Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) manifests through two main clinical presentations, characterized by the meibomian gland (MG) ductal obstruction or acinar dropout. While previous research has predominantly associated MGD pathogenesis with hyperkeratinization-related MG ductal obstruction and subsequent acinar atrophy, recent cases have shown significant functional acinar loss in the absence of apparent ductal keratinization or blockage. The deterioration of either MG obstruction or dropout exacerbates the condition of the other, suggesting an independent yet interconnected relationship that perpetuates the vicious cycle of MGD. Understanding the distinct pathological features of MG obstruction and dropout is crucial for delineating their etiology and identifying targeted therapeutic strategies. This review explores the nuanced interrelations of MG obstruction and dropout, elucidating potential pathological mechanisms to establish a foundation for early MGD diagnosis and intervention.

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) manifests through two main clinical presentations, characterized by the meibomian gland (MG) ductal obstruction or acinar dropout. While previous research has predominantly associated MGD pathogenesis with hyperkeratinization-related MG ductal obstruction and subsequent acinar atrophy, recent cases have shown significant functional acinar loss in the absence of apparent ductal keratinization or blockage. The deterioration of either MG obstruction or dropout exacerbates the condition of the other, suggesting an independent yet interconnected relationship that perpetuates the vicious cycle of MGD. Understanding the distinct pathological features of MG obstruction and dropout is crucial for delineating their etiology and identifying targeted therapeutic strategies. This review explores the nuanced interrelations of MG obstruction and dropout, elucidating potential pathological mechanisms to establish a foundation for early MGD diagnosis and intervention.

The whole lacrimal passage intubation is widely used in lacrimal surgery. However, one of the most typical complications is the prolapse of the silicone tube from the medial canthus. In case, the bicanalicular silicone tube after whole lacrimal duct intubation has completely prolapsed from the medial canthus before extubation, then cannot be found in the opening of the nasolacrimal duct, and it would be a challenge to reposition or removal. A novel approach to employ a modified suture-probe and silk thread traction technique has been developed, and it is not only safe and effective, but also cost-effective.

The whole lacrimal passage intubation is widely used in lacrimal surgery. However, one of the most typical complications is the prolapse of the silicone tube from the medial canthus. In case, the bicanalicular silicone tube after whole lacrimal duct intubation has completely prolapsed from the medial canthus before extubation, then cannot be found in the opening of the nasolacrimal duct, and it would be a challenge to reposition or removal. A novel approach to employ a modified suture-probe and silk thread traction technique has been developed, and it is not only safe and effective, but also cost-effective.