目的：干眼已成为影响儿童和青少年眼健康的重要问题，但其流行病学特征及相关因素尚未在中国西部地区儿童和青少年群体中得到充分研究。本研究旨在调查新疆喀什地区英吉沙县学龄儿童和青少年的干眼患病率，并分析其相关因素，为儿童和青少年干眼的防治提供流行病学依据。方法：本研究为横断面研究，于2024年5—6月在英吉沙县第三中学和芒辛镇中心小学开展，共纳入3 305名在校儿童和青少年进行问卷调查，并随机抽取557名儿童和青少年进行眼表检查。采用眼表综合分析仪测量泪河高度和非接触泪膜破裂时间。干眼诊断基于世界泪膜与眼表学会发布的第二版干眼专家共识（2017）。采用多因素logistic回归分析干眼的相关因素。结果：在557名参与儿童和青少年中，干眼患病率为16.88%（94/557）。不同性别间干眼患病率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.81）。干眼患病率随年龄增长而增加，具有显著的线性趋势。任一眼有屈光不正的儿童和青少年干眼患病率更高（29.05% vs. 12.47%，P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄（OR=1.21）和屈光不正（OR=2.72）是干眼的危险因素，性别、身体质量指数、右眼眼轴长度及父母近视情况无关。结论：新疆喀什地区英吉沙县学龄儿童和青少年的干眼患病率与全国均值相近且偏低，年龄增长和屈光不正显著增加干眼患病风险，应关注儿童和青少年屈光状态对眼表健康的影响，并采取相应的预防措施。

Objective: Dry eye (DED) has emerged as an important ocular health concern among children and adolescents. However, in pediatric populations in western China, its epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of DED and analyze its risk factors among school-age children and adolescents in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, so as to provide a solid evidence base for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2024 at Yingjisha County No. 3 Middle School and Mangxin Central Primary School. A total of 3,305 school children and adolescents completed the questionnaire, and 557 of them were randomly selected for ocular surface examinations. The Keratograph 5M was used to measure tear meniscus height (TMH) and non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT). DED diagnosis adhered to the Dry Eye WorkShop II 2017 (DEWS II) criteria published by Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to evaluate the associated risk factors. Results: Among the 557 children and adolescents who underwent examinations, the prevalence of DED was 16.88% (94/557). No statistically significant difference was observed between genders (P = 0.81). The prevalence of DED increased with age, showing a significant linear trend. Participants with refractive errors in either eye had a significantly higher prevalence of DED (29.05% vs. 12.47%, P< 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified age (OR = 1.21) and refractive error (OR = 2.72) as risk factors. No significant associations were found for gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), axial length of the right eye, or parental myopia. Conclusions: The prevalence of DED among school-age children and adolescents in Yingjisha County is either comparable to or slightly lower than, the national average. Age and refractive error substantially increase the risk of DED. Greater attention should be directed towards children’s refractive status to protect ocular surface health and implement early preventive measures.

儿童白内障是全球范围内可治疗儿童盲症的主要原因之一。对于这些患儿而言，手术是恢复或保护视力的主要方法。然而，手术后的并发症，特别是青光眼相关不良事件(glaucoma-related adverse events, GRAEs)，常常成为导致儿童二次致盲的主要原因，这引起了眼科医疗领域的广泛关注。文章综述了儿童Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术后GRAEs的影响因素，包括手术设计、眼部解剖特征、其他眼部发育异常和全身疾病等。手术设计中是否植入人工晶状体(intraocular lens，IOL)以及植入的时机和位置都对GRAEs的发生有显著影响。此外，眼部解剖特征如角膜直径、眼轴长度、前房深度、中央角膜厚度和术前晶状体厚度等，也是影响GRAEs发生的重要因素。同时，其他眼部发育异常和全身疾病，如先天性无虹膜、先天性风疹综合征等，也会增加儿童白内障术后青光眼的发生率。文章还总结了预测GRAEs的方法，并推荐使用Cox回归模型建立预测模型。这种模型可以有效地预测儿童Ⅱ期IOL植入术后在特定时间段内发展为GRAEs的概率，从而为早期识别GRAEs高危儿童提供了重要的借鉴。通过对GRAEs影响因素的深入分析和预测模型的建立，文章旨在帮助眼科医生更好地理解GRAEs的发生机制，并在手术前对患儿进行风险评估，从而选择最佳的手术方案和预防措施。这对于改善患儿的术后恢复、减少并发症、保护视功能具有重要的临床意义。

Pediatric cataract is one of the leading causes of treatable childhood blindness worldwide. For these children, surgery is the primary method to restore or preserve vision. However, postoperative complications, particularly glaucoma-related adverse events (GRAEs), often become the main reason for secondary blindness in children, attracting widespread concern in the field of ophthalmology. This study reviews the impact factors of glaucoma-related adverse events after secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children, including surgical design, ocular anatomical characteristics, other ocular developmental abnormalities, and systemic diseases. Whether to implant an IOL in the surgical design and the timing and positioning of the implantation have a significant impact on the occurrence of GRAEs. In addition, ocular anatomical characteristics, such as corneal diameter, axial length, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, and preoperative lens thickness, are also important factors affecting the occurrence of GRAEs. At the same time, other ocular developmental abnormalities and systemic diseases, such as congenital aniridia and congenital rubella syndrome, also increase the incidence of glaucoma after pediatric cataract surgery. The article also summarizes methods for predicting GRAEs and recommends using the Cox regression model to establish a predictive model. This model can effectively predict the probability of children developing GRAEs after secondary IOL implantation within a specific time period, providing an important reference for the early identification of high-risk children for GRAEs. Through in-depth analysis of the impact factors of GRAEs and the establishment of predictive models, the article aims to help ophthalmologists better understand the mechanisms of GRAEs and assess the risks of children before surgery, thereby selecting the best surgical plan and preventive measures. This is of great clinical significance for improving postoperative recovery in children, reducing complications, and protecting visual function.