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IgG4相关性眼病影像学特征与疾病严重性相关性分析

Analysis of the correlation between imaging features and disease severity in IgG4-related ophthalmic disease

来源期刊: 眼科学报 | 2025年1月 第40卷 第1期 35-44 发布时间:2025-1-28 收稿时间:2025/1/17 9:33:51 阅读量:102
作者:
关键词:
IgG4相关性眼病血清IgG4影像学
IgG4-related ophthalmicdisease serum IgG4 imaging
DOI:
10.12419/24093017
收稿时间:
2024-10-31 
修订日期:
2024-11-25 
接收日期:
2024-12-25 
目的:研究IgG4相关性眼病(IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, IgG4-ROD)患者的影像学特征与外周血免疫球蛋白G4(IgG4)水平之间的相关性,为评估IgG4相关性疾病全身性严重程度提供新思路。方法:收集2023年8月—2024年9月在吉林大学第二医院眼科医院经术后组织标本病理确诊的29例IgG4-ROD阳性患者。回顾性分析患者眼眶影像学特点与血清IgG4水平相关性,探讨影像学中特征性表现包括泪腺肿大、三叉神经分支增粗、眼外肌增粗、鼻黏膜类炎症改变、眼睑软组织肥厚,以及其他眶内软组织增生等特征性影像学改变出现比例,并按照累及组织结构情况分级评分,评估特征性影像学改变与血清IgG4水平之间的相关性。结果:29例病理确诊IgG4-ROD患者中,泪腺均受累,占比100%;眼外肌受累17例,占比58.62%;三叉神经分支受累5例(4例眶下神经受累,3例额神经病受累,2例眶下神经与额神经同时受累),占比17.24%眼睑软组织肥厚24例,占比82.76%鼻黏膜出现类炎症反应15例,占比51.72%;合并眶内其他软组织增生性病变2例,占比6.90%。影像学中特征性受累组织结构分级评分与血清IgG4水平呈正相关(< 0.05)。结论:IgG4-ROD影像学中特征性组织结构受累及范围与血清IgG4水平明显相关,可以辅助评估IgG4相关性疾病全身性严重程度。
Objective: To investigate the correlation between the imaging characteristics of patients with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and the serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels, providing new insights for assessing the systemic severity of IgG4-related diseases. Methods: This study collected postoperative tissue samples from 29 patients with histopathologically conffrmed IgG4-ROD at the Ophthalmology Department of Jilin University Second Hospital from August 2023 to September 2024. TTis study retrospectively analyzed the correlation between patients' orbital imaging features and serum IgG4 levels, and explored the proportion of characteristic imaging changes including enlargement of the lacrimal gland, thickening of the trigeminal nerve branches, thickening of the extraocular muscles, inffammatory like changes of the nasal mucous membranes, hypertrophy of the eyelid soft tissues, as well as hyperplasia of other intraorbital soft tissues in the imaging. A grading score for affected tissue structures was established to evaluate the correlation between characteristic imaging changes and serum IgG4 levels. Results: Among the 29 patients diagnosed with IgG4-ROD, lacrimal gland involvement was observed in all patients (100%). Extraocular muscle involvement was present in 17 patients (58.62%). Five patients had involvement of the trigeminal nerve branches (including 4 with infraorbital nerve involvement and 3 with frontal nerve involvement, with 2 patients having simultaneous involvement of both nerves), accounting for 17.24% of the cases. Eyelid soff tissue hypertrophy was observed in 24 patients (82.76%), and nasal mucosal inflammatory responses were noted in 15 patients (51.72%). Additionally, two patients (6.90%) presented with other proliferative lesions within the orbit. The correlation analysis between the grading scores for imaging features and serum IgG4 levels demonstrated a significant positive correlation. Conclusions: The extent of characteristic structural involvement observed in the imaging features of IgG4-ROD is significantly correlated with serum IgG4 levels. TTis correlation can assist in evaluating the systemic severity of IgG4-related diseases and provides clinical evidence supporting the need for comprehensive systemic evaluations, such as PET-CT, in patients whose initial presentation is IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

文章亮点

1. 关键发现

 • 通过分析总结 IgG4 相关性眼病患者的影像学特征与外周血免疫球蛋白 G4(IgG4) 水平之间的相关性,为评估 IgG4 相关性疾病全身严重程度提供新思路。

2. 已知与发现

 • 血清 IgG4 水平是诊断 IgG4 相关性疾病的一个重要指标,患者多表现为血清 IgG4 升高。
 • IgG4-ROD 影像学存在如泪腺肿大、三叉神经分支增粗、眼外肌增粗等特征性改变。

3. 意义与改变

 • IgG4-ROD 影像学中特征性组织结构受累及范围与血清 IgG4 水平明显正相关,可以辅助评估 IgG4 相关性疾病全身严重程度。

       IgG4相关性疾病(immunoglobulin G4 related disease, IgG4-RD)是一种由免疫介导的纤维炎症性疾病,病因尚不明确,可累及全身多处组织和器官,以一种或多种组织和器官中大量IgG4阳性淋巴浆细胞浸润、席纹状纤维化、闭塞性静脉炎为特征,可伴有血清IgG4水平升高[1-3]。当累及眼部出现眼部症状时称为IgG4相关性眼病(IgG4 relative ocular disease, IgG4-ROD)。IgG4-ROD作为一种涉及眼部组织的慢性炎症性疾病,以IgG4阳性浆细胞浸润为特征,可影响包括泪腺、眼外肌、眼睑及三叉神经等在内的多种眼部结构,同时可能伴有全鼻窦黏膜的类炎症表现[4]。免疫球蛋白G4(immunoglobulin G4, IgG4)是IgG亚型之一,近年来发现IgG4水平升高与IgG相关性疾病全身多器官受累密切相关,血清IgG4水平升高常提示患者可能存在不同器官损害,如胰腺纤维化、肺脏淋巴细胞增生和纤维化、肾小管间质性肾炎、渗出性缩窄性心包炎等,必要时需对患者进行全身性检查如正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography-computed tomography, PET-CT)[5-10]。如忽略全身性检查,常会因不同器官损害导致相应临床症状,严重者可危及患者生命。因此,需要针对首诊为IgG4-ROD患者进行深入评估,以通过系统性疾病视角判断疾病的严重程度以及全身多脏器受累的可能性。
       目前临床上普遍采纳日本研究小组推荐制定的IgG4-ROD临床诊断指南[11]。其中组织标本病理改变是确诊该病的核心证据,此外影像学特征性表现与血清IgG4异常水平也是主要的诊断依据。临床实践中,眼眶电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)和核磁共振成像(magetic resonance imaging, MRI)能直观显示IgG4-ROD的眼眶软组织受累情况,也是鉴别于其他眼眶疾病的主要辅助检查手段,可以实施的医疗机构较为广泛[12-14]。但通过眼眶影像学特征性改变是否可以反映IgG4相关性疾病的严重程度,成为支撑后续临床判断的证据还有待深入研究。
       诸多文献报道中显示大多数IgG4-ROD确诊患者中血清IgG4水平显著升高,且较高血清IgG4水平常提示伴有全身性多器官受累情况,需进一步全身性检 查[15-19]。但对于IgG4-ROD患者眼眶影像学改变与病情严重程度的关联尚不明确,IgG4-ROD患者眼眶影像学改变与血清IgG4水平相关性也鲜有研究报道。本研究通过回顾性分析病理确诊IgG4-ROD患者眼眶影像学特征性改变与血清IgG4水平相关性,为临床上通过影像学检查评估IgG4相关性疾病严重程度提供相应证据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

       来自2023年9月—2024年9月吉林大学第二医院眼科经病理活组织检查(活检)确诊IgG4-ROD患者29例,收集病例的临床与影像学资料进行分析。本研究已通过医院伦理委员会批准(批件号:2025-042),已征得患者知情同意。

1.2 纳入标准

       术后活检确诊为IgG4-ROD的患者(病理符合如下改变:组织切片苏木精-伊红染色显示病变组织中存在大量淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润,常可见淋巴细胞生发中心,间或伴有纤维化。IgG4+浆细胞满足以下标准:IgG4+细胞与IgG+细胞的比例为40%或以上,或每个显微镜高倍视野超过50个IgG4+细胞),且具备完整的临床检查资料,包括详细临床病史、眼眶影像学检查、血清IgG4水平检测数据。
       排除标准:①眼眶影像学检查图像质量差,无法明确判断病变征象患者;②入院前已接受过相关治疗(如服用糖皮质激素、使用免疫抑制剂或生物制剂等)可能影响血清IgG4水平患者;③伴有眼眶或全身其他恶性肿瘤患者。

1.3 方法

       1.3.1 影像学评估标准
       由3名眼眶病领域高年资医生共同评估眼眶影像学改变,根据眼眶受累组织情况赋分:单纯一侧泪腺受累赋1分,双侧同时受累赋2分;三叉神经第一支受累赋2分,三叉神经第二支受累赋2分,两分支同时受累赋4分;以眼眶CT冠状位筛前孔界面为标准观察眼外肌,每条眼外肌增粗赋1分;眼睑软组织肥厚赋1分;鼻黏膜类炎症表现赋1分;有眶内其他软组织增生性病变赋1分。见表1。

表 1 IgG4-ROD影像赋分细则
Table 1 IgG4-ROD image assignment rules

受累部位

赋分值

泪腺

单侧

1分

双侧

2分

三叉神经

第一/二分支

2分

两分支同时受累

4分

眼外肌

 

1分/条

眼睑软组织肥厚

单侧

1分

双侧

2分

鼻粘膜类炎症表现

 

1分

眶内其他增生性病变

 

1分

临床发现三叉神经分支受累患者常伴随更高的血清IgG4水平以及更多的如颌下腺和耳前、颈部淋巴结明显其他器官受累等情况,故每支三叉神经分支受累赋分值为2分;以眼眶CT冠状位筛前孔界面为标准观察眼外肌。
Patients with trigeminal nerve branch involvement are often accompanied by higher serum IgG4 levels and more cases such as submandibular glands, anterior auricular and cervical lymph nodes with obvious involvement of other organs, so the score of each trigeminal nerve branch involvement is 2 points; The extraocular muscles were observed at the interface of the anterior ethmoid foramen in the coronal position of orbital CT.

       1.3.2 统计学分析
      本研究中涉及年龄、病程及影像学赋分值,经过正态性检验,均为非正态分布数据,因此涉及相关性分析时使用Spearman相关性分析。使用GraphPad Prism 9进行数据分析:统计患者性别比例以及血清IgG4水平均值,以10 g/L为界,分析不同性别在高IgG4组所占比例。以中位发病年龄为界,将患者发病年龄分为低年龄组和高年龄组两组,分析在不同的血清IgG4值区间内,不同年龄的患者所占的比例,同时将血清IgG4水平与年龄进行Spearman相关性分析。以中位病程为界,将患者按照病程分为短病程组和长病程组两组,分析在不同的血清IgG4值区间内,不同病程的患者所占的比例,同时将血清IgG4水平与病程进行Spearman相关性分析。将影像学赋分值与血清IgG4水平进行Spearman相关性分析。

2 结果

2.1 患者一般资料

       2.1.1 性别
       共29例IgG4-ROD患者符合纳入标准。本组患者发病以中老年人为主,仅2例为青年发病。男性8例(27.6%),女性21例(72.4%)。女性占比高于男性,男女比例为 1∶2.6。而男性血清IgG4水平超过10 g/L者比例高于女性患者,见表2。

表 2 IgG4-ROD患者性别间IgG4水平比较
Table 2 Comparison of IgG4 levels between sexes in patients with IgG4-ROD

 

n

比例

IgG4(g/L)

均数±标准误

<10

>10

男性

8

27.6%

11.41±4.601

5(62.50%)

3(37.50%)

女性

21

72.4%

6.456±1.768

17(80.95%)

4(19.05%)

       2.1.2 年龄
       本研究组患者中位发病年龄为57岁,最小发病年龄为34岁。结果显示,随着血清IgG4水平升高,低年龄组(<57岁)占比较低,而高年龄组(≥57岁)占比较高,见表3。血清IgG4水平与年龄Spearman相关性分析结果显示,血清IgG4水平升高与年龄呈正相关(=0.370 7,=0.047 7),见表4。相关性为弱相关,提示高龄可能是血清IgG4水平升高的危险因素。相关性分析的散点图见图1。

表 3 不同的IgG4区间内年龄、病程分布
Table 3 TTe distribution of age and course in different IgG4 intervals

 项目

分类 

n(%)

 <1.35

g/L


1.35~5.00

g/L


5.01~10.00

g/L


>10.00

g/L


年龄

<57岁

 

3

(60%)

7(58.33%)

2(

40%)

2(29%)

≥57岁

2

(40%)

5(41.67%)

3

(60%)

5(71%)

病程

<10岁

 

3

(60%)

7(58.33%)

3

(60%)

1(14%)

≥10岁

2

(40%)

5(41.67%)

2

(40%)

6(86%)

 


图 1 患者血清IgG4水平与年龄的相关性分析散点图
Figure 1 Scatter plot for correlation analysis of serum IgG4 levels with IgG4-ROD patients’age
       2.1.3 病程
       本研究组患者病程1~108个月,中位病程为10个月。血清IgG4水平在10 g/L以下时,以短病程(<10个月)为主;而血清IgG4水平超过10 g/L时,以长病程(≥10个月)为主。血清IgG4水平与病程Spearman相关性分析结果显示,患者血清IgG4水平与病程呈正相关(=0.416 2,=0.024 7),见表4。相关性为中等相关,提示随着病程延长,血清IgG4水平可能呈升高趋势。相关性分析的散点图见图2。

表 4 IgG4-ROD患者血清IgG4水平与年龄、病程的相关性分析
Table 4 Correlation analysis of serum IgG4 level with age and course of disease in patients with IgG4-ROD

影像表现

血清IgG4

                   r

                   P

年龄

0.3707*

0.0477

病程

0.4162**

0.0247

 **相关系数r为0.4~0.6,可认为是中等程度正相关;*相关系数r为0.2~0.4,可认为是弱正相关。
**The correlation coefficient r is 0.4~0.6, which can be regarded as a moderate positive correlation. *TTe correlation coefficient r is 0.2~0.4, which can be regarded as a weak positive correlation.


图 2 患者血清IgG4水平与病程的相关性分析散点图
Figure 2 Scatter plot for correlation analysis of serum IgG4 levels with IgG4-ROD patients’course 
       2.1.4 血生化与离子
       本研究IgG4-ROD患者中,25例(86.21%)血生化指标异常,其中,13例纤维连接蛋白异常(13/16,81.25%,由于检测项目不同,仅16例患者检测的肝功能指标中包含此数值);12例(12/29,41.38%)患者血胆红素升高。9例患者肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR)降低(9/29,31.03%)。仅4例(4/29,13.79%)患者肝、肾功能及血清离子水平均处于正常水平。

2.2 眼眶影像学特征性表现及血清IgG4水平与其相关性

       眼眶影像学特征性表现:本组29例患者眼眶CT中,泪腺均受累(100%,22例双侧泪腺均受累,7例单侧泪腺受累),17例(58.62%)患者眼外肌受累,5例(17.24%)患者三叉神经分支受累(4例眶下神经受累,3例额神经受累,2例眶下神经与额神经同时受累), 24例(82.76%)患者眼睑组织受累(19例双侧眼睑同时受累,5例单侧眼睑受累),15例(51.72%)患者鼻黏膜受累,出现类炎症反应,2例(6.90%)患者合并眶内其他增生性病变。见图3。
图 3 29例IgG4-ROD患者影像学累及部位分布情况
Figure 3 TTe distribution of imaging involvement sites in 29 patients with IgG4-ROD 

图 4 IgG4-ROD的典型CT表现
Figure 4 Typical CT image of IgG4-ROD
(a)为双侧泪腺肿大;(b)*标注处为右眼额神经增粗、左眼额神经及眶下神经均增粗,并可见鼻黏膜弥漫受累;(c)为右眼上直肌、外直肌、下直肌增粗,内直肌形态尚可,左眼上直肌、外直肌、下直肌、内直肌均明显增粗;(d)为左眼眼睑软组织受累,明显肿胀增厚;(e)为单纯鼻黏膜弥漫受累;(f)*标注处为眶内其他增生性病变,而非内直肌增粗。
(a) bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement; (b) *TTickening of the frontal nerve in the right eye, frontal nerve and infraorbital nerve in the leff eye, and diffuse involvement of the nasal mucosa; (c) TTe superior rectus, lateral rectus and inferior rectus muscles of the right eye were thickened, and the morphology of the internal rectus muscle was acceptable, and the superior rectus, lateral rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle and internal rectus muscle of the leff eye were signiffcantly thickened; (d) Signiffcant swelling and thickening of the eyelid soff tissue of the leff eyelid; (e) diffuse involvement of the nasal mucosa alone; (f) Other hyperplastic lesions in the orbit are labeled * rather than thickening of the medial rectus muscle.
       本组患者血清IgG4值异常升高(IgG4 >1.35 g/L)24例(83.76%),中位值为3.75 g/L。
       血清IgG4值与影像赋分值的Spearman相关性分析结果显示,血清IgG4水平与影像赋分值呈正相关(=0.777 5,<0.000 1),见表5。相关系数为强相关,提示眼眶影像学中特征性组织结构受累及范围越广泛,其血清IgG4水平往往越高,也提示患者可能存在有多器官受累可能性。相关性分析的散点图见图5。

表 5 IgG4-ROD患者血清IgG4水平与影像学赋分的相关性分析
Table 5 Correlation analysis between serum IgG4 level and imaging assignment in patients with IgG4-ROD


图 5 患者血清IgG4水平与影像赋分的相关性分析散点图
Figure 5 Scatter plots for correlation analysis of serum IgG4 level and image assignment

3 讨论

       IgG4-ROD是一种与IgG4相关的慢性炎症性疾病,是IgG4-RD累及眼部的一种表现,可累及眼部的多个结构,包括泪腺、眼外肌、三叉神经分支以及鼻窦黏膜等[20]。这种疾病的诊断通常依赖于病理组织检查和血清学标志物检测,尤其是血清IgG4水平的测定[21]。眼眶影像学检查在IgG4-ROD的诊断和监测中也扮演着重要角色。本文在总结IgG4-ROD患者临床一般资料和影像特征的基础上,通过对患者的眼眶影像学检查和血清IgG4水平的分析,探讨影像中眼部组织结构累及范围与血清IgG4水平及病变严重程度之间的关系。同时本研究亦发现IgG4-ROD患者中血清肝肾功能亦有某些共同性特征。

3.1 流行病学及临床表现

       既往报道IgG4-ROD患者的中位年龄为56岁,中老年为主,偶有儿童病例报道,泪腺型占首位[22-23]。IgG4-ROD患病人群的男女比例为1.3∶1,相对于IgG4-RD,男女比例差异较小[22-24]。本研究的患者中位发病年龄为57岁,临床表现以眼睑肿胀及泪腺增大为主,与文献报道基本一致,而男女比例为1∶2.6,与文献报道略有差异。

3.2 血生化异常指标

       研究发现IgG4相关性疾病由于免疫紊乱可出现纤维炎症疾病,IgG4阳性浆细胞可浸润全身多个器官,与此同时可诱导并加重炎症反应和组织纤维化,因此此类患者机体多个器官伴有自身免疫原性改变。血清IgG4水平越高可能提示自身免疫原性病变越广泛,炎症反应越严重,可能存在肝脏、肾脏及淋巴结、肺或腮腺等器官的损伤[25-29]
       由于IgG4-RD是一组以组织中IgG4阳性浆细胞浸润和纤维化为特征的疾病,可累及多个器官,当然也包括肝脏。本研究的数据结果显示29例患者中21例(21/29,72.41%)患者肝功能指标异常。在IgG4-RD中,肝脏受累可能表现为IgG4相关性胆管炎(IgG4-associated cholangitis, IAC)、Klatskin瘤或自身免疫性肝炎等[30]。这些病变可能导致胆管狭窄、胆汁淤积,进而影响肝功能[31]。高水平的IgG4可能直接参与肝脏炎症反应和纤维化进程,如通过促进转化生长因子-β(Transforming growth factors-β, TGF-β)等细胞因子的产生,加速肝纤维化的进程,导致肝功能中纤维化指标异常[32]。这也与本研究所示结果相符:29例患者中13例纤维连接蛋白异常(13/16,81.25%,由于检测项目不同,仅16例患者检测的肝功能指标中包含此数值)。同时IgG4-RD引起的胆管狭窄和胆汁淤积可间接影响肝功能,表现为转氨酶升高、胆红素升高等生化指标异常[31]。与 IgG4 疾病相关的胰腺炎称为 1 型自身免疫性胰腺炎(Autoimmune pancreatitis, AIP),在AIP的生化标志物中与血清IgG4 水平相关,且通常血清 IgG4 水平升高,约 80%的患者为正常上限的2倍。在 IgG4 -RD中,1/3的患者累及胆道,但在胰腺受累的情况下,80%的病例与胆管炎相关[33]。长期胆汁淤积还可能导致肝实质损害,进一步引起肝功能恶化[34]。在胆管炎患者中,通常观察到胆汁淤积伴有肝酶升高,即转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和胆红素水平异常[35]。这与本研究的数据也相一致:29例患者中12例(41.38%)表现为血间接胆红素水平升高。
       IgG4-RD的组织中IgG4阳性浆细胞浸润和纤维化亦可累及肾脏。肾脏受累可能表现为IgG4相关性肾炎(IgG4-related kidney disease, IgG4-RKD)[36]。该病可表现为肾小管间质性肾炎、肾小球肾炎或两者兼有[37]。到目前为止,已有研究报道了约30例IgG4相关性膜性肾病,其肾活检结果中约2/3为膜性肾病与IgG4相关肾小管间质肾炎并存,并且对肾小球基底膜中 IgG 亚类沉积物的评估显示 IgG4 在大多数患者中占主导地 位[36, 38]。这些病变可能导致肾功能受损,表现为蛋白尿、血尿、肾功能不全等。同时有研究表明血清IgG4水平与eGFR呈负相关,提示血清IgG4水平越高,患者肾功能损害越严重、炎症反应也越严重,这可能与IgG4水平升高、自身免疫紊乱加重、炎症浸润和肾功能损害加重有关[39]。本研究29例患者中14例(48.28%)患者肾功能异常,其中,9例(31.03%)患者eGFR降低。高水平的IgG4可能直接参与肾脏炎症反应和纤维化进程,导致肾功能异常。例如,通过促进TGF-β等细胞因子的产生,加速肾小球和肾小管间质的纤维化进程[32]。本研究29例患者中,4例(13.79%)尿素氮升高;4例(13.79%)尿酸高,推测可能由于IgG4-RKD引起的肾小管间质炎症和纤维化间接影响肾功能,表现为尿蛋白增加、血肌酐尿素氮升高等生化指标异常[40]。长期纤维化还可能导致肾脏结构重塑,进一步恶化肾功能[41]

3.3 IgG4-ROD影像学特征

       Sogabe等[42]总结的IgG4-ROD好发部位为泪腺(87.7%)、三叉神经分支(38.5%)、眼外肌(24.6%)、眶脂肪(23.1%)、眼睑(12.3%)。本组研究发现,IgG4-ROD患者泪腺受累最多(100%),此外依次为眼睑(82.76%)、眼外肌(58.62%)、鼻黏膜(51.72%)、三叉神经分支(17.24%)受累,6.90%患者合并眶内其他增生性病变。本研究患者主要表现为泪腺受累,与文献结果一致。本研究中患者多部位受累的比例高于既往文献报道,考虑可能是由于患者就诊于我院时疾病已处于较严重阶段。少数情况会发生眶内其他软组织增生性病变,但并非罕见,提示临床发现眶内不明来源的占位时,也要考虑到IgG4-ROD的可能性。

3.4 血清IgG4水平升高与影像表现的相关性

       首先,本研究患者的眼眶影像学特征与血清IgG4水平之间存在显著关联。且影像改变赋分值与血清IgG4水平呈现显著正相关。具体来说,具有眼眶广泛性多种组织结构特征性影像改变的患者,其血清IgG4水平往往较高,也提示患者可能存在有多器官受累可能性,应考虑予患者综合全身检查,如PET-CT[12]。对于初诊仅有影像学检查结果异常的患者,本研究结果提示可以IgG4水平辅助评估IgG4相关性疾病全身性严重程度,为首诊IgG4-ROD患者进行必要的全身性检查如PET-CT提供临床证据支持。
       然而,本研究发现并非所有具有典型影像学特征性改变的患者都有高血清IgG4水平。这可能是因为这些患者的疾病活动性较低,或者他们的免疫系统对IgG4的反应较弱。本研究还显示部分患者虽然血清IgG4抗体水平很高,但其眼眶影像学中特征性组织结构受累范围并不广泛。IgG4-RD作为一种全身疾病,血清IgG4水平升高反映全身的免疫炎症反应状态[43]。但是不同器官存在异质性,血清IgG4水平并不能完全代表某一器官病变的严重程度,这类患者主要受累靶点可能并不是眼部。血清IgG4水平的测定是诊断IgG4相关疾病
的重要组成部分,其在特异度和灵敏度方面或许并不完全可靠,但是高水平的血清IgG4可以支持IgG4-ROD的诊断。尤其是当IgG4水平与临床表现、影像学检查及病理检查结果等相结合时,IgG4水平对IgG4-ROD的诊断效能将会进一步提升,特别是随着血IgG4水平升高,其诊断的特异度亦升高。
       综上所述,IgG4-ROD患者的影像学特征性改变与血清IgG4水平之间存在特定的关联。眼眶影像学中特征性组织结构受累及范围越广泛,其血清IgG4水平往往越高,也提示患者可能存在有多器官受累可能性。本研究存在一定的局限性:①研究样本量较小,可能无法完全反映整个患者群体的情况;②入组患者均已入院接受手术治疗且有病理学诊断,而较轻者可能并未接受手术治疗而不曾纳入研究,研究对象可能存在一定程度的病情严重程度的偏倚;③研究仅关注IgG4-ROD患者的影像学特征和血清IgG4水平,未涉及其他可能的生物标志物;④影像学方面单纯分析眼部改变,未全面评估患者的全身多器官是否受累以及严重程度。因此,未来的研究应该扩大样本量,采用前瞻性设计,并探索更多与IgG4-ROD相关的生物标志物,同时如果条件允许,应全面评估患者的多器官受累情况,结合更多的临床和影像学数据,以验证本研究结论,更精确地进行诊断和治疗。

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