Dengue fever is a globally prevalent insect-borne disease caused by dengue virus, and its incidence has witnessed an exponential rise worldwide in recent years. Alongside the dengue fever epidemic, its related ocular complications have gradually drawn the attention of ophthalmologists. As a significant systemic complication of dengue infection, Dengue-associated Ocular Diseases (DAOD) have a multifaced pathological mechanism. This encompasses various factors, such as viral subtypes, non-structural protein 1 (NS1) viral antigens, host anti-DENV NS1 antibodies, and immune inflammatory responses. The clinical spectrum of DAOD is intricate, affecting multiple ocular structures including the conjunctiva, uvea, retina, optic nerve and extraocular muscles. The severity of lesions varies greatly among individuals, ranging from self-limited conjunctival hemorrhage to vision-threatening conditions like optic neuritis. This wide array of clinical manifestations further complicates the diagnosis and treatment process. Given the absence of a definitive gold standard for diagnosis, the diagnosing DAOD typically necessitates a thorough analysis encompassing the patient's systemic symptoms, dengue-specific antibody serological testing, ocular symptoms, clinical features, and imaging examinations. Treatment approaches are tailored to each individual, aiming to alleviate symptoms, prevent exacerbations, and facilitate recovery. The objective of this article is to conduct a comprehensively review of the research advancements in the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment strategies of DAOD. It aims to furnish clinicians with more comprehensive and precise guidance, thereby enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of DAOD and reducing the disability rate among patients.
