With the increasing requirements for medical imaging technologies in clinical diagnosis, treatment and pathological basis research of ophthalmic diseases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been broadly used in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of ophthalmic diseases. As a novel analytic method of MR images, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) quantitatively analyzes the changes in brain gray, white matter density and volume in each individual voxel in MR images to reflect the differences of anatomical structures in the corresponding areas, and it provides a novel way to reveal the neuronal pathological changes in ophthalmic diseases.