This expert consensus introduces the ranges of application of retrobulbar block, and systematically describes functional neuroanatomy of eye sensation and movements, safety and procedures of retrobulbar block, local anesthetics, contraindications and complications of the block.
Objective To evaluate the effect of whole-process management of patients undergoing daycare in fundus surgery. Methods 582 patients with fundus disease who underwent day surgery from January to June in 2022 were selected as the control group, and 633 patients with fundus disease who underwent day surgery from January to June in 2023 were selected as the observation group. The control group was given holistic care under the responsibility system, and the observation group was given whole-process patient management based on the holistic care under the responsibility system. The awareness rate of health education knowledge, the satisfaction rate of doctors, the satisfaction rate of patients with out-of-hospital management of day surgery, the rate of unplanned visits within 24 hours after discharge, the rate of return visits within 24 hours after discharge, the self-management ability of patients one week after discharge, and the sense of benefit of nursing profession were compared between the two groups. Results In the observation group, the awareness rate of health education knowledge, the satisfaction rate of doctors, the satisfaction rate of out-of-hospital management of patients with day surgery, the unplanned visit rate 24 hours after discharge, the return rate within 24 hours after discharge, the self-management ability of patients one week after discharge, and the nurses' sense of professional benefit score were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion The whole process of perioperative management of patients undergoing fundus daytime surgery can be managed in the mode of integrated medical and nursing group cooperation, which can improve patients' medical experience, improve patients' self-management ability, ensure patients' safety and enhance nurses' professional sense of benefit.
Purtscher’s retinopathy is an occlusive microvasculopathy caused by traumatic injuries, especially like head and chest injuries. The exact mechanism of injury remains unclear, and Most case reports about Purtscher’s retinopathy focused on the symptoms of fundus, and did not provide detailed medical treatments. In this case, the patient suffered suddenly vision loss in the right eye one day after a traffic accident with moderate head and chest injuries. Ocular examinations revealed typical characteristics of cotton wool spots, and minimal intraretinal hemorrhages around the optic disc. 5 different drugs were used in this patient. 15 days after the treatment (corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicine), the vision of the patient was improved and the symptoms (cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, retinal edema and visual field) were alleviated obviously. Meanwhile, we found 3 case reports about Purtscher’s retinopathy with typical clinical manifestations, and summarized some characteristics of this disease, including types of the trauma, symptoms and signs, and etc. In addition, corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicines used in our case did improve the vision of the patient, and alleviated the symptoms of fundus.
Terson syndrome, which is also defned as subarachnoid hemorrhage combined with vitreous hemorrhage syndrome, is a relatively rareeye disease. Due to intracranial hemorrhage, patients with this disease usually experience consciousness disorders and communication difculties, so that it is easy to to miss the diagnosis and the optimal time for treatment. This article reports a case of a 30-year-old male patient with sudden coma due to diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. He felt blurred in both eyes 1 month afer the onset, and was diagnosed as binocular terson syndrome ultimately. He underwent bilateral vitrectomy and anterior retinal membrane detachment surgery in the right eye. Te patient visual acuity was restored from fnger count/5cm to 0.3 corrected visual acuity in the lef eye when 54 days afer surgery, and his visual acuity was from manual/20 cm to 0.12 corrected visual acuity in the right eye when 19 days afer surgery.
Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is an important cause of visual impairment in working-age people, and its complex pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Although some emerging treatment methods have achieved significant results in the treatment of DR, there are still some problems with poor treatment effects and complications. RhoGTPase is a small molecule protein that participates in various cellular activities such as cytoskeleton regulation by activating the downstream protein ROCK. During the pathogenesis of DR, the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway is activated, and inhibiting Rho/ROCK signaling may inhibit the progression of DR. This article explains the Rho/ROCK signal from the aspects of inflammation, neovascularization, blood-retinal barrier (BRB), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN). The research progress of pathways in the pathogenesis of DR is expected to provide new ideas for the treatment of DR.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the inspection technologies that can provide clinicians with histological images of eye structures. With intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) integrated into the microscope, real-time imaging of surgical tissues has become possible. iOCT is helpful for disease diagnosis, surgical plan design, real-time feedback of surgical progress, and postoperative follow-up and evaluation. This will certainly bring revolutionary changes to ophthalmic surgery. Although the current published reports and research focuses on vitreoretinal surgery and corneal surgery, this tool can also provide a certain degree of assistance for drainage valve implantation, and can be used as an auxiliary equipment for young doctors to learn this operation.
Objective To compare the difference of visual function among children with myopia in different diopter, and explore the effect of short-term plastic training of virtual reality on visual function improvement. Methods From June 2022 to September 2022, 102 children aged 6-16 years who were recruited and divided into control group, mild myopia group and middle and high myopia group according to diopter. Routine ophthalmologic examination and visual perception function examination were carried out, and short-term plastic training was implemented. After the training, visual perception function examination was completed again. Results There were significant differences in stereoscopic function defect at different distances among myopic children, a negative correlation between myopia and stereoscopic function was found. while there were several cases have foveal suppression. After training, the titmus and fine stereopsis at medium distance of the mild myopia group was significantly improved with significance statistical difference. Conclusion Myopia can lead to the abnormality of stereopsis and foveal suppression in children. The defect of binocular visual function increases with the increase of myopia. Short term plastic training of virtual reality can partially improve the fine stereoscopic function of mild myopia children while shows no significance improvement of the fine stereoscopic function in middle and high myopia group.
A patient with a chief complaint of decreased vision in the left eye and headache on the left side for 1 month was admitted to the ophthalmology department and diagnosed as primary acute angle-closure glaucoma. The intraocular pressure increased instead of decreasing after the use of pupil shrinking drugs, and the intraocular pressure decreased after the treatment with pupil dilating drugs, and the cataract phacoemulsification plus intraocular lens implantation in the left eye was performed. The intraocular pressure was normal, the cornea was clear, and the anterior chamber depth was satisfactory.
The incidence of abnormal vision is increasing in the middle-aged and elderly population in China, which seriously affects the visual function of patients, causing psychological and life troubles. There are various influencing factors and complex pathogenesis of visual acuity abnormalities in middle-aged and elderly people. Only by clarifying the influencing factors and related mechanisms of visual acuity abnormalities can we better carry out effective secondary prevention for middle-aged and elderly people. This paper reviews the research progress on related influencing factors and pathogenesis of vision abnormalities in middle-aged and elderly people, providing effective reference for vision health and visual function of middle-aged and elderly people, and promoting the sustainable development of vision 2020 Action.
Objective:In order to understand the incidence of myopia among young people in Yanghe Town and their awareness of eye hygiene, and to provide a basis for future health interventions for the development of eye hygiene among young people in the area.Methods:We used a survey questionnaire on primary school students' eye habits .This experiment adopts stratified cluster sampling ,selected 270 students as the survey subjects, and analyzed the results using statistical software spss25.0.Results:According to the survey, 138 out of 270 primary and secondary school students were male, accounting for 51.1%; There are 132 female students, accounting for 48.9%, with a myopia rate of 30.74%.(1) There is a statistically significant difference in the proportion of eye distance between non myopic students and myopic students in reading and other activities (P<0.05).(2) There was a statistically significant difference in the composition of continuous eye use between students without myopia and those with myopia (P<0.05).(3) There was a statistically significant difference in the composition of eye use interval between students without myopia and those with myopia (P<0.05).(4) There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between students who did not suffer from myopia and those who slept for less than 8 hours and those who slept for 8 hours or more.(5) There is a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the average outdoor exercise duration of primary and secondary school students who are less than 30 minutes and greater than or equal to 30 minutes per day.Conclusions:(1) Reading distance, continuous reading time, eye contact time, sufficient sleep, and average daily outdoor exercise eye contact time are factors that affect the visual health of primary school students.(2) Gender has little impact on the visual health of primary school students, and there are only differences under the influence of individual factors, such as sufficient sleep and average daily outdoor exercise eye duration.
