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time，BUT)、角膜荧光染色(corneal fluorescence staining，CFS)和睑板腺排出能力等参数。采用t检验分析对比治疗前后变化情况。结果：患者治疗后泪河高度较强脉冲光治疗前明显增高，BUT时间延长，角膜荧光染色和睑板腺排出能力评分均有好转，每组治疗后与治疗前差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)，两组间治疗前后各参数差异比较均没有统计学意义。结论：两种不同部位M22优化脉冲激光治疗方法在治疗MGD导致的干眼方面有较好的效果，是较安全有效地治疗方法，两种不同方法治疗效果无明显差异。

Objective: To study the efficacy of two methods of M22 optimal pulsed technology in the treatment of dry eye caused by meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: A total of 105 patients collected from Shantou Balder Eye Hospital were divided into two groups. The treatment position of the conventional group was lower eyelid, the other group was combined with upper and lower eyelid. All patients accepted M22 Optimal Pulsed Technology treatment for three times, once a month. Keratograph 5M dry eye analyzer was used to assess the height of tears river, break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescence Staining(CFS)and meibomian gland expressibility. The results before and after laser treatment were compared using t-test in this study. Results: After treatment, the height of tear river, BUT, CFS and meibomian gland expressibility were improved. There was a statistically significant difference between each group after and before treatment (P<0.01). There was no significant difference before and after treatment between the two groups. Conclusion: The two methods of M22 Optimal Pulsed Technology are effective in treating dry eyes caused by MGD. There is no significant difference in the therapeutic effect between two methods.

目的：总结大批量白内障扶贫手术的护理安全管理经验。方法：回顾性分析2013至2016年中山大学中山眼科中心医疗队完成大批量白内障扶贫手术的经验、针对下乡扶贫的特殊环境、患者入院时间短、手术量大、接台手术多以及患者自我管理能力差等情况，分析其安全隐患，并在护理过程中采取相应的安全措施。术前充分评估和准备，对患者进行健康指导；术中对手术环境规范管理；指导加强术后患者的自我管理。结果：8批次共1 064例白内障摘除联合人工晶体植入术顺利完成，无1例发生术后感染。结论：建立大批量白内障扶贫手术护理安全质量管理的规范流程是扶贫工作的重要环节，做好术前的评估和准备工作，落实患者的健康教育及术后患者自我管理指导，才能确保手术顺利进行。

To assess the safety of mass volume of cataract surgery and to identify the possible factors with enhanced patients’ safety. Methods: This is a retrospective case series. Clinical data of patients undergoing charity cataract extraction by surgeons from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between 2013 and 2016 was reviewed. The following factors were analyzed: safety management peri-operatively, educational interventions, intraoperative sterilization, and self-management after operations. Results: A total of 1064 patients (8 sessions) underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. No evidence of endophthalmitis in any cases was observed. Conclusion: Establishment of standardized operation procedures for nursing safety management is essential for safety of mass volume of charity cataract surgery in China. Adequate assessment and peri-operative endeavor, educational interventions, nurse guided self-management should be empowered to enhance patients’ safety.

目的： 探讨儿童双目视力筛查仪在先天性白内障中的应用。 方法： 本文为回顾性分析，选择 2017 年 7 月 至 2018 年 5 月在厦门市儿童医院眼科的 3 个月至 2 岁婴幼儿 336 例(672眼)，均由2个固定的医生分别采用小瞳孔红光反射及儿童双目视力筛查仪检查，同时详细记录病史资料。所有患儿均给予裂隙灯检查、复方托品卡胺散瞳后行眼底检查，对眼底无法窥入的者必要时给予眼部B超检查或眼部MRI检查，以排除眼底病变。结果：依据2009年出版的第5版《Harley’s小儿眼科学》的先天性白内障临床分类方法，本组病例中先天性白内障的类型依次为皮质(核)白内障2 7例(35眼)，其中胚胎核2例( 4眼)，板层2 3例(29眼)，核性2例( 2眼)；囊膜性白内障1 9例(28眼)，缝合性白内障2例( 4眼)，极性白内障3例( 6眼)，全白内障2例( 3眼)。儿童双目视力筛查仪筛查出先天性白内障的灵敏度为81.58%，特异度为79.87%，诊断符合率为80.06%；红光反射筛查的先天性白内障的灵敏度为51.32%，特异度为69.97%，诊断符合率为67.86%；两组结果比较均有统计学意义。儿童双目视力筛查仪对皮质(核)性白内障筛查率为97.14%，而红光反射的筛查率为37.14%，结果比较具有统计学意义。结论：儿童双目视力筛查仪在先天性白内障筛查中，具有低漏诊率和误诊率，较高的诊断一致性的优势，尤其对皮质(核)性白内障有高的检出率，将有利于在日常儿童眼保健的辅助筛查工作中，及早发现先天性白内障患儿。

Objective: To explore the application of children’s binocular vision screening instrument in screening congenital cataract. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 336 infants aged 3 months to 2 years (672 eyes) who were admitted to the Ophthalmology Department of Xiamen Children's Hospital from July 2017 to May 2018. They were examined by two fixed doctors with the pupil red light reflex and binocular vision screening instrument, and the medical history was recorded in details. All the children received slit lamp examination, compound tropicamide mydriasis and fundus examination. If necessary, the children who could not see fundus were given with B-ultrasonic examination or MRI examination. Results: According to the clinical classification of congenital cataracts published in the 5th edition of Harley’s pediatric ophthalmology in 2009, In this group, there were 27 cases (35 eyes) of congenital cataract, including 2 cases (4 eyes) of embryonic nucleus, 23 cases (29 eyes) of lamellar layer, 2 cases (2 eyes) of nuclear cataract, 19 cases (28 eyes) of capsular cataract, 2 cases (4 eyes) of suture cataract, 3 cases (6 eyes) of polar cataract and 2 cases (3 eyes) of total cataract. The sensitivity of children’s binocular vision screening instrument screening congenital cataract was 81.58%, the specificity was 79.87%, and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 80.06%; the sensitivity of red reflection screening congenital cataract was 51.32%, the specificity was 69.97%, and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 67.86%; the results of the two groups were statistically significant. The screening rate of children's binocular vision screening instrument for cortical (nuclear) cataract was 97.14%, while that of red reflex was 37.14%. The results were statistically significant. Conclusion: In the screening of congenital cataract, the binocular vision screening instrument for children has the advantages of low missed diagnosis rate, high misdiagnosis rate and high diagnostic consistency, especially for cortical (nuclear) cataract. It is helpful to find the congenital cataract early in the auxiliary screening of children’cares eye health

目的：通过随机对照试验，观察氦氖激光在喀什地区弱视儿童中的治疗效果。方法：选取2016年2月至2018年11月期间就诊喀什地区第一人民医院符合纳排标准的弱视儿童，按随机数字表法，分为试验组(氦氖激光+弱视常规治疗组)与对照组(弱视常规治疗组)，比较两组的弱视治疗效果。结果：本试验成功纳入弱视儿童111例(177眼)，其中试验组61例(97眼)，对照组50例(80眼)。与对照组相比，汉族试验组弱视儿童效果明显(P=0.023)，维吾尔族试验组弱视儿童未见明显疗效(P=0.481)；试验组与对照组在喀什地区不同年龄、不同弱视程度、不同弱视类型及不同弱视眼数儿童中未见明显差异(P>0.05)。结论：氦氖激光治疗喀什地区弱视儿童作用有限，为避免过度医疗，不建议在南疆地区开展。

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of helium-neon laser in amblyopia children in Kashgar by a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Amblyopia children who met eligibility criteria during February 2016 to November 2018 were selected and divided into two groups according to random number table: test group(helium-neon laser + conventional treatment for amblyopia) and control group (conventional treatment for amblyopia). The effects of amblyopia treatment were compared between two groups. Results: One hundred and eleven amblyopic children (177 eyes), including 61 children (97 eyes) of the test group and 50 children (80 eyes) of the control group were included in this study. The effect of helium-neon laser was significant in Han children (P=0.023), but not in Uygur children (P=0.481) in the test group compared with the control group.Conclusion: Helium-neon laser has limited effect in treating children with amblyopia in Kashgar region. To avoid over-treatment, it is not recommended to perform it in southern Xinjiang.