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出血型视网膜大动脉瘤及合并症的红外光反射成像和眼底血管造影的影像特征

The imaging characteristics of infrared light reflection and fundus angiography in hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm and its complications

来源期刊: 眼科学报 | 2025年2月 第40卷 第2期 127-134 发布时间:2025-2-28 收稿时间:2025/2/13 15:04:27 阅读量:433
作者:
关键词:
荧光素血管造影术红外光反射成像视网膜大动脉瘤吲哚菁绿血管造影
fluorescein angiography infrared light reflection retinal artery aneurysm indocyanine green angiography
DOI:
10.12419/24102001
收稿时间:
2025-02-13 
修订日期:
2025-02-23 
接收日期:
2025-02-26 
目的:探讨出血型视网膜大动脉瘤及合并症的红外光反射成像(infrared light reflection, IR)和眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA)的影像特征。方法:采用回顾性病例系列研究。收集2010年2月—2024年6月在河南省立眼科医院确诊的出血型视网膜大动脉瘤患者35例35眼,所有眼均行IR联合FFA检查,其中10眼行吲哚菁绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography, ICGA)检查,分析视网膜大动脉瘤及其合并症的眼底影像学特点。结果:IR检查显示34眼视网膜大动脉瘤体呈囊状反射光。FFA检查显示27眼视网膜大动脉瘤呈囊样强荧光,此外,FFA检查还发现5眼伴视网膜分支静脉阻塞,1眼伴视网膜分支动脉阻塞。FFA组在视网膜大动脉瘤检出率低于IR组(<0.05)。在10眼出血型视网膜大动脉瘤中,IR组和ICGA组在视网膜大动脉瘤检出率方面比较差异无统计学意义(>0.05)。结论:IR检查对于出血型视网膜动脉瘤的检测可等效于ICGA检查,IR联合FFA检查适合于出血型视网膜大动脉瘤及合并症的个体化诊断。
Objective: To evaluate the imaging characteristics of infrared light reflection (IR) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm and its complications. Methods: Retrospective case series study was used. The clinic data of 35 patients (35 eyes) were diagnosed in Henan Eye Hosptial from February 2010 to June 2024. All eyes were examinated by IR and FFA, and 10 eyes examinated by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). The fundus imaging characteristics of hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm and its complications was analyzed. Results: The images of IR presented 34 eyes with cystic strong reflex light. FFA showed 27 eyes with cystic strong fluorescence, in addition, FFA revealed 5 eyes with retinal branch vein occlusion and 1 eye with retinal branch artery occlusion. The detection rate of hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm in the FFA group was lower than that in the IR group (=0.038<0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm between the IR group and the ICGA group in 10 eyes with hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm (=1.000>0.05). Conclusion: IR examination could be equivalent to ICGA examination for detecting hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm, and IR combined with FFA examination is suitable for individualized diagnosis of hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm and its complications.

文章亮点

1. 关键发现

 • 通过对出血型视网膜大动脉瘤及合并症的眼影像特征国内外的研究现状进行分析,发现红外光反射成像检查与被称为
金标准的吲哚菁绿血管造影检查在出血型视网膜动脉瘤的检测方面具有等效性,优化了出血型视网膜大动脉瘤的诊治。

2. 已知与发现

 • 视网膜大动脉瘤多被其伴随的视网膜出血所遮盖。
 • 有创性吲哚菁绿血管造影检查逐步被无创性红外光反射成像检查或光学相干断层扫描所替代。

3. 意义与改变

 • 红外光反射成像检查在诊断出血型视网膜大动脉瘤方面可代替吲哚菁绿血管造影检查,其联合眼底荧光血管造影对视
网膜大动脉瘤及其合并症检出具有时间短、费用低等优势。

视网膜大动脉瘤分为出血型、渗出型和静止型,表现为视网膜动脉局限性囊状或梭形膨胀,常伴有视网膜出血、渗出、视网膜静脉阻塞等合并症,容易被误诊为视网膜分支静脉阻塞、Coats病等类似表现的出血性疾病[1-6]。眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA)检查和吲哚菁绿血管造影(idocyanine green angiography, ICGA)检查常用于鉴别视网膜大动脉瘤及与其他眼底病[7-10]。但FFA和ICGA存在有创性和检查时间长等缺点,逐步被无创性光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography, OCT)检查替代尤其是在渗出型和静止型视网膜大动脉瘤中[11-15]。研究表明,无创性红外光反射成像(infrared light reflection, IR)具有与ICGA相似的高穿透性,已应用于脉络膜新生血管伴黄斑下出血、脉络膜痣等疾病的诊断[16-22]。为此,本研究回顾分析了一组出血型视网膜大动脉瘤患者的IRFFA和ICGA临床资料,现将结果报道如下。

1  对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

20102月—20246月在河南省立眼科医院接受IRFFA或ICGA检查的出血型视网膜大动脉瘤患者35例35只眼进行回顾性分析。本研究中男16例、女19例,患者年龄51~72岁,视力指数/30 cm~0.3。所有患者均行视力、眼压、眼底照相、IR和FFA检查,10例患者行ICGA检查。所有患者均符合出血型视网膜大动脉瘤诊断标准[2],为视网膜前出血的视网膜大动脉瘤患者。排除标准:1)玻璃体积血影响屈光介质,或既往行视网膜激光光凝术或玻璃体切割术;2)血压或血糖高于正常值3)药物过敏或心脏、肾功能不全者。所有患者均知情同意并签署知情同意书(批件号:HNEEC-2005(10))。

1.2 检查方法

所有患者在检查前30 min用复方托吡卡胺滴眼液散瞳。采用海德堡共焦激光扫描眼底血管造影仪(Spectralis HRA)进IRFFA和ICGA检查。在荧光素注射前行IR检查,把HRA机身左侧上方滤光轮旋钮拨转到“R方向,点击触摸屏“IR”模式,调整焦距到视网膜层,进行IR检查,检查时间约为5 s,然后,把滤光轮旋钮拨转到“A方向,点击触摸屏“FA”“ICGA”或“FA+ICGA”模式,进行FFA、ICGA或FFA+ICGA检查FFA检查时间为15 minICGA为30 min。典型图像经计算机存盘备用。

1.3 视网膜大动脉瘤分类

视网膜大动脉瘤分为3型:1)出血型,指视网膜大动脉瘤伴视网膜出血或视网膜下出血2)渗出型,指视网膜大动脉瘤伴瘤体周围黄白色渗出3)静止型,指视网膜大动脉瘤未伴出血或渗出。具体分期参考文献[2]

1.4 分组

为分析各种影像检查在出血型视网膜大动脉瘤的检出率,本研究把出血型视网膜大动脉瘤患者的IR、FFA和ICGA影像,分为IR组、FFA组和ICGA组。

1.5 统计学方法

采用SPSS 27.0统计软件分析数据,应用χ2检验比较IR组和FFA组在出血型视网膜大动脉瘤检测率的差异,应用Fisher精确概率法对IR组、ICGA组和FFA组在出血型视网膜大动脉瘤检测率的差异进行统计分析, P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2  结果

2.1 出血型视网膜大动脉瘤的FFA影像特征

35眼出血型视网膜大动脉瘤中,24眼位于颞上、颞下动脉,1例位于鼻上动脉(图1)27眼视网膜大动脉瘤瘤体呈囊样强荧光伴视网膜出血,8眼瘤体被出血遮蔽不能显影。此外,FFA显示5眼合并视网膜静脉分支回流迟缓伴微小血管渗漏(图2)和1眼合并颞下分支动脉充盈延迟(图3)。在5眼合并视网膜分支静脉阻塞中,导致视网膜分支静脉阻塞的均非视网膜大动脉瘤血管(图2,黑箭头)。而视网膜分支动脉阻塞的血管则为视网膜大动脉瘤血管的延伸支。

图1 视网膜大动脉瘤的眼底表现
Figure 1 Fundus manifestations ofhemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm

20250311091205_7802.png
(A)右眼视网膜大动脉瘤,视网膜鼻上动脉一囊样病变合并视网膜出血(箭头);(B)IR显示视网膜大动脉瘤呈囊样强反射光(箭头);(C)早期FFA 不能发现被视网膜出血所遮蔽的视网膜大动脉瘤,而ICGA显示囊样强荧光(箭头);(D)晚期FFA显示囊样强荧光伴渗漏(箭头)。
(A)Right hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm, a cystic lesion with retinal hemorrhage in the retinal supranasal artery (arrow); (B) IR shows the hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm as a cystic strong reflex light (arrow); (C) Early stage of FFA could not detect hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm covered by retinal hemorrhage, while ICGA showed cystic strong fluorescence (arrow); (D) Late stage of FFA showed a cystic strong fluorescence with leakage (arrow).

图2 视网膜大动脉瘤合并视网膜分支静脉阻塞的眼底表现
Figure 2 Fundus manifestations ofhemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm combined with branch retinal vein occlusion

20250311091313_9449.png
(A)左眼视网膜大动脉瘤合并视网膜出血和黄白色渗出(白箭头);(B)IR显示视网膜大动脉瘤呈囊样强反射光(黑箭头);(C)早期FFA 发现视网膜分支静脉迂曲扩张(黑箭头),视网膜大动脉瘤的部分瘤体呈小片状强荧光(白箭头);(D)随FFA时间延长,瘤体周围可见荧光素渗漏(白箭头)。
(A) Left hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm with retinal hemorrhage and yellow white exudation (white arrow); (B) IR shows the hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm as a cystic strong reflex light (black arrow); (C) Early stage of FFA revealed tortuous dilation of retinal branch veins (black arrow),  and a small patch of strong fluorescence of some of the hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm (white arrow); (D) As the FFA time prolongs, fluorescein leakage could be detected around the hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm (white arrow).

图3 视网膜大动脉瘤合并视网膜分支动脉阻塞的眼底表现
Figure 3 Fundus manifestations of hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm combined with branch retinal artery occlusion

20250311091419_8776.png
(A)左眼视网膜大动脉瘤合并黄斑区颞侧视网膜水肿(黑箭头);(B)IR不能显示被视网膜出血遮蔽的视网膜大动脉瘤(黑箭头);(C)早期FFA 发现视网膜颞下分支动脉充盈迟缓(黑箭头),不能发现视网膜大动脉瘤(白箭头);而ICGA也不能显示视网膜动脉瘤(白箭头);(D)晚期FFA仍不能发现视网膜大动脉瘤(白箭头)。
(A) Lefthemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm with macular temporal retinal edema (black arrow); (B) IR could not detect the hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm covered by retinal hemorrhage (white arrow); (C) Early stage of FFA detected delayed filling of retinal branch artery (black arrow), and could not detect the hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm, which could not also be detected by ICGA (white arrow); (D) the hemorrhagic retinal artery aneurysm still could not be detected at the late stage of FFA (white arrow).

2.2 出血型视网膜大动脉瘤的ICGA影像特征

10眼ICGA检查中包括未被FFA发现的8眼(图3)。在10眼出血型中,9眼呈圆形或类圆形囊样强荧光1眼被视网膜出血所遮蔽。此外,ICGA显示1眼合并颞下分支动脉充盈延迟(图3)。

2.3 出血型视网膜大动脉瘤的IR影像特征

35眼出血型视网膜大动脉瘤中34眼IR显示视网膜动脉分支处瘤体壁呈囊状反射光,1眼被视网膜出血所遮蔽。 

2.4 组间比较

35眼同步IR和FFA检查,IR组可发现97.14%(34/35)的出血型视网膜大动脉瘤,FFA组发现77.14%(27/35)的出血型视网膜大动脉瘤,IR组和FFA组在出血型视网膜大动脉瘤检出率的比较中,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.319,P=0.038)。

10眼出血型视网膜大动脉瘤同步行IR、FFA和ICGA检查,FFA组发现20%(2/10)的视网膜大动脉瘤,IR组和ICGA组均发现90%(9/10)的视网膜大动脉瘤,FFA组与IR组和ICGA组之间在视网膜大动脉瘤检出率的比较中,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01,0.01)。IR组和ICGA组在视网膜大动脉瘤的检出率的比较中,差异无统计学意义(P=1.000)。

2.5 不良反应

FFA检查中出现恶心2例,呕吐1例,ICGA检查中未出现不良反应。

3 讨论

在临床上,视网膜大动脉瘤不仅表现为视网膜动脉分支上圆形病灶,而且常合并视网膜出血或视网膜血管阻塞[23-25]。因此,对该病的诊断不仅是确诊视网膜大动脉瘤,而且要检测出该病的合并症。既往研究中,FFA荧光波长不能穿透视网膜出血病灶,不易发现出血型视网膜大动脉瘤,ICGA荧光波长能穿透视网膜出血并检测到其下的视网膜大动脉瘤,是诊断视网膜大动脉瘤的金标准[8-9]。所以,以往视网膜大动脉瘤的诊断需要FFA和ICGA检查,FFA和ICGA检查存在有创性、检查时间长和费用高等缺点,FFA检查还存在恶心或过敏等不良反应。伴随科技进步,无创性OCT或OCTA检查可以像ICGA检查一样发现三种类型的视网膜大动脉瘤及其合并症[10-12]。我们的前期研究证实OCT检查适合于61.54%视网膜大动脉瘤,尤其是出血型静止型视网膜大动脉瘤[26],从而有助于减少FFA和ICGA检查并降低可能存在的不良反应。

既往研究表明,ICGA检查可以检测到视网膜出血遮蔽的视网膜大动脉瘤主要是利用ICGA波长的穿透性[8-9]。本研究中,我们也观察到IR和ICGA比FFA更易于发现出血型视网膜大动脉瘤,主要原因是IR波长(820 nm)ICGA波长(835 nm)均长于FFA波长(525 nm),可以穿透并检测到视网膜出血下的视网膜大动脉瘤此与Zienkiewicz等[22]研究结果相一致。本研究观察到IR图像中的囊样反射光与ICGA囊样荧光相对应,此外,如果视网膜大动脉瘤被浓厚积血遮蔽的视网膜大动脉瘤不能在IR图像上显影,代表其也不能在ICGA上显影,此时患者不需要进一步行ICGA检查。所以,IR检查与ICGA检查在诊断出血型视网膜大动脉瘤具有等效性。

研究表明,OCT或OCTA在出血型视网膜大动脉瘤的诊断的灵敏度和特异度不弱于FFA检查,但仅有FFA检查可以通过小分子量荧光素在血管流动的动态影像来评估视网膜大动脉体及视网膜血管阻塞合并的新生血管的渗漏[7,11]。本研究中,FFA检查在35眼视网膜大动脉瘤中发现22.9%的患者合并视网膜血管阻塞。FFA影像提示视网膜大动脉瘤合并的视网膜分支静脉阻塞并非为视网膜大动脉瘤导致,而是由另外视网膜动脉支压迫视网膜静脉所致。此外,FFA影像可动态显示视网膜大动脉瘤合并的动脉阻塞则为瘤体内管壁阻塞导致与其相连的动脉支血管阻塞,此与Zhou等[23]观察结果相一致。FFA影像可以对视网膜血管阻塞进行个体化分析研究。所以,对于合并视网膜血管阻塞的视网膜大动脉瘤患者可选择FFA检查。

IR联合FFA检查与ICGA或OCT联合FFA检查在确诊视网膜大动脉瘤及其合并症方面具有以下两个方面的优势1)经济,IR联合FFA检查所需的检查费用与单独FFA检查一样,从而为患者节省了ICGA或OCT检查费用;2)简单,IR检查只需要1个操作步骤,所需时间约为5 s,短于OCT和ICGA检查时间,从而节省了ICGA检查时间。此外,在IR联合FFA检查中,可先根据IR检查确定出血型视网膜大动脉瘤体位置,然后在FFA检查中进行针对性拍照,从而形成更清晰更易于辨别的视网膜大动脉瘤及其合并症的影像。

综上所述,IR检查对于出血型视网膜大动脉瘤的诊断可等同于ICGA检查,FFA对视网膜大动脉瘤及其合并症检出有优势。本研究不足之处是病例较少,缺少对出血型视网膜大动脉瘤OCT和OCTA影像特点进行对比分析研究。在进一步研究中,我们将对三种类型视网膜大动脉瘤治疗前后多模式影像特征进行分析。

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