2017年6月 第32卷 第2期

主管:中华人民共和国教育部
主办:中山大学
承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
主编:葛坚 刘奕志
论著

联合教学模式在留学生眼科临床教学的应用

Application of combined teaching mode in the ophthalmology clinical teaching of foreign students

:91-94
 
目的:探讨基于问题式教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)联合基于案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)的模式在留学生眼科学教学中的效果。方法:将教学对象分为两组,其中传统教学组30人,联合教学组35人。传统教学组采用传统授课方法,联合教学组采用PBL联合CBL的教学方法。对其效果进行评估,评估指标包括发言次数、临床思维能力、学习兴趣、教学质量评分、教学满意度、理论分数、病例分析分数等。结果:与传统教学组相比,联合教学组学生在各项评估 指标上均明显优于传统教学组,且各项指标之间的差异均具有统计学意义。结论:PBL与CBL相结合的教学模式能有效提高眼科学教学质量,值得在临床教学中进一步推广应用。
Objective: To investigate the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning teaching (CBL) teaching approaches in the ophthalmology teaching of foreign students. Methods: The subjects were divided into a control group (30 students) and an experimental group (35 students). In the control group, the students were taught via traditional teaching methods. The PBL and CBL teaching approaches were applied in the experimental group. Then, the number of statements, clinical thinking ability, learning interest, teaching quality scores, teaching satisfaction, theoretical scores, and case analysis scores were assessed in these two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the assessments in the experimental group were significantly better (P<0.05). Conclusion: The PBL and CBL teaching approaches can effectively improve the teaching quality of ophthalmology of foreign students. It is worth to popularize this method in clinical teaching.

甲状腺相关眼病患者的生活质量调查及护理对策

Investigation of quality of life and nursing of patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy

:80-83
 
目的:探讨与甲状腺相关眼病患者的生活质量,为做好个体化的护理提供理论依据。方法:采用甲状腺相关眼病的生活质量调查问卷进行调查,用R语言进行数据分析。结果:年龄与视功能评分成负相关(P<0.001,r=–0.504),与社会心理评分成正相关(P=0.002,r=0.327)。文化程度与视功能评分成正相关(P<0.001,r=0.391),与社会心理评分无相关关系(P=0.749)。不同症状的视功能评分之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:通过甲状腺相关眼病的生活质量调查问卷可知,年龄越大,视功能越差,不同症状的患者视功能情况不同,要关注年龄大、复视、视力差患者的安全;在护理上,要做好患者及其有甲状腺功能亢进史家属的健康宣教,尤其关注女性患者的社会心理状况。
Objective: To explore the factors related to the quality of life of patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy, and to provide theoretical basis for individual nursing. Methods: The quality of life questionnaire of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy was used to investigate, and the data were analyzed by R language. Results: There was a negative correlation between age and visual function score (P<0.001, r=-0.504), and positively correlated with social psychological score (P=0.002, r=0.327). There was a positive correlation between educational level and visual function score (P<0.001, r=0.391), and had no correlation with social psychological score (P=0.749). There were statistically significant differences in visual function scores among different symptoms (P<0.001).Conclusion: The quality of life of thyroid-related eye disease questionnaire showed that the older, the worse the visual function. Different symptoms of patients had different visual function. We should pay attention to the patients with older, diplopia and poor vision, do health education with the patients and family members with the history of hyperthyroidism as well, especially concern with the social and psychological status of female patients.

泪道成形+义管植入日间手术患者的延续性护理

Continuous care of the patients with day surgery of lacrimal duct formed combined tube implantation

:84-87
 
目的:探讨完善泪道成形+义管植入日间手术患者的延续性护理对预防义管意外脱管的重要作用。方法:收集我科2016年1月至12月实施了标准延续性护理的泪道成形+义管植入日间手术患者的意外脱管情况。结果:泪道成形+义管植入日间手术患者随访期间没有发生医源性脱管,有9例9眼带管期间在院外发生脱管,意外脱管率为2.6%。结论:做好泪道成形+义管植入日间手术患者的延续性护理,有效降低义管意外脱出率,有利于患者康复。
Objective: To explore the important role of continuous nursing of the patients with day surgery of lacrimal duct forming combined tube implantation in the aspect of accident prevention to take off the tube. Methods: The information of the patients from Jan. to Dec. 2016 with accident the tube’s takeoff after carrying out the standard continuity of care were collected. Results: There was no iatrogenic but 9 eyes of 9 patients accidentally take off the tube during follow-up period. Accidental decannulation rate was 2.6%. Conclusion: Continuous care of the patients with day surgery of lacrimal duct forming combined tube implantation can effectively reduce the tube accidentally removal rate and be beneficial to patients’ recovery.

爱先蓝和细胞角蛋白双重染色技术在泪腺腺样囊性癌 诊断中的应用

Application of Alcian Blue and cytokeratin double staining technique in adenoid cystic carcinoma

:64-67
 
目的:探讨爱先蓝(Alcian Blue,AB)和细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin,CK)双重染色技术在泪腺腺样囊性癌组织中的应用, 提高泪腺腺样囊性癌染色效率。方法:选取中山大学中山眼科中心临床病理科2015年1月至2017年1月期间诊断为泪腺腺样囊性癌病例标本23例,在同一张切片上先进行AB染色,再进行CK染色,观察染色效果。结果:23例泪腺腺样囊性癌标本组织中黏液物质全部呈蓝色;癌细胞胞质CK阳性,呈棕黄色。结论:AB和CK双重染色方法稳定,颜色对比鲜明,能够良好显示癌细胞及黏液的关系,并且比分开的两次单种染色省时、经济。
Objective: To investigate the application of Alcian Blue (AB) and cytokeratin (CK) double staining technique in adenoid cystic carcinoma to improve the staining efficiency. Methods: Twenty-three specimens of adenoid cystic carcinoma from January 2015 to January 2017 in the Clinical Pathology Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University were stained with AB first and CK then on the same slide. Results: Mucinous substance showed blue. And the cytoplasm of the cancer cells presented with brown yellow in all the specimens.Conclusion: The method of double staining with AB and CK is stable and displays bright color contrast. It can effectively reveal the relationship between the mucus and cancer cells. It proves to be more time-saving and economical than the individual staining of AB and CK respectively.

表面切削手术前后角膜光密度变化的研究及术后Haze数据库的初步建立

Corneal density after surface ablation and the establishment of preliminary Haze database

:68-73
 
目的:了解表面切削手术前后角膜透明性变化,初步建立角膜光密度与角膜上皮下雾状混浊(Haze)对应的数据库。方法:收集我院行表面切削手术的病人74人146眼。患者手术前、术后3个月行裂隙灯角膜透明性检查和眼前节分析仪(Pentacam,0表示角膜完全透光,100表示角膜混浊不透光)测量角膜光密度。使用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计,术前、术后3个月角膜光密度进行Wilcoxon秩和检验;根据裂隙灯下角膜透明性将术后数据分成透明角膜组和Haze组与术前分别对比。术后角膜光密度与裂隙灯下Haze分级进行等级资料Spearman相关分析;按照裂隙灯分级将不同程度Haze与角膜光密度对应,初步建立术后Haze的角膜光密度数据库。结果:术后3个月时,透明角膜(0级Haze)80眼、I级Haze49眼、II级Haze 13眼、III级Haze2 眼、IV级Haze2眼。术前最大 角膜光密度平均值为19.7±2.47,术后3个月时最大角膜光密度平均值为30.3±7.2,术后角膜光密度比术前升高(Z=?7.404,P<0.001);另外术后Haze组和术后透明角膜组光密度分别为38.2±15.2和21.2±3.51,与术前比两者差异也有统计学意义(Z=?4.783,P<0.001;Z=?5.195,P<0.001)。术后角膜光密度与Haze呈正相关(r=0.819,P<0.001)。各级Haze组对应角膜光密度参考值为I级Haze:29.4±2.58;II级Haze 43.2±5.68;III级Haze:59.5±0.92;IV级Haze: 89.5±14.9。结论:Haze的出现使光密度增加,影响角膜的透明性。手术后裂隙灯观察下的透明角膜光密度较术前高,可能与术后角膜的炎症反应或胶原纤维排列变化有关,需要进一步研究明确。表面切削手术前后角膜的透明性除了传统的裂隙灯检查外,也可以用角膜光密度来评价。用角膜光密度来评价角膜的透明性比单纯的裂隙灯检查更容易发现细微的异常。
Objective: To measure corneal transparency before and after the surface ablation and establish a preliminary database of corneal density and haze. Methods: Seventy-four patients (146 eyes) who underwent surface ablation were measured with the slit lamp and the densitometry program of the Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system (0=no clouding, 100=tissue completely opaque). The corneal density before and after operation were analyzed with the Wilcoxon’s Matched Pairs Test of the SPSS 13.0. Eyes of 3 months after operation were categorized as postoperative clear corneas and postoperative with haze. According to the slit lamp, different degrees of haze were correlated with corneal density to establish a preliminary corneal density database.Results: At 3 months after operation, there were 80 eyes with clear cornea (grade 0 haze) and 66 eyes with haze which contained 49 eyes with grade I haze, 13 eyes with grade II haze, 2 eyes with grade III haze and 2 eyes with grade IV haze. Maximum density of preoperative corneas was 19.7±2.47, and it was increased to 30.3±7.2 postoperation (Z=?7.404, P<0.001). Maximum density of postoperative clear corneal (21.2±3.51) and postoperative with haze (38.2±15.2) were both higher than preoperation (Z=?5.195, P=0.004 and Z=?4.783, P<0.001). And the haze correlated corneal density was grade I haze 29.4±2.58; grade II Haze 43.2±5.68; grade III haze 59.5±0.92; grade IV haze 89.5±14.9. Conclusion: Corneal density will increase with haze. Maximum density of postoperative clear corneal was higher than preoperation which may be influenced by the postoperative corneal inflammation or the rearrange of collagen ,and it need the further research. Besides the slit lamp, we can use the corneal density to measure the corneal transparency after surface ablation. The densitometry program of the Pentacam can provide a useful objective measure of postoperative and other mild corneal haze.

不同病变阶段视网膜色素变性患者脉络膜血管状态的荧光血管造影特征

Characters of choroid in different stages of retinitis pigmentosa

:74-79
 
目的:探讨不同病变阶段视网膜色素变性患者的脉络膜血管状态。方法:回顾性分析云南省第二人民医院眼科2000年1月至2015年4月诊断为原发性视网膜色素变性的患者226例(452眼)的眼底特征,并复习相关文献,重点分析总结脉络膜血管情况。结果:31例(62眼)病变前期患者,荧光素眼底血管造影显示动脉期脉络膜血管及视网膜血管充盈正常,未出现充盈延迟或缺损现象。25例(50眼)病变早期患者,荧光素眼底血管造影显示动脉前期可见脉络膜背景荧光显示,部分脉络膜毛细血管未同时充盈,动脉期时上述部分完成充盈。106例(112眼)病变中期患者,荧光素眼底血管造影显示动脉期出现部分脉络膜毛细血管萎缩区,仅能看到残存的粗大脉络膜血管,随造影过程的进展,此区域并未出现充盈,即呈现永久的脉络膜毛细血管充盈缺损。64例(128眼)病变晚 期患者荧光素眼底血管造影显示,广泛的脉络膜毛细血管萎缩区,其间可见残存的脉络膜粗大血管,至造影晚期均呈现充盈缺损,萎缩区边缘随造影过程呈强荧光表现。结论:荧光素眼底血管造影可显示脉络膜血管萎缩变化情况,这一指标可作为反映不同病变阶段视网膜色素变性患者病情进展变化的重要依据。
Objective: To investigate clinical characteristics of choroid in different stages of retinitis pigmentosa. Methods: The characteristics of fundus, visual conditions and characters of choroid of 226 cases (452 eyes) patients with retinitis pigmentosa in No. 2 People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province from Jan.2000 to Apr.2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Fundus fluorescein angiography of 31 cases (62 eyes) before early stage showed:  arterial choroidal and retinal vascular filling normal, filling delay or defect phenomenon does not be observed. Fundus fluorescein angiography 25 cases (50 eyes) patients in early disease showed: preliminary choroidal artery background fluorescence was displayed, at the same time, part of the choriocapillaris was not filling, the filling was completed in arterial stage. Fundus fluorescein angiography of 106 cases (112 eyes) patients in the medium-stage showed: arterial phase appears part choriocapillaris atrophy area, thick choroidal vessels can be seen, with the progress angiography procedure, filling was not be observed in this area, which presents permanent choriocapillaris filling defect. Fluorescein angiography of 64 cases (128 eyes) in patients in advanced stage showed widespread choriocapillaris atrophy area, during which thick choroidal vessels remaining filling defect in late stage, atrophic area with a contrast edge high fluorescence performance. Conclusion: Fluorescein angiography can show choroidal atrophy changes, it can be used as an indicator to assess the progression of retinal changes in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

感染性角膜炎的隔离管理

Isolation and management of infectious keratitis

:88-90
 
目的:规范感染性角膜炎的隔离管理。方法:回顾性分析感染性角膜炎患者在住院期间发生交叉感染的危险因素,探讨现行的隔离管理措施是否有效。结果:隔离管理到位,5年的院感发生率为0.08%。结论:规范感染性角膜炎的隔离管理,能有效地预防医院感染。
Objective: To standardized the isolation and management of infectious keratitis. Methods: Risk factors of cross-infection of patients with infectious keratitis during their hospitalization were retrospectively reviewed to investigate whether the current isolation management is effective. Results: The current isolation management is effective since the incidence of hospital infection was 0.08% in past 5 years. Conclusion: Standardized the isolation management of infectious keratitis can prevent hospital infection efficaciously. 

像差和对比敏感度数据提取处理软件的开发和应用

Development and application of aberration and contrast sensitivity data extraction software

:95-99
 
目的:像差和对比敏感度检查结果数据繁多复杂。为了高效准确地完成检查数据提取工作,自主开发一款像差和对比敏感度数据提取处理软件(Aberrations and Contrast Sensitivity Helper,ACSH)。方法:参考其他同类软件的设计模式,结合我院科研实际,采用开发工具VB6.0编程实现。结果:ACSH在Windows的运行环境下,能够准确地在局域网环境下实现对iTrace,Zywave像差仪和Optec_6500对比敏感度测试仪的检查数据进行提取。像差仪信息包括病人基本信息、屈光度、眼别、瞳孔直径,各项像差Zernike系数,高阶像差和总高阶像差均方根RMS(Root Mean Square)。对比敏感度仪数据包括:病人基本信息、检查时间、检查时的模拟光照度和眩光强度、 各空间频率的对比敏感度数值。同时软件支持对已提取的数据进行浏览、查询及导出EXCEL等功能,并开放数据接口供电子病历等其他系统对接。结论:ACSH是一款能够有效辅助视光专科科研和临床工作的应用软件。
Objective: Aberration and contrast sensitivity test results data is various and complex. In order to complete efficiently and accurately the data extraction work, we developed an aberration and contrast sensitivity data extraction software Aberrations and Contrast Sensitivity Helper (ACSH). Methods: VB6.0 was used as a development tool after we referred to other similar software design pattern and combined the reality of our scientific research. Results: The ACSH under the Windows environment can accurately extract the results’ data of iTrace and Zywave aberration meter and Optec 6500 contrast sensitivity tester in local area network. Aberration instrument information include patients’ basic information, refraction, which eye, pupil diameter, the aberration  Zernike coefficients, the high-order aberration and total aberration Root Mean Square (RMS). Contrast sensitivity tester data included: patients’ basic information, time, the intensity of analog light and the glare ,the contrast sensitivity values of every spatial frequency. ACSH is able to browse and query extracted data and export to EXCEL, and open data interface for electronic medical records and other system. Conclusion: ACSH is an effective software which assists optical specialized scientific research and clinical work.

汕头地区城乡中小学生双眼水平融合力的横断面调查

Cross-sectional study of youth fusional range among school children in Shantou District

:100-104
 
目的:通过三棱镜融合储备力试验检查了解正常青少年的双眼水平融像性聚散范围。方法:横断面研究,随机分层整群抽样调查。在汕头地区调查9所城乡中小学校,共7 537人。从体检学生中抽取双眼正常学生4 012名,用排状三棱镜检查双眼近距水平聚散力,在融像破裂点记录三棱镜度数。按集合与散开、年龄、性别等因素对结果作分层统计分析。结果:总体检人数7 464人,其中双眼祼眼视力≥0.8为4 012人,占体检人数的53.75%;研究对象的双眼散开运动范围平均为15.87△±10.74△,双眼集合运动范围平均为26.41△±12.04△;4~8岁组及9~11岁组的双眼集合与散开运动范围均高于12~20岁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女性的双眼集合能力高于男性。结论:在本调查人群中,双眼集合运动的储备力高于散开运动;年龄越小,双眼异向运动的储备力越强。
Objective: To investigate the fusional range by using prism bar among students in Shantou City of Guangdong Province, China. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 4 012 normal eye subjects among randomly selected 7 537 students aged 6 to 19 years from 9 schools in Shantou City. Horizontal fusional range measured with prism bar. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software to investigate the association of age, gender, vergence and divergence. Results: A total of 7 464 students were examined, including 3 928 boys and 3 536 girls, mean age 11 years. The number of students with binocular vision ≥0.8 was 4 012, accounting for 53.75% of the number of fusional examination; the mean vergence range was 15.87△±10.74△, and the mean divergence range was 26.41△±12.04△. The vergence and divergence range group of 4 to 8 years and 9 to  11 years students was higher than the group of 12 to 20 years, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The vergence range of female students was higher than that of male students. Conclusion: In this study, the vergence range is higher than divergence. With an increase in ages, the range of vergence and divergence decreases.

3种滴眼液对麻醉小鼠可逆性白内障的保护作用

Effect of eye drops on the development of cataract in anesthetized mice

:60-63
 
目的:探讨3种不同的滴眼液在麻醉小鼠晶状体浑浊中的保护作用。方法:将20只6周龄C57BL/6j小鼠分为4组,A组为自然暴露组(对照组),B组为滴用透明质酸钠组,C组为滴用甲基纤维素滴眼液组,D组为滴用生理盐水组。分别于麻醉后10,20,30,45和60 min观察小鼠晶状体浑浊情况。结果:与A组相比,3种滴眼液均不同程度地延长小鼠晶状体浑浊的时间;30 min时,4组小鼠浑浊 发生率分别为90%,50%,50%和10%,并延缓晶状体浑浊的进展;60 min时,4组小鼠3级浑浊的发生率为30%,10%,10%和0,其中生理盐水的作用效果最优,可以明显延迟晶状体变浑浊的时间。结论:麻醉小鼠的晶状体浑浊程度可以被相关滴眼液延缓,适用于短时间的眼科检查和处理,又因其经济易得,可广泛应用于小鼠活体的眼科检查中。
Objective: To study the effect of saline, carboxymethylcellulose sodium eye drops and sodium hyaluronate gel to stop the development of cataract in anesthetized mice. Methods: Twenty C57BL/6j mice, aged 6 weeks, were divided into four groups, group A was naturally exposed to air, group B was treated with sodium hyaluronate gel, group C was treated with carboxymethylcellulose sodium eye drops and group D was treated with saline. The lens opacity was observed at 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min after the start of the experiment. Results: Compared with group A, the eye drops delayed the development of lens opacity in varying degrees. At 30 min, the incidence rate of cataract in group A, B, C and D was 90%, 50%, 50% and 10%, respectively. At 60 min, the incidence rate of grade 3 cataract in group A, B, C and D was 30%, 10%, 10% and 0 respectively, saline did the best, which can significantly slow the process. Conclusion: Cataract development can be slowed by the protective eye drops. This finding is relevant for those experimental settings in which clear ocular media are required. 
综述

人文素养在眼科住院医师规范化培训中的重要性

Role of humanistic accomplishment in the standardized training of ophthalmology residents

:105-109
 
本文简要探讨了眼科青年医师在住院医师规范化培训过程中,应该重视人文素养的培养。眼科住院医师必须三基扎实,具备敏锐的临床科研嗅觉、优秀的现代医学人文素养。在科技高速发展与医疗环境日趋复杂的今天,培养具备精湛的专业技能与高尚的医学人文精神的眼科学领袖,对于眼科的发展显得尤为重要。
This article briefly discusses that in the process of standardized training of ophthalmology residents, the young physicians should focus on the training of humanistic accomplishment. Ophthalmology residents should master solid basic theory and skills, have keen sense of the clinical issue, and possess excellent modern medical humanities. Nowadays, it is particularly important to cultivate the ophthalmology leaders who hold superb professional skills and noble humanistic spirit because of the high-speed development of science and technology and the increasingly complex medical environment. 
其他期刊
  • 眼科学报

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    浏览
  • Eye Science

    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    承办:中山大学中山眼科中心
    主编:林浩添
    主管:中华人民共和国教育部
    主办:中山大学
    浏览
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