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视盘内出血伴视盘旁视网膜下出血:一例病例报告并文献复习

Intrapapillary hemorrhage with adjacent peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage: a case report and literature review

来源期刊: 眼科学报 | 2024年12月 第39卷 第12期 622-630 发布时间:2024-12-28 收稿时间:2025/1/6 16:06:08 阅读量:250
作者:
关键词:
视盘内出血视盘旁视网膜下出血近视玻璃体积血
intrapapillary hemorrhage peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage myopia vitreous hemorrhage
DOI:
10.12419/24080802
收稿时间:
2024-08-08 
修订日期:
2024-08-30 
接收日期:
2024-09-30 
视盘内出血伴视盘旁视网膜下出血(intrapapillary hemorrhage with adjacent peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage, IHAPSH)的病例报道较为少见。此病好发于患有轻、中度近视的中青年,且伴有视盘向倾斜或小视盘的患者,具有自限性,视力预后良好,无后遗症,而且很少复发。IHAPSH的眼底表现为视盘内出血、视盘旁视网膜下出血,严重者可出现玻璃体积血。文章报道一例IHAPSH,患者为26岁中度近视女性,主要症状为左眼无痛性视力下降伴眼前黑影飘动6 d。双眼最佳矫正视力均为1.0。眼底检查发现双眼视盘偏小,呈倾斜位,右眼视盘鼻侧见红色视网膜下出血灶;左眼视盘内及视盘鼻侧、上方、颞上方视网膜浅层出血,视盘鼻侧见边界清晰的新月形红色视网膜下出血。未进行特殊治疗,2个月后出血完全吸收。此病病因复杂多样,需与多种眼底疾病相鉴别,及时行眼科相关检查以排除其他原因导致的视盘水肿、视盘出血。文章通过文献回顾,总结其临床特征、发病机制、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。
Intrapapillary hemorrhage with adjacent peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage (IHAPSH) is rarely reported. IHAPSH commonly affects young myopic eyes with tilted optic discs and spontaneously resolves without treatment, with an excellent prognosis for vision recovery and very rarely recur. The fundus manifestations of IHAPSH are intrapapillary hemorrhage, peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage, or even with vitreous bleeding. An 26-year-old female with mild myopia presented with symptoms of blurry vision and black filamentous floaters for 6 days. Her BCVA was 1.0 in both eyes. Fundus examination showed that both discs appear small, and elevated in the nasal regions. Intrapapillary hemorrhage, peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage and vitreous hemorrhage were observed in the left eye, while only peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage was seen in the right eye. The hemorrhage was resolved spontaneously without any complication after 2 months. The etiology of IHAPSH is complex, and it should be differentiated from other causes of papilledema and disc hemorrhage. The clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were summarized through the literature review.

文章亮点

1. 关键发现

 • 报道一例少见的视盘内出血伴视盘旁视网膜下出血 (intrapapillary hemorrhage with adjacent peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage, IHAPSH) 病例,通过 FFA、OCT、视野等多模态影像学检查,并结合相关文献复习,更加全面地了解 IHAPSH 的临床特征、发病机制、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。

2. 已知与发现

 • IHAPSH好发于患有轻、中度近视的中青年,且伴有视盘向倾斜或小视盘的患者,具有自限性,视力预后良好,无后遗症,而且很少复发。
 • IHAPSH 的眼底病变主要位于视盘内及视盘旁出现火焰状鲜红色出血灶及鼻侧视网膜下半月形红色出血灶,严重者可出现玻璃体积血 (vitreous bleeding, VB)。临床上多以单眼突然起病,无症状或者症状轻微。

3. 意义与改变

 • IHAPSH 的病因复杂多样,需与多种眼底疾病相鉴别,及时行眼科相关检查以排除其他原因导致的视盘水肿、视盘出血。在明确诊断为本病后,需做好随访观察,避免不必要的治疗。

       视盘内出血伴视盘旁视网膜下出血(intrapapillary hemorrhage with adjacent peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage, IHAPSH)的病例临床报道较为少见[1]。本病好发于患有轻、中度近视的中青年,且伴有视盘向倾斜或小视盘的患者。IHAPSH的眼底病变主要位于视盘内及视盘旁出现火焰状鲜红色出血灶及鼻侧视网膜下半月形红色出血灶,严重者可出现玻璃体积血(vitreous bleeding, VB)[2]。临床上多以单眼突然起病,无症状或者症状轻微。患者常以视力轻度下降伴眼前黑影飘动为主要症状就诊。此病具有自限性,其预后良好,无后遗症,而且很少复发[3]。此病的发病机制尚不明确。为了提高对IHAPSH的认识,本文报告1例IHAPSH,通过回顾本病例的相关特点,并结合文献回顾,总结其发病机制、临床特征、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。

1 病例资料

       患者为女性,26岁,2023年8月21日以“左眼视物模糊伴眼前黑影飘动6 d”为主诉来我院诊疗。患者既往身体健康,全身检查未见明显异常;否认眼外伤及有憋气、剧烈咳嗽等可致胸、腹腔内压力升高疾病史;近期无呼吸道感染、发热史。患者屈光不正病史多年,戴镜矫正。眼部检查:双眼裸眼视力为0.25,矫正视力为−6.00 D→1.0;双眼眼压为23 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa,Topcon,非接触眼压计),双眼眼前节均未见明显异常,右眼玻璃体未见明显异常,左眼后部玻璃体腔见少量血性混浊。眼底检查:双眼视盘偏小,呈倾斜位,右眼视盘鼻侧边界稍模糊,色淡红,视盘鼻侧存在视盘旁卵圆形强反射团样结构(peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structure, PHOMS),PHMOS鼻侧少许视网膜下出血(图1A);左眼视盘内及视盘鼻侧、上方、颞上方视网膜浅层出血,视盘鼻侧见边界清晰的新月形红色视网膜下出血(图1B)。双眼视网膜血管走行可,视网膜平伏。辅助检查:血、尿常规、凝血功能、肝肾功能均未见特殊异常;乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、梅毒螺旋体、艾滋病病毒检测结果均阴性。头颅联合眼眶磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)平扫检查结果:未见明显异常。光学相关断层扫描(optical coherence tomography, OCT):双眼视盘鼻侧PHOMS使视盘鼻侧抬高,鼻侧神经纤维层下间隙增宽,间隙内见团块状中高反射信号影(考虑为视网膜下出血)(图1C、F)。B超检查结果仅见双眼视盘轻度隆起(图1D、E)。视野检查结果:右眼视野无缺损,左眼视野生理盲点扩大(图1G、H)。眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA)显示早期右眼视盘鼻侧视网膜下出血表现为边界清晰的遮蔽荧光,左眼视盘表面和周围浅层视网膜出血及视盘鼻侧视网膜下出血表现为遮蔽荧光,晚期右眼鼻侧视盘和左眼视盘可见局限性荧光着染(图1I、J)。诊断为:双眼 IHAPSH;左眼VB;双眼屈光不正。给予患者活血化瘀、改善微循环、营养神经等药物治疗。治疗后第5天,患者自觉左眼前黑影明显减少,左眼视盘浅层及其周围出血较前有所减少(图2B)。治疗后第10天,患者左眼眼前黑影飘动消失,左眼视盘浅层及其周围出血明显减少(图2F)。治疗后2个月复诊,患者左眼视盘及其周围出血已完全吸收(图2J)。OCT检查结果显示随着治疗时间的延长,左眼视盘鼻侧神经纤维层下间隙及高反射信号逐渐减少,并在治疗后2个月消失(图2D、H、L)。右眼视盘旁视网膜下出血逐渐减少(图2C、G、K)。双眼视力为0.25,矫正视力为−6.50 DS→1.0;双眼眼压为21 mmHg。
图 1 双眼视盘内出血伴视盘旁视网膜下出血患者初次发病的影像学检查结果
Figure 1 Imaging results of the patient with initial onset of intrapapillary hemorrhage with adjacent peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage 
(A) 右眼视盘鼻侧见红色视网膜下出血灶;(B)左眼视盘内及视盘鼻侧、上方、颞上方视网膜浅层出血,视盘鼻侧见边界清晰的红色视网膜下出血;(D、E) B超显示双眼视盘轻度隆起;(C、F) OCT显示双眼视盘鼻侧PHOMS使视盘鼻侧抬高(红色箭头),鼻侧神经纤维层下间隙增宽,间隙内见团块状中高反射信号影;(G、H)视野检查:右眼视野无缺损,仅见左眼生理盲点扩大;(I、J) FFA显示右眼视盘鼻侧及左眼视盘浅层及其周围视网膜下出血、玻璃体积血,形成边界清晰的遮蔽荧光。
(A) There were peripapillary subretinal hemorrhages on the nasal edge of the right optic disc; (B) There were peripapillary subretinal hemorrhages, vitreous hemorrhages, and intrapapillary hemorrhage involving the nasal, upper and temporal margin of the left optic disc; (D, E) B-scan ultrasonography images showing an elevated optic disc was found in both eye; (C, F) Section of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of both eye revealing an elevation of the nasal side of the optic disc and a sharp nasal edge of the scleral canal (red arrow), and an elevated optic nerve head accompanied by a widening of the adjacent nasal peripapillary subretinal space; (G, H) Visual field exams showed enlarge phusiological scotoma in left eye, and right visual field exam was within normal limits; (I, J) Fluorescein angiography revealed blocked fluorescence due to intrapapillary hemorrhage, peripapillary subretinal hemorrhages and vitreous hemorrhages.
图 2 治疗后患者双眼的眼底照相和OCT检查结果
Figure 2 Fundus photography and OCT examination of both eyes 
眼底照相和OCT检查显示左眼视盘内出血伴视盘旁视网膜下出血在初次检查后5天(B、D),10天(F、H)和2个月( J、L)后自发消退;眼底照相和OCT检查显示右眼视盘旁视网膜下出血在初次检查后5天(A、C),10天(E、G)和2个月 (I、K)后逐渐减少。OCT显示双眼视盘鼻侧PHOMS使视盘鼻侧抬高(红色箭头)。
Serial fundus photography and OCT scans revealed spontaneous resolution of intrapapillary hemorrhage with adjacent peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage in left eye at 5 days (B, D), 10 days (F, H), and 2 month ( J, L) after initial examination. Serial fundus photography and OCT scans revealed gradually decreases of peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage in right eye at 5 days (A, C), 10 days (E, G), and 2 months (I, K) after initial examination. Section of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of both eye revealing an elevation of the nasal side of the optic disc and a sharp nasal edge of the scleral canal (K and L, red arrow).

2 讨论

       目前从国内外的文献报道来看,对于此病的命名尚未统一。严密等[4]称为视盘周围视网膜下出血,王敏等[5]以特发性视盘及视盘周围视网膜下出血表述,王文吉等[3]以IHAPSH命名。虽然国内命名有所不同,但是从国内外报道的描述内容看,以IHAPSH者居多。此病的病因复杂多样,目前对其发病机制尚无定论。
        IHAPSH早在1975年就已被报道[6],在亚洲的年轻人群中较为常见[1-2]。此类疾病有以下特点:1)起病突然,症状轻微,常单眼发病;2)好发于轻、中度近视的中青年患者;3)倾斜视盘或小视盘;4)视力预后较好,且很少复发。患者常以轻度视力下降伴眼前黑影飘动为主要症状就诊。眼前节及玻璃体无炎症表现,眼底检查结果显示视网膜血管正常,视盘倾斜,向鼻侧或上方盘沿隆起,边界模糊,视盘小且拥挤呈小视杯或视杯缺失。视盘内出血量少时呈火焰状,大量出血可蔓延至整个视盘并累及视盘旁的视网膜。此外,视盘旁周围也可出现边界清晰的弧形红色视网膜下出血,部位以鼻侧和上方居多,颞侧少见。视网膜下出血多为半月形,环绕1/3~2/3盘沿。当出血蔓延至玻璃体腔时,引起VB,导致患者出现飞蚊症[1-2,5]。B超显示视盘轻度隆起,部分病例可发现玻璃体与视网膜牵拉[6]。OCT检查可见视盘及其周围神经组织隆起,视盘鼻侧和上方抬高、倾斜,视网膜下间隙增宽,同时还可见视盘鼻侧上、下方巩膜缘锐利,颞侧钝圆,视盘旁视网膜下出血产生高反射影,少数患者可见玻璃体视盘牵拉[2,7]。FFA结果显示患眼视网膜血管走行和充盈无异常。造影早期视盘内及邻近视盘浅层出血表现为视网膜前遮蔽荧光,视盘旁视网膜下出血表现为边界清晰的视网膜下遮蔽荧光;当合并VB时,在视网膜前可表现为边界模糊的遮蔽荧光;造影晚期可见视盘中央部分荧光素晕染,无明显的荧光素渗漏[1]。视野结果检查显示多数患者视野基本正常,少数患者出现生理盲点扩大,轻度鼻侧、上方、下方视野缩小。CT扫描少数患者可见视神经增粗的现象[3]
       IHAPSH可能与视盘独特的解剖结构有关:1)拥挤的视盘向倾斜和上方抬高,造成鼻侧巩膜缘锐利,颞侧钝圆,鼻侧视网膜下的间隙增宽,视神经增粗等现象;另外,后巩膜孔呈漏斗形,视神经在经过小巩膜孔时,锐角进入鼻侧视网膜,形成内口边缘向视神经方向突出并卡住视神经的情况;由此推测出血与巩膜孔挤压有关。而高度近视眼患者由于巩膜孔的扩大,发生IHAPSH的情况相对较少[8-9]。2)视盘特殊的血液供应,视盘内的神经纤维丝轻链(neurofilament light chain, NFL)主要由邻近视网膜动脉分支的毛细血管供应,筛板和筛板前区的血液供应主要由睫状后短动脉的分支通过后巩膜孔鼻侧的Elschnig边缘组织进入,二者之间相互有沟通。筛板前的部分静脉系统几乎完全引流至视网膜中央静脉系统,很少流回视盘周围的静脉血管。近视眼视盘筛板前区的睫状后短动脉分支在穿越视盘鼻侧Elschnig边缘组织时,被倾斜、拥挤的视盘拉伸、扭曲和/压迫,局部循环障碍,容易引起出血。多种眼底出血现象可共存,即视盘表面及其周围的视网膜内、视网膜下和VB;出血源于视盘周围的脉络膜毛细血管和睫状后动脉的分支,它们穿过视神经鼻侧和巩膜管相邻内侧之间的Elschnig边缘组织,到达视神经鼻侧边缘的视网膜下空间、视网膜周围、视盘内和/或穿透视盘前部的神经组织,甚至到达玻璃体腔[10-12]
       IHAPSH眼底的主要表现视盘内及视盘旁出现火焰状鲜红色出血灶及鼻侧视网膜下半月形红色出血灶,少数患者出血可蔓延至玻璃体腔中[2-3]。既往的研究[13-14]将IHAPSH分为3种类型:I型,单纯视盘旁视网膜下出血(peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage, PSH);Ⅱ型,PSH+视盘内出血(intrapapillary hemorrhage, IPH);Ⅲ型,PSH+IPH+VB。Sibony等[13]报道10例单眼视功能正常的白人近视女性,眼底检查在拥挤、倾斜的视盘鼻侧、鼻上方发现孤立的视网膜下出血灶(无视盘内出血)。由此表明单纯的PSH对视功能无影响。Zou等[13]在其观察的38只眼中,PSH占100%,其中4只眼未发现IPH,反而发现视盘内出血的患者均有PSH。PSH对视功能没有影响,IPH引起视网膜增厚时,患者可出现不同的临床症状,尤其是在发生VB时,症状则更加明显。随着出血的吸收,视功能会逐渐提高,同时证实视神经无损伤,视力会完全恢复正常。根据出血的形态学特征,推测PSH可能起源于深层视网膜或脉络膜毛细血管,而IPH可能起源于神经纤维层中的视网膜毛细血管。根据受累的程度,推测出血呈由深到浅的发展趋势,即首先发生脉络膜血管出血,随后出现视网膜血管出血[14]。因此,PSH是本病最基本的表现形式。
       既往的研究发现,小视盘和视盘倾斜是IHAPSH发病的危险因素[1-5,15]。视盘小,拥挤,向鼻侧缘隆起,神经纤维在鼻侧缘呈锐角进入视神经,而且受累的视杯狭窄且深。此独特的形态特征可能会将视网膜和脉络膜组织挤压到隆起区域的上方和周围,造成受累视盘的血管网紧张,张力升高,从而在受到足够刺激的情况下,更容易出血[9]。腾岩等[2]通过OCT检测发现,IHAPSH患者的视盘和视神经管比正常眼要小,并且IHAPSH患眼的视神经拥挤程度高于IHAPSH患者的对侧眼和正常眼。因此推测巩膜管小及较高水平的神经纤维拥挤引起的压迫在IHAPSH的病因中可能起重要作用。Takahashi S等[16]曾运用swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)对IHAPSH的ONH进行了定量评估,结果发现:视盘倾斜角度与此病的发生有紧密的相关性。在所有的病例中,患眼的视盘倾斜角度均大于正常眼。视盘倾斜角度越大,发病的可能性就越高,推测倾斜视盘鼻侧区域的脉络膜毛细血管,在受到足够牵拉或挤压的时候,更容易出血。
       IHAPSH急性出血的原因尚不确定[1-4]。现有的理论提示,其可能与急性视盘水肿和急性玻璃体视盘牵拉有关[1,7,16]。Kokame等[1]认为急性视盘水肿是由炎症引起的。然而,多项研究通过眼底荧光血管造影检查,并未发现视盘血管网有明显的荧光渗漏,也没有炎症的直接证据[2-4,14,17]。上述研究表明此病与炎症反应无关。本文患者也未发现有明显的荧光渗漏。既往多项研究未能证实玻璃体与视网膜之间存在联系[1-2,14],近期研究通过B超和OCT检查揭示IHAPSH的发病与玻璃体视盘牵拉有直接关系[7,16,18]。Zhang等[18]的研究发现,IHAPSH多见于年轻女性,其发病机制可能与玻璃体后脱离(posterior vitreous detachment, PVD)不完全有关,玻璃体视盘的紧密粘连多位于倾斜视盘的鼻侧部分。通过B超和OCT的影像学研究发现,不完全PVD存在于所有的患眼中,部分脱离的玻璃体后界膜仍然紧密地附着于视盘的鼻侧边缘。研究结果表明,IHAPSH的发病机制主要与不完全的PVD对视盘鼻侧和玻璃体紧密连接处的牵引力增加有关。IHAPSH常单眼发病,眼球的突然快速运动也可能是引发IHAPSH的原因[13]。当眼球快速运动发生时,视网膜和脉络膜组织在高度拥挤的区域可能会被强烈拉向一个特定的方向,从而导致易感的深部视网膜和脉络膜组织更容易出血。当NFL的血管供应受到影响时,即出现IPH。这种快速运动突然发生,使一只眼睛向一个特定方向移动,并导致易感视网膜组织出血;而另一只具有相同独特形态结构的眼睛,向相反的方向移动则可以放松。这也可以解释出血通常是单侧发生。
       近视是IHAPSH发生的危险因素之一[1-4]。相对于正常眼,近视眼发生玻璃体液化和PVD的时间更早[19]。在20岁以上的近视患者中,PVD很常见,且年轻患者玻璃体和视盘血管之间的黏附通常比老年人更紧密[20]。因近视眼玻璃体腔呈非球形改变,玻璃体和视网膜在眼球旋转过程中持续承受比正常眼更高的剪切应力[21]。Katz等[10]发现2例15岁以下近视女性存在不完全性PVD。另外,Moon等[22]也报道了一例11岁的女性和16岁的近视患者发生IHAPSH。由于近视患者的视盘通常向后倾斜,鼻侧缘相对抬高,视盘鼻侧的牵引力大于颞侧,导致IHAPSH患者的视盘鼻侧出血更为常见。
       在既往的研究中,Valsalva运动和打喷嚏也被认为是IHAPSH发病可能的原因[14,23-25]。Valsalva运动引起胸腔或腹腔内压力突然升高,造成眼静脉回流受阻,对倾斜视盘鼻侧缘的脉络膜起源脆弱的毛细血管施加
一个剪切力,使视盘筛板处血管的血流动力学发生变化,损伤血管并引发出血。此外,Valsalva运动还可增加视网膜中央静脉系统的压力,造成静脉压突然升高,从而引起视网膜毛细血管自发破裂[26]。当NFL的视网膜毛细血管破裂的时候,眼底则表现为IPH。Valsalva运动视网膜病变的典型表现为视网膜前出血或内界膜下出血。说明Valsalva运动致原发性出血部位为视网膜浅表性出血。Zou等[13]的研究中发现10只眼(10/38)有Valsalva动作的证据。表明Valsalva动作可能是IHAPSH中毛细血管内出血的原因。
       既往文献报道IHAPSH与新型冠状病毒感染、疫苗接种以及炎症反应之间可能存在联系[27-28]。Wang等[27]报道了一例新型冠状病毒感染后引起的IHAPSH。Park等[28]发现12例IHAPSH患者在接种新冠病毒mRNA疫苗2 d后发病。目前新冠病毒感染出血的潜在机制尚不清楚,Qiu等[29]曾提出新冠病毒感染引起出血的原因可能与以下几个重要因素有关,如血管内皮损伤、内皮炎和免疫系统激活引起的血流动力学异常,推测视盘结构异常在新冠病毒感染的诱导因素下,导致IHAPSH的发生,但其病理生理机制尚不完全清楚。
       根据本病好发于轻、中度近视的中青年患者,且多单眼发病,起病突然,症状轻微,眼底的特征性表现为视盘内及视盘旁出现火焰状鲜红色出血灶及鼻侧视网膜下半月型红色出血的特点,诊断并不困难[30-31]。但仍需与其他表现为视盘出血或视盘水肿的眼底疾病相鉴别,如外伤、Valsalva运动引起的视网膜病变、青光眼或急性高眼压引起的视盘出血、视盘深层玻璃疣、缺血性视神经病变、视盘血管炎、视神经炎等相鉴别。此患者无外伤史及相关病史,可以排除外伤和Valsalva运动引起的视网膜病变。青光眼或急性高眼压引起的视盘出血多位于视盘表面或视盘旁,呈条索状、火焰状分布,以颞侧、颞下方居多,可伴有典型的青光眼视盘凹陷、NFL缺损及视野缺损改变[32-33]。缺血性视神经病变导致视盘水肿和出血,多见于老年人,此病以单眼无痛性急性视力下降为主。全身检查可发现高血压、高血脂、颈动脉硬化等疾病 [34-35]。视盘血管炎好发于40岁以下的男性,单眼或双眼发病。眼底表现为视盘水肿,伴或不伴视网膜血管迂曲扩张和视网膜出血,出血不仅局限于视盘周围,还可发生在赤道部或周边视网膜[36]。视神经炎的典型症状为视力急剧下降、眼球疼痛、色觉异常、视野缺损等。视野缺损表现为中心暗点、旁中心暗点、束状或向心性缩小[37-38]。视盘深层玻璃疣是该病需要重点鉴别的疾病。视盘深层玻璃疣导致视盘水肿和视盘出血多以双眼发病。B超提示视盘内不规则高反射影以及疣后声衰的典型超声图像。FFA检查后期视盘内有结节状强荧光[39]。OCT显示视盘NFL下、神经上皮层间出现类圆形似有囊膜包裹的团状高反射信号和低反射核心,或高反射信号后的下投阴影(帽子状)[40]。眼眶CT检查在视盘前段出现清晰的点状高密度阴影[31]。视盘玻璃疣并发PSH多继发于脉络膜新生血管,FFA检查可见新生血管的异常影像[41]。本文 病例无以上特征,均可以排除。
       关于IHAPSH的治疗,目前从国内外相关报道来看,本病为一种良性自限性疾病,临床表现较轻,即使不干预,出血也会在2~8个月内吸收,其预后良好,不会残留任何后遗症,而且很少复发[1-3,13,31]。本例患者在确诊为IHAPSH后,未进行特殊干预,10 d后患者左眼不适症状较前明显减轻,2个月后出现完全吸收,未见明显的并发症,也未复发。
       综上所述,IHAPSH好发于轻、中度近视的中青年患者,病因复杂多样,出血可能是各种因素单独或相互共同作用所致。出血可自行吸收,并保留良好的视功能。此病需与多种眼底疾病相鉴别,及时行眼科相关检查以排除其他原因导致的视盘水肿、视盘出血。在明确诊断为本病后,需做好随访观察,避免不必要的治疗。

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1、东莞市社会发展科技面上项目(20221800901002)。
This work was supported by the General Project of Dongguan social development science and technology(20221800901002).()
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